Determination of air-void system and modified frost resistance number for freeze-thaw resistance evaluation of ternary blended concrete made of ordinary Portland cement/silica fume/class F fly ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Seon Shon ◽  
Arman Abdigaliyev ◽  
Saltanat Bagitova ◽  
Chul-Woo Chung ◽  
Daegeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Void System ◽  
Class F Fly Ash ◽  
Air Void ◽  
Ternary Blended Concrete

Strength and durability of concretes containing 50% Portland cement replacement by fly ash and other materials

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Langan ◽  
R. C. Joshi ◽  
M. A. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Replacement Level ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Void System ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Air Void

Results are presented from an investigation on the compressive strength and durability of concretes containing substitute materials at a 50% replacement level (by mass) of Portland cement. Seven fly ashes (sub-bituminous, bituminous, and lignitic), together with limestone and an inert material (silica flour), were used as replacement materials. Durability studies included freeze–thaw testing (ASTM C666A), scaling resistance (ASTM C672), and abrasion resistance (ASTM C944). The air void system was assessed using the modified point count method of ASTM C457. The results indicate that although concretes with a 50% replacement level of cementitious material did not perform as well as the control concretes with no replacement, such concretes were able to meet minimum durability requirements. As anticipated, air-entrainment is the overriding factor that allows concrete to meet freeze–thaw durability requirements. In the context of this study, compressive strength does not appear to be a significant factor in freeze–thaw durability. Results indicated that concretes with compressive strengths of less than 10 MPa will still pass the freeze–thaw test, provided an adequate air void system is in place. Abrasion resistance tends to increase with compressive strength but not in all the cases. Key words: concrete, fly ash, compressive strength, durability, mineral admixtures.

scholarly journals Freeze–Thaw Resistance and Air-Void Analysis of Concrete with Recycled Glass–Pozzolan Using X-ray Micro-Tomography

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Marija Krstic ◽  
Julio F. Davalos ◽  
Emanuele Rossi ◽  
Stefan C. Figueiredo ◽  
Oguzhan Copuroglu
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Void System ◽  
Spatial Parameters ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Air Void

Recent studies have shown promising potential for using Glass Pozzolan (GP) as an alternative supplementary cementitious material (SCM) due to the scarcity of fly ash and slag in the United States. However, comprehensive studies on the freeze–thaw (FT) resistance and air void system of mixtures containing GP are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate GP’s effect on FT resistance and characterize mixtures with different GP contents, both macro- and microscopically. In this study, six concrete mixes were considered: Three mixes with 20%, 30% and 40% GP as cement replacements and two other comparable mixes with 30% fly ash and 40% slag, as well as a mix with 100% Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a reference. Concrete samples were prepared, cured and tested according to the ASTM standards for accelerated FT resistance for 1000 cycles and corresponding dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed). All the samples showed minimal deterioration and scaling and high F/T resistance with a durability factor of over 90%. The relationships among FT resistance parameters, air-pressured method measurements of fresh concretes and air void analysis parameters of hardened concretes were examined in this study. X-ray micro-tomography (micro-CT scan) was used to evaluate micro-cracks development after 1000 freeze–thaw cycles and to determine spatial parameters of air voids in the concretes. Pore structure properties obtained from mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and N2 adsorption method showed refined pore structure for higher cement replacement with GP, indicating more gel formation (C-S-H) which was verified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

scholarly journals Ilmenite Mud Waste as an Additive for Frost Resistance in Sustainable Concrete

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Chyliński ◽  
Krzysztof Kuczyński
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Sustainable Concrete ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Air Void

Sustainable development leads to the production of building materials that are safer for the environment. One of the ways to achieve sustainability in materials is the addition of industrial wastes and by-products, especially to concrete. However, the addition of waste to concrete often decreases its durability and the scope of aggression of the environment in which the concrete is used has to be reduced. Making sustainable concrete, which is also durable in more aggressive environments, is rather difficult. This article presents the results of tests performed on concrete containing ilmenite mud waste from the production of titanium dioxide, which was exposed to frost aggression with and without de-icing salts. The results have shown that a sustainable and frost resistant concrete can be made. After 200 freeze–thaw cycles, the compressive strength of the tested concretes decreased by less than 4%. Concretes were highly resistant for scaling and after 112 freeze–thaw cycles in water with de-icing salt, the scaled mass was less than 0.02 kg/m2. The air void distribution has also been analyzed. The results suited the requirements for frost resistance concrete and were similar to those obtained for a reference concrete with fly ash. The examination of the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has not shown any potential risks that might affect the durability of concrete. Particles of waste were thoroughly combined in the binder and some of its constituents seem to be an active part of the cement matrix. Long-term tests of shrinkage (360 days) have not shown any excessive values that would differ from the reference concrete with fly ash. The presented results have shown that sustainable concrete containing ilmenite mud waste from the production of titanium dioxide might also be resistant to frost aggression.

Freeze-Thaw and De-Icing Salt Resistance of Concrete Containing Mineral Admixtures and Air-Entraining Agent

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 3122-3127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lu Yuan ◽  
Bei Xing Li ◽  
Shi Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Chemical Corrosion ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Loss Of Mass

The effect of mineral admixtures and air-entraining agent on freezing-thawing and de-icing salt resistance of concrete has been studied. Concrete specimens made with ordinary Portland cement or ordinary Portland cement incorporating fly ash with the replacement of 10% or 20%, or 0.7/10000 air-entraining agent and fly ash with the replacement of 20%, or ground blast furnace slag with the replacement of 15% or 30%, were made and exposed to 500 cycles of freeze-thaw and de-icing salt environment. Concrete properties including loss of mass, relative dynamic elastic modulus, compressive strength, flexural strength and chloride ion diffusion coefficient were measured. Phase composition of samples was determined by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicate that concrete exposed to freeze-thaw and de-icing salt environment is subjected to both physical frost action and chemical corrosion. Incorporation of mineral admixtures and air-entraining agent possesses more effect on internal deterioration, mechanical properties and permeability of concrete than on the scaling of concrete.

scholarly journals Laboratory Study on the Effectiveness of Limestone and Cementitious Industrial Products for Acid Mine Drainage Remediation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Abdellatif Elghali ◽  
Mostafa Benzaazoua ◽  
Hassan Bouzahzah ◽  
Bruno Bussière
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Class F Fly Ash ◽  
Class F

Acid mine tailings may affect several environmental matrices. Here, we aimed to stabilize acid-generated mine tailings using several alkaline and cementitious amendments, which were tested in columns for 361 days. The alkaline amendments consisted of 10 and 20 wt.% limestone, while the cementitious amendments consisted of different binders at a total dosage of 5 wt.% binder. The different formulations for the cementitious amendments were: 50% Kruger fly ash and 50% class F fly ash; 20% ordinary Portland cement, 40% Kruger fly ash, and 40% class F fly ash; 80% ordinary Portland cement and 20% Kruger fly ash; and 20% ordinary Portland cement, 40% Kruger fly ash, and 40% fly ash. Kinetic testing on the amendment formulations showed that the pH values increased from <2.5 to circumneutral values (~7.5). The mobility of various chemical species was greatly reduced. Cumulative Fe released from the unamended tailings was ~342.5 mg/kg, and was <22 mg/kg for the amended tailings. The main mechanisms responsible for metal(loid) immobilization were the precipitation of secondary phases, such as Fe-oxyhydroxides, physical trapping, and tailing impermeabilization.

scholarly journals Strength Development and Elemental Distribution of Dolomite/Fly Ash Geopolymer Composite under Elevated Temperature

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emy Aizat Azimi ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Petrica Vizureanu ◽  
Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Geopolymer Composites

A geopolymer has been reckoned as a rising technology with huge potential for application across the globe. Dolomite refers to a material that can be used raw in producing geopolymers. Nevertheless, dolomite has slow strength development due to its low reactivity as a geopolymer. In this study, dolomite/fly ash (DFA) geopolymer composites were produced with dolomite, fly ash, sodium hydroxide, and liquid sodium silicate. A compression test was carried out on DFA geopolymers to determine the strength of the composite, while a synchrotron Micro-Xray Fluorescence (Micro-XRF) test was performed to assess the elemental distribution in the geopolymer composite. The temperature applied in this study generated promising properties of DFA geopolymers, especially in strength, which displayed increments up to 74.48 MPa as the optimum value. Heat seemed to enhance the strength development of DFA geopolymer composites. The elemental distribution analysis revealed exceptional outcomes for the composites, particularly exposure up to 400 °C, which signified the homogeneity of the DFA composites. Temperatures exceeding 400 °C accelerated the strength development, thus increasing the strength of the DFA composites. This appears to be unique because the strength of ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and other geopolymers composed of other raw materials is typically either maintained or decreases due to increased heat.

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