The relationship between screen time and mental health in young people: A systematic review of longitudinal studies

THIS IS A PRE-PRINT OF AN ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN "FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY - SPECIAL ISSUE: RESILIENCE, LIFE EVENTS, TRAJECTORIES AND THE BRAIN (9: 230)". THE FINAL AUTHENTICATED VERSION IS AVAILABLE ONLINE AT: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00230Background: Up to half of Western children and adolescents experience at least one type of childhood adversity. Individuals with a history of childhood adversity have an increased risk of psychopathology. Resilience enhancing factors reduce the risk of psychopathology following childhood adversity. A comprehensive overview of empirically supported resilience factors is critically important for interventions aimed to increase resilience in young people. Moreover, such an overview may aid the development of novel resilience theories. Therefore, we conducted the first systematic review of social, emotional, cognitive and/ or behavioural resilience factors after childhood adversity.Methods: We systematically searched Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus (e.g. including MEDLINE) for English, Dutch and German literature. We included cohort studies that examined whether a resilience factor was a moderator and/ or a mediator for the relationship between childhood adversity and psychopathology in young people (mean age 13-24). Therefore, studies were included if the resilience factor was assessed prior to psychopathology, and childhood adversity was assessed no later than the resilience factor. Study data extraction was based on the STROBE report and study quality was assessed with an adapted version of Downs and Black’s scale. The preregistered protocol can be found at: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42016051978.Results: The search identified 1969 studies, of which 22 were included (eight nationalities, study sample n range: 59-6780). We found empirical support for 13 of 25 individual-level (e.g. high self-esteem, low rumination), six of 12 family-level (e.g. high family cohesion, high parental involvement), and one of five community-level resilience factors (i.e. high social support), to benefit mental health in young people exposed to childhood adversity. Single versus multiple resilience factor models supported the notion that resilience factors should not be studied in isolation, and that interrelations between resilience factors should be taken into account when predicting psychopathology after childhood adversity.Conclusions: Interventions that improve individual, family, and/ or social support resilience factors may reduce the risk of psychopathology following childhood adversity. Future research should scrutinize whether resilience factors function as a complex interrelated system that benefits mental health resilience after childhood adversity.

Download Full-text

Employment as a Social Determinant of Health: A Review of Longitudinal Studies Exploring the Relationship Between Employment Status and Mental Health

Rehabilitation Research Policy and Education ◽

10.1891/2168-6653.29.3.261 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 261-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kenneth C. Hergenrather ◽

Robert J. Zeglin ◽

Maureen McGuire-Kuletz ◽

Scott D. Rhodes

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Employment Status ◽

Job Loss ◽

Service Providers ◽

Social Determinant ◽

The Relationship ◽

Social Determinant Of Health

Purpose: To explore employment as a social determinant of health through examining the relationship between employment status and mental health.Method: The authors conducted a systematic review of 48 longitudinal studies conducted in Australia, Canada, Croatia, Germany, Ireland, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom, and United States to explore the causal relationship between employment status and mental health.Results: Five common trajectories were identified as employment, unemployment, job loss, reemployment, and retired. Employment and reemployment were associated with better mental health (e.g., lower psychological distress, lower depression, lower anxiety), whereas unemployment and job loss were correlated with poorer mental health (e.g., higher depression, higher psychological distress).Conclusion: To enhance employment outcomes, service providers must acknowledge the relationship between employment status and mental health. The trajectories of employment and reemployment should be further explored by category (e.g., temporary, adequacy, income, skill level, hours, status). Additional research is needed to further elucidate the relationship between employment status and mental health.

Download Full-text

COVID-19 news distress in youth: A systematic review protocol

10.31234/osf.io/nkxqr ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Angelique Strasser ◽

Philip Sumner ◽

Denny Meyer

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Young People ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Health Effects ◽

Mental Health Outcomes ◽

Systematic Review Protocol ◽

Review Protocol ◽

Mental Health Effects ◽

The Relationship

COVID-19 has brought an epidemic of information which has produced detrimental mental health effects for young people. This systematic review protocol outlines the approach to investigating the available literature which assesses the relationship between COVID-19 related news and mental health outcomes in young people.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Cash Transfers on Mental Health in Children and Young People in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3742275 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Annie Zimmerman ◽

Emily Garman ◽

Mauricio Avendano ◽

Ricardo Araya ◽

Sara Evans-Lacko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Young People ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cash Transfers ◽

Middle Income ◽

Children And Young People ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The Impact ◽

Low And Middle Income

Download Full-text

Emotional Regulation and Overeating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs11010011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Francesca Favieri ◽

Andrea Marini ◽

Maria Casagrande

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Inadequate Response ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased, mostly in children and adolescents. The Emotional Eating theoretical model has proposed that the failure in emotional regulation could represent a risk factor for establishing maladaptive overeating behavior that represents an inadequate response to negative emotions and allows increasing body-weight. This systematic review investigates the relationship between overeating and both emotional regulation and emotional intelligence in childhood and adolescence, considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Moreover, another goal of the review is evaluating whether emotional regulation and emotional intelligence can cause overeating behaviors. The systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA-statement in the databases Medline, PsychArtcles, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, and allows 484 records to be extracted. Twenty-six studies were selected according to inclusion (e.g., studies focused on children and adolescents without clinical conditions; groups of participants overweight or with obesity) and exclusion (e.g., studies that adopted qualitative assessment or cognitive-affective tasks to measure emotional variables; reviews, commentary, or brief reports) criteria detailed in the methods. Cross-sectional studies showed a negative association between emotional regulation and overeating behavior that was confirmed by longitudinal studies. These findings highlighted the role of maladaptive emotion regulation on overeating and being overweight. The relationship between these constructs in children and adolescents was consistent. The results indicated the complexity of this association, which would be influenced by many physiological, psychological, and social factors. These findings underline the need for further studies focused on emotion regulation in the development of overeating. They should analyze the mediation role of other variables (e.g., attachment style, peer pressure) and identify interventions to prevent and reduce worldwide overweight prevalence.

Download Full-text