The complex interplay of gut microbiota with the five most common cancer types: From carcinogenesis to therapeutics to prognosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 103429
Author(s):  
Kayla Jaye ◽  
Chun Guang Li ◽  
Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types

Gut Microbiota and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Based Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Tian ◽  
Si Zhang ◽  
Yujen Tseng ◽  
Xizhong Shen ◽  
Ling Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Antitumor Response ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Patients Experience

: Application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a major breakthrough in the field of cancer therapy, which has displayed tremendous potential in various types of malignancies. However, their response rates range widely in different cancer types and a significant number of patients experience immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) induced by these drugs, limiting the proportion of patients who can truly benefit from ICIs. Gut microbiota has gained increasing attention due to its emerging role in regulating the immune system. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that gut microbiota can modulate antitumor response, as well as decrease the risk of colitis due to ICIs in patients receiving immunotherapy. The present review analyzed recent progress of relevant basic and clinical studies in this area and explored new perspectives to enhance the efficacy of ICIs and alleviate associated irAEs via manipulation of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals From microbiota toward gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Are we on the highway to hell?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Vitale ◽  
◽  
Alessandra Dicitore ◽  
Luigi Barrea ◽  
Emilia Sbardella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Tumorigenesis And Progression ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens ◽  
Immune System Modulation

Abstract Gut microbiota is represented by different microorganisms that colonize the intestinal tract, mostly the large intestine, such as bacteria, fungi, archaea and viruses. The gut microbial balance has a key role in several functions. It modulates the host’s metabolism, maintains the gut barrier integrity, participates in the xenobiotics and drug metabolism, and acts as protection against gastro-intestinal pathogens through the host’s immune system modulation. The impaired gut microbiota, called dysbiosis, may be the result of an imbalance in this equilibrium and is linked with different diseases, including cancer. While most of the studies have focused on the association between microbiota and gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, very little is known about gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). In this review, we provide an overview concerning the complex interplay between gut microbiota and GEP NENs, focusing on the potential role in tumorigenesis and progression in these tumors.

scholarly journals Study Insights into Gastrointestinal Cancer through the Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanli Kong ◽  
Yi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Gi Cancers

The gut microbiome in human is recognized as a “microbial organ” for its roles and contributions in regulating the human homeostasis and metabolism. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), rank as the most common cancer-related deaths worldwide. Evidences have suggested that the disorder of gut microbiota, also named as “dysbiosis,” is related to the development of a variety of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the CRC. However, detailed mechanisms between disease and gut microbiota remain largely unknown. This review introduced the correlation between gastrointestinal diseases and the microbiota in human gut from the recent studies, as well as the roles of microbiota in manipulating the CRC and IBDs development, in order to facilitate future studies and to develop novel methods for the precaution, diagnosis, or even cure of gastrointestinal diseases. Additionally, we also elucidated the possibility of probiotics in treatment against CRC.

scholarly journals Risk factors and trends of common cancers in Bangladesh: Outcome of hospital based case control survey conducted in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahriar ◽  
Rezaur Bin Islam ◽  
Abu Salek Mahmood ◽  
Md Shamim Al Mamun ◽  
Syeda Sumsun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Survey Interviews

The present study aimed to provide information about the common cancer types and respective predisposing risk factors among the Bangladeshi cancer patients from different cancer hospitals located in Dhaka city. A survey is conducted to establish a relationship between common cancer types and predisposing risk factors. A nationwide representative sample of 610 Bangladeshi cancer patients were asked about their medical history, life-style, eating habit and genetic risk factors in relation to cancer prevention, as a part of omnibus survey. Interviews were conducted with 610 subjects (339 men and 271 women). Among the male, the leading cancers were lung (76 patients), followed by mouth and oropharynx (66 patients), stomach (41 patients) etc. Among the female, breast cancer (64 patients) ranked the topmost position, followed by cervix (48 patients), ovary (37 patients), mouth and oropharynx (34 patients). Among 11 risk factors among men candidates, the attributable fraction of cancer causing by tobacco smoking was considered highest (68.14%), followed by betel leaf (67.55%). For most risk factors, attributable fraction responses were higher in women than in men. 14 risk factors among women cancer patients, the attributable fraction of cancer causing by viral and bacterial diseases (39.10%) was highest, followed by obesity (37.10%) and then chronic disease (37.03%) excluding food habit. Our results suggest that awareness of the attributable fraction of cancer causes in the Bangladeshi cancer patient tends to be dominated by tobacco smoking, food habit, cancer causing infection, men and women hygiene, and reproductive history among females rather than genetic factors.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i2.10439  S. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(2) 2011: 35-41  

scholarly journals Like mother, like microbe: human milk oligosaccharide mediated microbiome symbiosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1139-1151
Author(s):  
Schuyler A. Chambers ◽  
Steven D. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharide ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Starting shortly after parturition, and continuing throughout our lifetime, the gut microbiota coevolves with our metabolic and neurological programming. This symbiosis is regulated by a complex interplay between the host and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Not surprisingly, the development of this microbial community is of critical importance to health and wellness. In this targeted review, we examine the gut microbiome from birth to 2 years of age to characterize the role human milk oligosaccharides play in early formation of microbial flora.

scholarly journals Manipulating Gut Microbiota Composition to Enhance the Therapeutic Effect of Cancer Immunotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541987635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yi ◽  
Dechao Jiao ◽  
Shuang Qin ◽  
Qian Chu ◽  
Anping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Adoptive Cell Transfer ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Xenograft Models ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

In the past decade, a growing set of immunotherapies including immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and bispecific antibodies propelled the advancement of oncology therapeutics. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that immunotherapy could eliminate tumors better than traditional chemotherapy or radiotherapy with lower risk of adverse events in numerous cancer types. Unfortunately, a substantial proportion of patients eventually acquire resistance to immunotherapy. By analyzing the differences between immunotherapy-sensitive and immunotherapy-resistant populations, it was noticed that the composition of gut microbiota is closely related to treatment effect. Moreover, in xenograft models, interventional regulation of gut microbiota could effectively enhance efficacy and relieve resistance during immunotherapy. Thus, we believe that gut microbiota composition might be helpful to explain the heterogeneity of treatment effect, and manipulating gut microbiota could be a promising adjuvant treatment for cancer immunotherapy. In this mini review, we focus on the latest understanding of the cross-talk between gut microbiota and host immunity. Moreover, we highlight the role of gut microbiota in cancer immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitor and adoptive cell transfer.

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