Dysfunction of Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Progenitors Contributes to Age-Associated Hair Loss

Dengue virus (DENV)-mediated hair loss is one of the post-dengue fatigue syndromes and its pathophysiology remains unknown. Whether long-term or persistent infection with DENV in the scalp results in hair loss is unclear. In this study, we cultured human dermal fibroblasts (WS1 cells) and primary human hair-follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) in the long term with DENV-2 infection. The production of virion, the expression of inflammatory and anti-virus genes, and their signaling transduction activity in the infected cells were analyzed. DENV-2 NS3 protein and DENV-2 5′ UTR RNA were detected in fibroblasts and HFDPCs that were subjected to long-term infection with DENV-2 for 33 days. A significant amount of DENV-2 virion was produced by both WS1 cells and HFDPCs in the first two days of acute infection. The virion was also detected in WS1 cells that were infected in the long term, but HFDPCs failed to produce DENV-2 after long-term culture. Type I and type III interferons, and inflammatory cytokines were highly expressed in the acute phase of DENV infection in HFPDC and WS1 cells. However, in the long-term cultured cells, modest levels of anti-viral protein genes were expressed and we observed reduced signaling activity, which was correlated with the level of virus production changes. Long-term infection of DENV-2 downregulated the expression of hair growth regulatory factors, such as Rip1, Wnt1, and Wnt4. This in vitro study shows that the long-term infection with DENV-2 in dermal fibroblasts and dermal papilla cells may be involved with the prolonged-DENV-infection-mediated hair loss of post-dengue fatigue syndrome. However, direct evidence for viral replication in the human hair of a dengue victim or animal infection model is required.

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Advances in Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy in Androgenic Alopecia and Hair Loss: Wnt Pathway, Growth-Factor, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Signaling Impact Analysis on Cell Growth and Hair Follicle Development

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8050466 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 466 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Pietro Gentile ◽

Simone Garcovich

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽

Hair Follicle ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Follicle Development ◽

Hair Regrowth ◽

Hair Follicle Development

The use of stem cells has been reported to improve hair regrowth in several therapeutic strategies, including reversing the pathological mechanisms, that contribute to hair loss, regeneration of hair follicles, or creating hair using the tissue-engineering approach. Although various promising stem cell approaches are progressing via pre-clinical models to clinical trials, intraoperative stem cell treatments with a one-step procedure offer a quicker result by incorporating an autologous cell source without manipulation, which may be injected by surgeons through a well-established clinical practice. Many authors have concentrated on adipose-derived stromal vascular cells due to their ability to separate into numerous cell genealogies, platelet-rich plasma for its ability to enhance cell multiplication and neo-angiogenesis, as well as human follicle mesenchymal stem cells. In this paper, the significant improvements in intraoperative stem cell approaches, from in vivo models to clinical investigations, are reviewed. The potential regenerative instruments and functions of various cell populaces in the hair regrowth process are discussed. The addition of Wnt signaling in dermal papilla cells is considered a key factor in stimulating hair growth. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived signaling and growth factors obtained by platelets influence hair growth through cellular proliferation to prolong the anagen phase (FGF-7), induce cell growth (ERK activation), stimulate hair follicle development (β-catenin), and suppress apoptotic cues (Bcl-2 release and Akt activation).

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Regenerative medicine and hair loss: how hair follicle culture has advanced our understanding of treatment options for androgenetic alopecia

Regenerative Medicine ◽

10.2217/rme.13.87 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 101-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Claire A Higgins ◽

Angela M Christiano

Keyword(s):

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Hair Follicle ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Androgenetic Alopecia ◽

Follicle Culture

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Unraveling the secret life of the hair follicle: from fungi to innovative hair loss therapies

Experimental Dermatology ◽

10.1111/exd.13384 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 471-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andrew G Messenger ◽

Natalia V Botchkareva

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Hair Loss

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Androgen tic alopecia (AGA) -New Approach

Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education ◽

10.3329/bjdre.v5i2.24719 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 64-65

Author(s):

Md Ahsan Shafique

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Characteristic Pattern ◽

New Approach ◽

Dental Research ◽

Men 1 ◽

Significant Impairment ◽

Pattern Distribution ◽

Research And Education

Androgen tic alopecia is a no scarring progressive miniaturization of the hair follicle with a usual characteristic pattern distribution in genetically predisposed men 1. It is the most common hair loss disorder which causes significant impairment of life 2,3. The frequency and severity of male AGA increases with age in all ethnic groups 4.Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.5(2) 2015: 64-65

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Early Stages ofwe/we wal/walMouse Hair Morphogenesis: Light and Fluorescent Microscopy of the Whole-Mount Epidermis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/856978 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Alexandra Rippa ◽

Olga Leonova ◽

Vladimir Popenko ◽

Andrey Vasiliev ◽

Vasily Terskikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Early Stage ◽

Fluorescent Microscopy ◽

Adult Life ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Whole Mount ◽

Interfollicular Epidermis ◽

Embryonic Morphogenesis ◽

Hair Morphogenesis

In adult skin, hair follicles cyclically self-renew in a manner that recapitulates embryonic hair follicle morphogenesis. The most common pathology of hair in adults is alopecia, which is hair loss to different extent. There are a number of murine models of alopecia including spontaneous mutations. In the present study, we worked with double homozygouswe/we wal/walmice which demonstrate symptoms closely resembling human alopecia. Using whole-mount preparations of epidermis of E18.5 embryos we show that hair follicle defects can be revealed as early as during embryonic morphogenesis in these mutants. The number of hair follicles was reduced almost 1.5-fold in mutant skin. The shape of the early stage small follicles was altered in mutant animals as compared to control ones. Additionally, follicles of mutant embryos were wider at the point of conjunction with interfollicular epidermis. We believe that the mutant mice studied represent a fascinating model to address the problem of hair loss. We demonstrated alterations in the morphogenesis of embryonic hair follicle inwe/we wal/waldouble homozygous mice developing alopecia postnatally. We suppose that incorrect morphogenesis of hair follicles during embryogenesis is closely related to alopecia in the adult life. Unveiling the mechanisms involved in altered embryogenesis may elucidate the pathogenesis of alopecia.

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What Can Complex Dietary Supplements Do for Hair Loss and How Can It Be Validly Measured—A Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10144996 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 4996

Author(s):

Nicole Braun ◽

Ulrike Heinrich

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Hair Cycle ◽

Active Growth ◽

Widespread Occurrence ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Anagen Phase

Hair plays a major role in perception within a society. It provides information about gender, age, health, and social status. It is therefore not surprising that those affected are exposed to great suffering due to the widespread occurrence of hair loss. As a result, the demand for new products to remedy this problem is not diminishing. Hair grows in cycles, and a hair follicle goes through several phases called the hair cycle. The active growth phase (anagen phase) lasts 2–6 years. In this state a hair follicle shows a growth of about 1 cm per month. In order to improve the existing hair status, hair should be kept in the active anagen phase as long as possible, or the transition to anagen should be stimulated. A number of reviews already describe the influence of individual active ingredients on hair growth. However, the following review describes existing studies of complex dietary supplements with their experimental weaknesses and strengths and their influence on hair loss. Also, for the determination of hair loss, it is important to use a valid method with high acceptance by the test persons. In this context, the TrichoScale® is a validated and non-invasive tool for quantifying hair loss/hair growth. Thus, it is an ideal measuring instrument to objectively quantify the effectiveness of a hair loss treatment.

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Runx1 modulates adult hair follicle stem cell emergence and maintenance from distinct embryonic skin compartments

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201006068 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 193 (1) ◽

pp. 235-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Karen M. Osorio ◽

Karin C. Lilja ◽

Tudorita Tumbar

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Hair Follicle ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Lineage Tracing ◽

Short Term ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Mesenchymal Progenitors ◽

Hair Follicle Stem Cell ◽

Cell Adhesion And Migration ◽

Embryonic Skin

Runx1 controls hematopoietic stem cell emergence and hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activation and proliferation in adult skin. Here we use lineage tracing and mouse genetic manipulation to address the role of Runx1 in the embryonic development of HFSCs. We find Runx1 is expressed in distinct classes of embryonic skin precursors for short-term HF progenitors, adult HFSCs, and mesenchymal progenitors. Runx1 acts in the embryonic epithelium for timely emergence of adult HFSCs and short-term progenitors, but is dispensable for both of them. In contrast, Runx1 is strictly needed in the embryonic mesenchyme for proper adult HFSC differentiation and long-term skin integrity. Our data implicate Runx1 in epithelial cell adhesion and migration and in regulation of paracrine epithelial–mesenchymal cross talk. The latter involves Lef1 and Wnt signaling modulation in opposing directions from two distinct skin compartments. Thus, a master regulator of hematopoiesis also controls HFSC emergence and maintenance via modulation of bidirectional cross talking between nascent stem cells and their niche.

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Androgenetic alopecia: new insights into the pathogenesis and mechanism of hair loss

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.6401.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 585 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rodney Sinclair ◽

Niloufar Torkamani ◽

Leslie Jones

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Hair Follicle ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Active Role ◽

Androgenetic Alopecia ◽

Stem Cell Population ◽

Arrector Pili Muscle ◽

Biological Phenomena ◽

Organ Regeneration

The hair follicle is a complete mini-organ that lends itself as a model for investigation of a variety of complex biological phenomena, including stem cell biology, organ regeneration and cloning. The arrector pili muscle inserts into the hair follicle at the level of the bulge- the epithelial stem cell niche. The arrector pili muscle has been previously thought to be merely a bystander and not to have an active role in hair disease.Computer generated 3D reconstructions of the arrector pili muscle have helped explain why women with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) experience diffuse hair loss rather than the patterned baldness seen in men. Loss of attachment between the bulge stem cell population and the arrector pili muscle also explains why miniaturization is irreversible in AGA but not alopecia areata.A new model for the progression of AGA is presented.

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