scholarly journals Towards a hybrid criminological and psychological model of risk behavior: The developmental neuro-ecological risk-taking model (DNERM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 100995
Author(s):  
Ivy N. Defoe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Psychological Model

Method for Assessing the Ecological Risk to the Population in Areas Outside the Planning Zones of Emergency Protection Measures Around the NPP

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
V. M. Polyakov ◽  
Z. S. Agalarov
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Radiation Accident ◽  
Emergency Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Vector Criterion

The article offers a method for assessing the environmental risk in the territories adjacent to the planning zone of emergency protection measures around the NPP. The method is based on simulation modeling of territory pollution, which is formed at the late stage of a radiation accident and zoning of territories by risk, taking into account the characteristics of the population’s life in a potentially dangerous territory. A vector criterion of environmental risk is proposed that allows zoning these territories according to the degree of danger to the population.

scholarly journals Relative Deprivation and Hope: Predictors of Risk Behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahriar Keshavarz ◽  
Kenny R. Coventry ◽  
Piers Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Escape Behaviors ◽  
Excessive Risk Taking ◽  
Excessive Risk

AbstractThe belief that one is in a worse situation than similar others (Relative Deprivation) has been associated with involvement in a range of maladaptive escape behaviors, including excessive risk taking. Yet not everyone scoring high on measures of relative deprivation makes maladaptive choices. We hypothesized that hope may ameliorate the negative effects of relative deprivation. In two laboratory-based experiments using a novel risk-taking task (N = 101) we show that hope reduces risk-taking behavior in relatively deprived participants. A third study (N = 122) extended the moderating effect of hope on relative deprivation to real-world risk behavior; increased hope was associated with decreased likelihood of loss of control of one’s gambling behavior in relatively deprived individuals. Nurturing hope in relatively deprived populations may protect them against maladaptive behaviors with potential applications for harm reduction.

RISK-TAKING AS A PERSONALITY TRAIT

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Knowles ◽  
Henry S. G. Cutter ◽  
David H. Walsh ◽  
Nancy A. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
Validity Study ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
General Convergence

Consistencies in risk-taking behavior were investigated in a multi-method, convergent validity study of 13 risk-related measures. Fifty-six student nurses served as subjects. As with earlier studies, a general convergence was not found. However, factor analysis of the correlations indicated two qualitatively different kinds of dimensions. In addition to five strategy traits, a single motivational trait was identified. The motivational trait was interpreted as identifying a person's general willingness to approach or avoid risk situations. Data, independent of the factor analysis, supported the approach-avoidance construct. The results suggest (a) a redefinition of risk-taking as a personality trait; and (b) that consistencies in risk behavior do occur across a variety of situations.

Racial Differences in Risk-Taking Propensity on the Youth Version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART-Y)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahi Collado ◽  
Cristina M. Risco ◽  
Anne N. Banducci ◽  
Kevin W. Chen ◽  
Laura MacPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
White Adolescents ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Research indicates that White adolescents tend to engage in greater levels of risk behavior relative to Black adolescents. To better understand these differences, the current study examined real-time changes in risk-taking propensity (RTP). The study utilized the Balloon Analogue Risk Task–Youth Version (BART-Y), a well-validated real-time, laboratory assessment of RTP. The sample included 224 adolescents (41% Black; Mage = 11 + 0.8 years old). Generalized Equations Modeling analyses indicated that Black adolescents showed greater RTP decreases over the course of the task relative to White adolescents. Findings suggested that both groups exhibited similar RTP at the beginning of the BART-Y, and that significant differences emerged as the task progressed. The differences in RTP remained after controlling for family income, gender, age, and past-year risk behaviors. RTP may be an important target of investigation when examining racial differences in adolescent risk behavior.

Convergence of Direct, Indirect, and Objective Risk-Taking Measures in Gambling

2010 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike X. R. Dislich ◽  
Axel Zinkernagel ◽  
Tuulia M. Ortner ◽  
Manfred Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Based on dual-process models, we assumed that risk taking depends on implicit and explicit risk attitudes and risk propensity. Specifically, we predicted that the convergence between these indicators would depend on the impulsiveness versus reflectiveness of risk behavior. Two objective personality tests (OPTs) of risk taking that measure risk behavior in standardized situations were employed. We predicted that the impulsive OPT would depend more on implicit risk dispositions. The reverse effect pattern was expected for the reflective OPT. Next, we expected that self-control would amplify the weight of explicit dispositions and attenuate that of implicit dispositions. At Time 1, two direct questionnaire measures of explicit risk proneness, three indirect measures of implicit risk proneness, and a self-control measure were administered. At Time 2, participants participated in a reflective and an impulsive gambling OPT. The assumed pattern of effects was obtained. We conclude with a discussion of future research avenues.

Primary and Secondary Illusory Control and Risk-Taking in Gambling (Roulette)

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrée Letarte ◽  
Robert Ladouceur ◽  
Marie Mayrand
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Illusory Control

This research evaluated the perception of personal control and the number of wins and losses in gambling. Subjects were invited to play roulette. Monetary risk-behavior was recorded. Results showed that most subjects reported some degree of primary or secondary illusory control during the game. Frequent wins induced more personal control than infrequent wins. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of the psychology of gambling behavior.

scholarly journals Neuroanatomical Substrates for Risk Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifat Levy
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Posterior Parietal

Individuals vary substantially in their tendency to take risks. In the past two decades, a large number of neuroimaging studies in humans have explored the neural mechanisms of several cognitive processes that contribute to risk taking. In this article, I focus on functional and structural MRI studies that investigated uncertainty processing, one of the main features of risk behavior. Using decision-making and learning paradigms, these studies implicated a network of brain areas, including posterior parietal cortex, anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, in various aspects of uncertainty processing. Individual differences in behavior under uncertainty are reflected in the function and structure of some of these areas and are integrated into value representations in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum, reinforcing the potential contribution of all of these brain structures to individual tendencies to take risks.

Gender and Marital Differences for Risk Taking among Undergraduates

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail B. West ◽  
Patsy D. Moskal ◽  
Charles D. Dziuban ◽  
Lawrence P. Rumbough
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Unintentional Injuries

The authors report the frequency of behaviors which relate to intentional and unintentional injuries in the undergraduate population in Florida ( N = 1150). Comparisons of risk behavior are made for men versus women and married versus unmarried students. The findings suggest that college students frequently participate in behaviors which can lead to injury.

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