scholarly journals Simulations of the Impact of Co-injected Gases on CO2 Storage, the SIGARRR Project: First Results on Water-gas Interactions Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 3160-3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Corvisier ◽  
E. El Ahmar ◽  
C. Coquelet ◽  
J. Sterpenich ◽  
R. Privat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Storage ◽  
First Results ◽  
Gas Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Gas

scholarly journals Preliminary geochemical modeling of water–rock–gas interactions controlling CO2 storage in the Badenian Aquifer within Czech Part of Vienna Basin

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Labus ◽  
P. Bujok ◽  
M. Klempa ◽  
M. Porzer ◽  
D. Matýsek
Keyword(s):  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Hydrochemical Modeling ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vienna Basin ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Gas Interactions ◽  
Water Gas

Abstract Prediction of hydrogeochemical effects of geological CO2 sequestration is crucial for planning an industrial or even experimental scale injection of carbon dioxide gas into geological formations. This paper presents a preliminary study of the suitability of saline aquifer associated with a depleted oil field in Czech Part of Vienna Basin, as potential greenhouse gas repository. Two steps of modeling enabled prediction of immediate changes in the aquifer and caprocks impacted by the first stage of CO2 injection and the assessment of long-term effects of sequestration. Hydrochemical modeling and experimental tests of rock–water–gas interactions allowed for evaluation of trapping mechanisms and assessment of CO2 storage capacity of the formations. In the analyzed aquifer, CO2 gas may be locked in mineral form in dolomite and dawsonite, and the calculated trapping capacity reaches 13.22 kgCO2/m3. For the caprock, the only mineral able to trap CO2 is dolomite, and trapping capacity equals to 5.07 kgCO2/m3.

scholarly journals Leaching of trace metals (Pb, Zn) from contaminated tailings: New insight from a modelling approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Mertz ◽  
Lydie Le Forestier ◽  
Philippe Bataillard ◽  
Nicolas Devau
Keyword(s):  
Pore Solution ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Gas Interactions ◽  
Complexation Reactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Pb Concentration ◽  
Modelling Approach

<p>Reclamation measurements are commonly applied to mitigate the leaching of metal pollutants in order to reduce the risk for humans and the environment. Organic and/or inorganic amendments are often recommended to stabilize tailings and to reduce leaching of contaminants. In a recent microcosm percolation experiment (Thouin et al., 2019), the addition of a mining slurry called ochre and manure, either alone or in combination, drastically reduced the leaching of several metal pollutants, notably Pb. Nevertheless, the biogeochemical processes involved in the immobilization of metal pollutants remain unknown, preventing the management of this remediation technique from being optimized and its extension to other sites.  To fill this gap, a multicomponent reactive model was developed to simulate and forecast the impact of amendments on the leaching of metal pollutants. This model accounts for the following biogeochemical processes: kinetically-controlled dissolution and precipitation reactions, sorption reactions (i.e. surface complexation reactions), water-gas interactions and microbially-driven redox reactions with an explicit microbial growth. For all treatments, simulations revealed that Pb reactivity followed dynamic patterns driven by watering steps. The decrease in Pb concentration in the leachates of amended tailings compared to untreated tailings was also accurately reproduced. In untreated tailings, Pb reactivity is mainly controlled by the dissolution of Pb-bearing mineral phases. These reactions were maintained in thermodynamic disequilibrium due to the renewal of pore solution at each watering step. In amended tailings, this pattern was strengthened as the iron oxides contributed by ochre maintained a low Pb concentration in pore solution by sorbing released Pb. Sorption reactions were enhanced by the increase in pH induced by the dissolution of calcium carbonate initially present in ochre. The latter reaction was partially counterbalanced in tailings amended with manure as organic matter provided sufficient energy to fuel microbial aerobic respiration, leading to the release of protons. Pb desorption was promoted by this pH drop. By providing a better understanding of the effect of amendment, this multicomponent reactive model is a powerful tool to optimize the reclamation of tailings, in order to limit contaminant transfer to the environment.</p><p>Thouin H. et al. (2019), Appl. Geochem. 111, 104438</p>

Regional Variability of Michigan Niagaran Reefs and the Impact on CO2 Storage Resources

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Autumn Haagsma ◽  
Andrew Burchwell ◽  
Amber Conner ◽  
Jackie Gerst ◽  
Wayne Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Mixed NNLO QCD×electroweak corrections of $$ \mathcal{O} $$(Nfαsα) to single-W/Z production at the LHC

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Dittmaier ◽  
Timo Schmidt ◽  
Jan Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Z Bosons ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Electroweak Gauge Boson ◽  
First Results ◽  
Invariant Part ◽  
The Impact

Abstract First results on the radiative corrections of order $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (Nfαsα) are presented for the off-shell production of W or Z bosons at the LHC, where Nf is the number of fermion flavours. These corrections comprise all diagrams at $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (αsα) with closed fermion loops, form a gauge-invariant part of the next-to-next-to-leading-order corrections of mixed QCD×electroweak type, and are the ones that concern the issue of mass renormalization of the W and Z resonances. The occurring irreducible two-loop diagrams, which involve only self-energy insertions, are calculated with current standard techniques, and explicit analytical results on the electroweak gauge-boson self-energies at $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (αsα) are given. Moreover, the generalization of the complex-mass scheme for a gauge-invariant treatment of the W/Z resonances is described for the order $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (αsα). While the corrections, which are implemented in the Monte Carlo program Rady, are negligible for observables that are dominated by resonant W/Z bosons, they affect invariant-mass distributions at the level of up to 2% for invariant masses of ≳ 500 GeV and are, thus, phenomenologically relevant. The impact on transverse-momentum distributions is similar, taking into account that leading-order predictions to those distributions underestimate the spectrum.

Cooling Efficiencies of a NiTi-Based Cooling Process

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Schmidt ◽  
Andreas Schütze ◽  
Stefan Seelecke
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
First Results ◽  
Work Input ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Energy saving and environmental protection are topics of growing interest. In the light of these aspects alternative refrigeration principles become increasingly important. Shape memory alloys (SMA), especially NiTi alloys, generate a large amount of latent heat during solid state phase transformations, which can lead to a significant cooling effect in the material. These materials do not only provide the potential for an energy-efficient cooling process, they also minimize the impact on the environment by reducing the need for conventional ozone-depleting refrigerants. Our paper, presenting first results obtained in a project within the DFG Priority Program SPP 1599 “Ferroic Cooling”, focuses on the thermodynamic analysis of a NiTi-based cooling system. We first introduce a suitable cooling process and subsequently illustrate the underlying mechanisms of the process in comparison with the conventional compression refrigeration system. We further introduce a graphical solution to calculate the energy efficiency ratio of the system. This thermodynamic analysis method shows the necessary work input and the heat absorption of the SMA in stress/strain- or temperature/entropy-diagrams, respectively. The results of the calculations underline the high potential of this solid-state cooling methodology.

scholarly journals The impact of boundary conditions on CO2 storage capacity estimation in aquifers

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 4828-4834 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Smith ◽  
D.J. Noy ◽  
S. Holloway ◽  
R.A. Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Capacity Estimation ◽  
The Impact

Online Modeling of CO2 Storage Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Douglas Erickson ◽  
Greg Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Injection ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Corrosion Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper discusses the development and deployment of a specialized online and offline integrated model to simulate the CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) Injection process. There is a very high level of CO2 in an LNG development and the CO2 must be removed in order to prepare the gas to be processed into LNG. To mitigate the global warming effects of this CO2, a large portion of the CO2 Rich Stream (98% purity) is injected back into a depleted oil field. To reduce costs, carbon steel flowlines are used but this introduces a risk of internal corrosion. The presence of free water increases the internal corrosion risk, and for this reason, a predictive model discussed in this paper is designed to help operations prevent free water dropout in the network in real time. A flow management tool (FMT) is used to monitor the current state of the system and helps look at the impact of future events (startup, shutdowns etc.). The tool models the flow of the CO2 rich stream from the outlet of the compressor trains, through the network pipeline and manifolds and then into the injection wells. System behavior during steady state and transient operation is captured and analyzed to check water content and the balance of trace chemicals along with temperature and pressure throughout the network helping operators estimate corrosion rates and monitor the overall integrity of the system. The system has been running online for 24/7 for 2 years. The model has been able to match events like startup/shutdown, cooldowns and blowdowns. During these events the prediction of temperature/pressure at several locations in the field matches measured data. The model is then able to forecasts events into the future to help operations plan how they will operate the field. The tool uses a specialized thermodynamic model to predict the dropout of water in the near critical region of CO2 mixtures which includes various impurities. The model is designed to model startup and shutdown as the CO2 mixture moves across the phase boundary from liquid to gas or gas to liquid during these operations.

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle With CO2-Capture Using Auto-Thermal Reforming of Natural Gas

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thormod Andersen ◽  
Hanne M. Kvamsdal ◽  
Olav Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Chemical Absorption ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Gas

A concept for capturing and sequestering CO2 from a natural gas fired combined cycle power plant is presented. The present approach is to decarbonise the fuel prior to combustion by reforming natural gas, producing a hydrogen-rich fuel. The reforming process consists of an air-blown pressurised auto-thermal reformer that produces a gas containing H2, CO and a small fraction of CH4 as combustible components. The gas is then led through a water gas shift reactor, where the equilibrium of CO and H2O is shifted towards CO2 and H2. The CO2 is then captured from the resulting gas by chemical absorption. The gas turbine of this system is then fed with a fuel gas containing approximately 50% H2. In order to achieve acceptable level of fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency, this kind of process is attractive because of the possibility of process integration between the combined cycle and the reforming process. A comparison is made between a “standard” combined cycle and the current process with CO2-removal. This study also comprise an investigation of using a lower pressure level in the reforming section than in the gas turbine combustor and the impact of reduced steam/carbon ratio in the main reformer. The impact on gas turbine operation because of massive air bleed and the use of a hydrogen rich fuel is discussed.

scholarly journals Response of Sensitive and Resistant Snap Bean Genotypes to Nighttime Ozone Concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Kirsten L. Lloyd ◽  
Donald D. Davis ◽  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Age ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactors ◽  
First Results ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

Effects of nighttime (2000 to 0700 hr) O3 on the pod mass of sensitive (S156) and resistant (R123) snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes were assessed using continuous stirred tank reactors located within a greenhouse. Two concentration-response relationship trials were designed to evaluate yield response to nighttime O3 exposure (10 to 265 ppb) in combination with daytime exposure at background levels (44 and 62 ppb). Three replicated trials tested the impact of nighttime O3 treatment at means of 145, 144, and 145 ppb on yields. In addition, stomatal conductance (gS) measurements documented diurnal variations and assessed the effects of genotype and leaf age. During the concentration-response experiments, pod mass had a significant linear relationship with the nighttime O3 concentration across genotypes. Yield losses of 15% and 50% occurred at nighttime exposure levels of ≈45 and 145 ppb, respectively, for S156, whereas R123 yields decreased by 15% at ≈150 ppb. At low nighttime O3 levels of ≈100 ppb, R123 yields initially increased up to 116% of the treatment that received no added nighttime O3, suggesting a potential hormesis effect for R123, but not for S156. Results from replicated trials revealed significant yield losses in both genotypes following combined day and night exposure, whereas night-only exposure caused significant decreases only for S156. The gS rates ranged from less than 100 mmol·m−2·s−1 in the evening to midday levels more than 1000 mmol·m−2·s−1. At sunrise and sunset, S156 had significantly higher gS rates than R123, suggesting a greater potential O3 flux into leaves. Across genotypes, younger rapidly growing leaves had higher gS rates than mature fully expanded leaves when evaluated at four different times during the day. Although these were long-term trials, gS measurements and observations of foliar injury development suggest that acute injury, occurring at approximately the time of sunrise, also may have contributed to yield losses. To our knowledge, these are the first results to confirm that the relative O3 sensitivity of the S156/R123 genotypes is valid for nighttime exposure.

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