Sex differences in the relationship between vigorous vs moderate intensity exercise and risk markers of overweight and obesity in healthy adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 491-495
Author(s):  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Katherine González-Ruíz ◽  
Sophya García ◽  
Ricardo Antonio Agredo-Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
The Relationship

O2 uptake kinetics, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and muscle deoxygenation in young and older adults during the transition to moderate-intensity exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. R577-R584 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Gurd ◽  
S. J. Peters ◽  
G. J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
P. J. LeBlanc ◽  
T. J. Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
O2 Uptake Kinetics ◽  
The Relationship

The adaptation of pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2p) kinetics is slowed in older compared with young adults during the transition to moderate-intensity exercise. In this study, we examined the relationship between V̇o2p kinetics and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in young ( n = 7) and older ( n = 6) adults. Subjects performed cycle exercise to a work rate corresponding to ∼90% of estimated lactate threshold. Phase 2 V̇o2p kinetics were slower ( P < 0.05) in older (τ = 40 ± 17 s) compared with young (τ = 21 ± 6 s) adults. Relative phosphocreatine (PCr) breakdown was greater ( P < 0.05) at 30 s in older compared with young adults. Absolute PCr breakdown at 6 min was greater ( P < 0.05) in older compared with young adults. In young adults, PDH activity increased ( P < 0.05) from baseline to 30 s, with no further change observed at 6 min. In older adults, PDH activity during baseline exercise was similar to that seen in young adults. During the exercise transition, PDH activity did not increase ( P > 0.05) at 30 s of exercise but was elevated ( P < 0.05) after 6 min. The change in deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) was greater for a given V̇o2p in older adults, and there was a similar time course of HHb accompanying the slower V̇o2p kinetics in the older adults, suggesting a slower adaptation of bulk O2 delivery in older adults. In conclusion, the slower adaptation of V̇o2p in older adults is likely a result of both an increased metabolic inertia and lower O2 availability.

Metabolism- and sex-dependent critical WBGT limits at rest and during exercise in the heat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tony Wolf ◽  
Mireille A. Folkerts ◽  
Rachel M. Cottle ◽  
Hein A.M. Daanen ◽  
W. Larry Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Environmental Limits

Critical environmental limits are environmental thresholds above which heat gain exceeds heat loss and body core temperature (Tc) cannot be maintained at equilibrium. Those limits can be represented as critical wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGTcrit), a validated index that represents the overall thermal environment. Little is known about WBGTcrit at rest and during low-to-moderate intensity exercise, or sex differences in WBGTcrit, in unacclimated young adults. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) WBGTcrit progressively decreases as metabolic heat production (Mnet) increases, (2) no sex differences in WBGTcrit occur at rest, and (3) WBGTcrit is lower during absolute-intensity exercise but higher at relative intensities in women compared to men. Thirty-six participants (19M/17W; 23±4 yr) were tested at rest, during light, absolute-intensity exercise (10 W), or during moderate, relative-intensity exercise (30% V̇O2max) in an environmental chamber. Dry-bulb temperature was clamped as relative humidity or ambient water vapor pressure was increased until an upward inflection was observed in Tc (rectal or esophageal temperature). Sex-aggregated WBGTcrit was lower during 10 W (32.9±1.7°C, P<0.0001) and 30% V̇O2max (31.6±1.1°C, P<0.0001) exercise vs. rest (35.3±0.8°C), and lower at 30% V̇O2max vs. 10 W (P=0.01). WBGTcrit was similar between sexes at rest (35.6±0.8°C vs. 35.0±0.8°C, P=0.83), but lower during 10 W (31.9±1.7°C vs. 34.1±0.3°C, P<0 .01) and higher during 30% V̇O2max (32.4±0.8°C vs. 30.8±0.9°C, P=0.03) exercise in women vs. men. These findings suggest that WBGTcrit decreases as Mnet increases, no sex differences occur in WBGTcrit at rest, and sex differences in WBGTcrit during exercise depend upon absolute vs. relative intensities.

scholarly journals Effects of acute exercise on endothelial function in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (1) ◽  
pp. H19-H30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom G. Bailey ◽  
Maria Perissiou ◽  
Mark T. Windsor ◽  
Karl Schulze ◽  
Michael Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Endothelial dysfunction is observed in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), who have increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. This study aimed to assess the acute effects of moderate- and higher-intensity exercise on endothelial function, as assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), in AAA patients (74 ± 6 yr old, n = 22) and healthy adults (72 ± 5 yr old, n = 22). Participants undertook three randomized visits, including moderate-intensity continuous exercise [40% peak power output (PPO)], higher-intensity interval exercise (70% PPO), and a no-exercise control. Brachial artery FMD was assessed at baseline and at 10 and 60 min after each condition. Baseline FMD was lower [by 1.10% (95% confidence interval: 0.72−.81), P = 0.044] in AAA patients than in healthy adults. There were no group differences in FMD responses after each condition ( P = 0.397). FMD did not change after no-exercise control but increased by 1.21% (95% confidence interval: 0.69−1.73, P < 0.001) 10 min after moderate-intensity continuous exercise in both groups and returned to baseline after 60 min. Conversely, FMD decreased by 0.93% (95% confidence interval: 0.41−1.44, P < 0.001) 10 min after higher-intensity interval exercise in both groups and remained decreased after 60 min. We found that the acute response of endothelial function to exercise is intensity-dependent and similar between AAA patients and healthy adults. Our findings provide evidence that regular exercise may improve vascular function in AAA patients, as it does in healthy adults. Improved FMD after moderate-intensity exercise may provide short-term benefit. Whether the decrease in FMD after higher-intensity exercise represents an additional risk and/or a greater stimulus for vascular adaptation remains to be elucidated. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Abdominal aortic aneurysm patients have vascular dysfunction. We observed a short-term increase in vascular function after moderate-intensity exercise. Conversely, higher-intensity exercise induced a prolonged reduction in vascular function, which may be associated with both short-term increases in cardiovascular risk and signaling for longer-term vascular adaptation in abdominal aortic aneurysm patients.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Oxygenation of the Left and Right Prefrontal Cortex during Moderate-Intensity Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5212
Author(s):  
Yuta Inagaki ◽  
Reo Sato ◽  
Takashi Uchiyama ◽  
Sho Kojima ◽  
Shinichiro Morishita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Ergometer Cycling

Introduction: Differences in cognitive performance with exercise between men and women have previously been reported. In this study, we evaluated between-sex differences in oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (AE), which could contribute to noted differences in cognitive function. Method: The subjects were ten men (age, 21.5 ± 0.5 years; height, 171.7 ± 4.8 cm; weight, 65.6 ± 5.6 kg) and ten women (age, 21.4 ± 0.5 years; height, 157.6 ± 4.9 cm; weight, 51.3 ± 6.5 kg). They completed our AE protocol, consisting of a 30-min leg-ergometer cycling at an intensity of 50% peak oxygen uptake, with an initial 4-min rest period for baseline measurement. Measures of the dynamics of cerebral oxygenation included: oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) in the left and right PFC (LR-PFC) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb). The 30-min exercise period was subdivided into six 5-min phases, with the average and peak values determined in each phase. Results: A significant interaction was found between LR-PFC HHb and sex (p < 0.001), with significantly higher values in men than in women in phases 3–6 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We report a significant sex effect of HHb in the LR-PFC.

scholarly journals Eicosanoid Production following One Bout of Exercise in Middle-Aged African American Pre- and Stage 1 Hypertensives

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sheara Williamson ◽  
Deepti Varma ◽  
Michael Brown ◽  
Susan Jansen
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eicosanoid Formation

Endothelial dysfunction and a sedentary lifestyle may be involved in the development of hypertension which is proliferative among middle-aged African Americans (AA). Signaling molecules derived from the oxidation of 20-carbon fatty acid molecules known as eicosanoids influence vascular tone. The relationship between aerobic fitness and eicosanoid formation following exercise in middle-aged African American hypertensives is unknown.Purpose. To determine the relationship between aerobic capacity and eicosanoid formation after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise in middle-aged AA hypertensives.Methods. Ten sedentary hypertensive AA underwent 50 min of aerobic exercise at 65% VO2max. Urine was collected for 24 hr on two occasions, prior to testing and immediately following the bout of exercise. Urinary metabolites of prostacyclin (6-keto PGF1α) and thromboxane (11-dTXB2) were measured during the day and night periods by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results. 6-keto PGF1αlevels significantly increased () following the bout of exercise compared to the control day. There was a significant relationship (, ) between 6-keto PGF1αlevels and VO2max during the exercise day.Conclusion. Based on this preliminary study, there appears to be a relationship between aerobic capacity and exercise-induced 6-keto PGF1αproduction in middle-aged hypertensive AAs. AAs with lower VO2max had lower 6-keto PGF1αformation.

scholarly journals Prolonged Low‐ to Moderate‐Intensity Exercise Improves Metabolic and Oxidative Profiles in Healthy Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique D. Gagnon ◽  
Sandra C. Dorman ◽  
Stephen Ritchie ◽  
Shivaprakash Jagalur Mutt ◽  
Ville Stenbäck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

scholarly journals The Respiratory System during Intermittent-Sprint Work: Respiratory Muscle Work and the Critical Distribution of Oxygen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón F. Rodriguez ◽  
Robert J. Aughey ◽  
François Billaut
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Muscle Work ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

In healthy individuals at rest and while performing moderate-intensity exercise, systemic blood flow is distributed to tissues relative to their metabolic oxygen demands. During sustained high-intensity exercise, competition for oxygen delivery arises between locomotor and respiratory muscles, and the heightened metabolic work of breathing, therefore, contributes to limited skeletal muscle oxygenation and contractility. Intriguingly, this does not appear to be the case for intermittent-sprint work. This chapter presents new evidence, based on inspiratory muscle mechanical loading and hypoxic gas breathing, to support that the respiratory system of healthy men is capable of accommodating the oxygen needs of both locomotor and respiratory muscles when work is interspersed with short recovery periods. Only when moderate hypoxemia is induced, substantial oxygen competition arises in favour of the respiratory muscles. These findings extend our understanding of the relationship between mechanical and metabolic limits of varied exercise modes.

The Relationship of Compliance with Coping Strategies and Self-Esteem

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisli H. Gudjonsson ◽  
Jon Fridrik Sigurdsson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Summary: The Gudjonsson Compliance Scale (GCS), the COPE Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered to 212 men and 212 women. Multiple regression of the test scores showed that low self-esteem and denial coping were the best predictors of compliance in both men and women. Significant sex differences emerged on all three scales, with women having lower self-esteem than men, being more compliant, and using different coping strategies when confronted with a stressful situation. The sex difference in compliance was mediated by differences in self-esteem between men and women.

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