scholarly journals Long-term ozone exposure and mortality from neurological diseases in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 106817
Author(s):  
Naizhuo Zhao ◽  
Lauren Pinault ◽  
Olaniyan Toyib ◽  
Jennifer Vanos ◽  
Michael Tjepkema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Ozone Exposure

The Effects of P75NTR on Learning Memory Mediated by Hippocampal Apoptosis and Synaptic Plasticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Tang ◽  
Shuang Feng ◽  
Xing-Dong Chen ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Min Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
P75 Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

: Neurological diseases bring great mental and physical torture to the patients, and have long-term and sustained negative effects on families and society. The attention to neurological diseases is increasing, and the improvement of the material level is accompanied by an increase in the demand for mental level. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a low-affinity neurotrophin receptor and involved in diverse and pleiotropic effects in the developmental and adult central nervous system (CNS). Since neurological diseases are usually accompanied by the regression of memory, the pathogenesis of p75NTR also activates and inhibits other signaling pathways, which has a serious impact on the learning and memory of patients. The results of studies shown that p75NTR is associated with LTP/LTD-induced synaptic enhancement and inhibition, suggest that p75NTR may be involved in the progression of synaptic plasticity. And its pro-apoptotic effect is associated with activation of proBDNF and inhibition of proNGF, and TrkA/p75NTR imbalance leads to pro-survival or pro-apoptotic phenomena. It can be inferred that p75NTR mediates apoptosis in the hippocampus and amygdale, which may affect learning and memory behavior. This article mainly discusses the relationship between p75NTR and learning memory and associated mechanisms, which may provide some new ideas for the treatment of neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Growth Response of Bigcone Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa) to Long-Term Ozone Exposure in Southern California

1995 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Peterson ◽  
David G. Silsbee ◽  
Mark Poth ◽  
Michael J. Arbaugh ◽  
Frances E. Biles
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Ozone Exposure

scholarly journals Optimizing the neuron-electrode interface for chronic bioelectronic interfacing

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. E7
Author(s):  
Conor Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Closed Loop Systems ◽  
Electrode Interface ◽  
Neural Interfacing

Engineering approaches have vast potential to improve the treatment of disease. Brain-machine interfaces have become a well-established means of treating some otherwise medically refractory neurological diseases, and they have shown promise in many more areas. More widespread use of implanted stimulating and recording electrodes for long-term intervention is, however, limited by the difficulty in maintaining a stable interface between implanted electrodes and the local tissue for reliable recording and stimulation.This loss of performance at the neuron-electrode interface is due to a combination of inflammation and glial scar formation in response to the implanted material, as well as electrical factors contributing to a reduction in function over time. An increasing understanding of the factors at play at the neural interface has led to greater focus on the optimization of this neuron-electrode interface in order to maintain long-term implant viability.A wide variety of approaches to improving device interfacing have emerged, targeting the mechanical, electrical, and biological interactions between implanted electrodes and the neural tissue. These approaches are aimed at reducing the initial trauma and long-term tissue reaction through device coatings, optimization of mechanical characteristics for maximal biocompatibility, and implantation techniques. Improved electrode features, optimized stimulation parameters, and novel electrode materials further aim to stabilize the electrical interface, while the integration of biological interventions to reduce inflammation and improve tissue integration has also shown promise.Optimization of the neuron-electrode interface allows the use of long-term, high-resolution stimulation and recording, opening the door to responsive closed-loop systems with highly selective modulation. These new approaches and technologies offer a broad range of options for neural interfacing, representing the possibility of developing specific implant technologies tailor-made to a given task, allowing truly personalized, optimized implant technology for chronic neural interfacing.

scholarly journals NeuroRoots, a bio-inspired, seamless Brain Machine Interface device for long-term recording

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc D. Ferro ◽  
Christopher M. Proctor ◽  
Alexander Gonzalez ◽  
Eric Zhao ◽  
Andrea Slezia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Brain Machine Interface ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Integrative Level ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMinimally invasive electrodes of cellular scale that approach a bio-integrative level of neural recording could enable the development of scalable brain machine interfaces that stably interface with the same neural populations over long period of time.In this paper, we designed and created NeuroRoots, a bio-mimetic multi-channel implant sharing similar dimension (10µm wide, 1.5µm thick), mechanical flexibility and spatial distribution as axon bundles in the brain. A simple approach of delivery is reported based on the assembly and controllable immobilization of the electrode onto a 35µm microwire shuttle by using capillarity and surface-tension in aqueous solution. Once implanted into targeted regions of the brain, the microwire was retracted leaving NeuroRoots in the biological tissue with minimal surgical footprint and perturbation of existing neural architectures within the tissue. NeuroRoots was implanted using a platform compatible with commercially available electrophysiology rigs and with measurements of interests in behavioral experiments in adult rats freely moving into maze. We demonstrated that NeuroRoots electrodes reliably detected action potentials for at least 7 weeks and the signal amplitude and shape remained relatively constant during long-term implantation.This research represents a step forward in the direction of developing the next generation of seamless brain-machine interface to study and modulate the activities of specific sub-populations of neurons, and to develop therapies for a plethora of neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Long-term exposure to air pollutants from multiple sources and mortality in an industrial area: a cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bauleo ◽  
Simone Bucci ◽  
Chiara Antonucci ◽  
Roberto Sozzi ◽  
Marina Davoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Dichotomous Variable

Background and aimsResidents near industrial areas are exposed to several toxins from various sources and the assessment of the health effects is difficult. The area of Civitavecchia (Italy) has several sources of environmental contamination with potential health effects. We evaluated the association between exposure to pollutants from multiple sources and mortality in a cohort of people living in the area.MethodsAll residents of the area in 1996 were enrolled (from municipal registers) and followed until 2013. Long-term exposures to emissions from industrial sources (PM10) and traffic (NOx) at the residential addresses were assessed using a dispersion model. Residence close to the harbour was also considered. Cox survival analysis was conducted including a linear term for industrial PM10 and NOx exposure and a dichotomous variable to indicate residence within 500 m of the harbour. Age, sex, calendar period, occupation and area-based socioeconomic position (SEP) were considered (HRs, 95% CI).Results71 362 people were enrolled (52% female, 43% low SEP) and 14 844 died during the follow-up. We found an association between industrial PM10 and mortality from non-accidental causes (HR=1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.12), all cancers (HR=1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.21) and cardiac diseases (HR=1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.23). We also found an association between NOx exposure from traffic and mortality from all cancers (HR=1.13, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.26) and neurological diseases (HR=1.50, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.20). Living near the harbour was associated with higher mortality from lung cancer (HR=1.31, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.66) and neurological diseases (HR=1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.18).ConclusionsEstimated exposures to different pollution sources in this area were independently associated with several mortality outcomes while adjusting for occupation and socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Plasma Metabolic Signature and Abnormalities in HIV-Infected Individuals on Long-Term Successful Antiretroviral Therapy

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemalatha Babu ◽  
Maike Sperk ◽  
Anoop T. Ambikan ◽  
Gladys Rachel ◽  
Vinod Kumar Viswanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Plasma Proteomics

Targeted metabolomics studies reported metabolic abnormalities in both treated and untreated people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLHIV). The present study aimed to understand the plasma metabolomic changes and predicted the risk of accelerated aging in PLHIV on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a case-control study setting and its association with the plasma proteomics biomarkers of inflammation and neurological defects. Plasma samples were obtained from PLHIV on successful long-term ART for more than five years (n = 22) and matched HIV-negative healthy individuals (n = 22, HC herein). Untargeted metabolite profiling was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). Plasma proteomics profiling was performed using proximity extension assay targeting 184 plasma proteins. A total of 250 metabolites differed significantly (p < 0.05, q < 0.1) between PLHIV and HC. Plasma levels of several essential amino acids except for histidine, branched-chain amino acids, and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan) were significantly lower in PLHIV compared to HC. Machine-learning prediction of metabolite changes indicated a higher risk of inflammatory and neurological diseases in PLHIV. Metabolic abnormalities were observed in amino-acid levels, energetics, and phospholipids and complex lipids, which may reflect known differences in lipoprotein levels in PLHIV that can resemble metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Effects of Long-term Ozone Exposure on the Photosynthesis Capacity of Grain Pericarp and Grain-filling of Winter-wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
赵泽 ZHAO Ze ◽  
王鹏云 WANG Pengyun ◽  
郑有飞 ZHENG Youfei ◽  
吴荣军 WU Rongjun ◽  
张金恩 ZHANG Jin'en
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Photosynthesis Capacity
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