scholarly journals Optimizing the neuron-electrode interface for chronic bioelectronic interfacing

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. E7
Author(s):  
Conor Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Closed Loop Systems ◽  
Electrode Interface ◽  
Neural Interfacing

Engineering approaches have vast potential to improve the treatment of disease. Brain-machine interfaces have become a well-established means of treating some otherwise medically refractory neurological diseases, and they have shown promise in many more areas. More widespread use of implanted stimulating and recording electrodes for long-term intervention is, however, limited by the difficulty in maintaining a stable interface between implanted electrodes and the local tissue for reliable recording and stimulation.This loss of performance at the neuron-electrode interface is due to a combination of inflammation and glial scar formation in response to the implanted material, as well as electrical factors contributing to a reduction in function over time. An increasing understanding of the factors at play at the neural interface has led to greater focus on the optimization of this neuron-electrode interface in order to maintain long-term implant viability.A wide variety of approaches to improving device interfacing have emerged, targeting the mechanical, electrical, and biological interactions between implanted electrodes and the neural tissue. These approaches are aimed at reducing the initial trauma and long-term tissue reaction through device coatings, optimization of mechanical characteristics for maximal biocompatibility, and implantation techniques. Improved electrode features, optimized stimulation parameters, and novel electrode materials further aim to stabilize the electrical interface, while the integration of biological interventions to reduce inflammation and improve tissue integration has also shown promise.Optimization of the neuron-electrode interface allows the use of long-term, high-resolution stimulation and recording, opening the door to responsive closed-loop systems with highly selective modulation. These new approaches and technologies offer a broad range of options for neural interfacing, representing the possibility of developing specific implant technologies tailor-made to a given task, allowing truly personalized, optimized implant technology for chronic neural interfacing.

scholarly journals Graphene-Based Electrode Materials for Neural Activity Detection

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6170
Author(s):  
Weichen Wei ◽  
Xuejiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Activity Detection ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Neural Electrode ◽  
Neural Electrodes ◽  
Wide Range

The neural electrode technique is a powerful tool for monitoring and regulating neural activity, which has a wide range of applications in basic neuroscience and the treatment of neurological diseases. Constructing a high-performance electrode–nerve interface is required for the long-term stable detection of neural signals by electrodes. However, conventional neural electrodes are mainly fabricated from rigid materials that do not match the mechanical properties of soft neural tissues, thus limiting the high-quality recording of neuroelectric signals. Meanwhile, graphene-based nanomaterials can form stable electrode–nerve interfaces due to their high conductivity, excellent flexibility, and biocompatibility. In this literature review, we describe various graphene-based electrodes and their potential application in neural activity detection. We also discuss the biological safety of graphene neural electrodes, related challenges, and their prospects.

scholarly journals Textile Polypropylene Allografts and their Postoperative Tissue Reaction in the Surgery of Inguinal Hernia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
Dan Bratu ◽  
Adrian Boicean ◽  
Ciprian Tanasescu ◽  
Ciprian Sofariu ◽  
Alin Mihetiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Hernia Repair ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Inguinal Hernia Repair ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Hernia Recurrence ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Tissue Integration

The usage of prosthetic devices in the surgery of parietal defect is, nowadays, essential for a good abdominal wall recovery and prevention of the hernia recurrence. A good and suitable textile allograft should poses one or more, ideally all, of the following characteristics: pliable, strong, non-allergenic and with perfect tissue integration behavior. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the immediate and long term tissue reaction of different textile allografts used in open surgery of inguinal hernia repair.

The Effects of P75NTR on Learning Memory Mediated by Hippocampal Apoptosis and Synaptic Plasticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Tang ◽  
Shuang Feng ◽  
Xing-Dong Chen ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Min Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
P75 Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

: Neurological diseases bring great mental and physical torture to the patients, and have long-term and sustained negative effects on families and society. The attention to neurological diseases is increasing, and the improvement of the material level is accompanied by an increase in the demand for mental level. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a low-affinity neurotrophin receptor and involved in diverse and pleiotropic effects in the developmental and adult central nervous system (CNS). Since neurological diseases are usually accompanied by the regression of memory, the pathogenesis of p75NTR also activates and inhibits other signaling pathways, which has a serious impact on the learning and memory of patients. The results of studies shown that p75NTR is associated with LTP/LTD-induced synaptic enhancement and inhibition, suggest that p75NTR may be involved in the progression of synaptic plasticity. And its pro-apoptotic effect is associated with activation of proBDNF and inhibition of proNGF, and TrkA/p75NTR imbalance leads to pro-survival or pro-apoptotic phenomena. It can be inferred that p75NTR mediates apoptosis in the hippocampus and amygdale, which may affect learning and memory behavior. This article mainly discusses the relationship between p75NTR and learning memory and associated mechanisms, which may provide some new ideas for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Restoration of cylinder liners for automotive tractors engines in modern conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav A. Denisov ◽  
Aleksandr Yu. Kostyukov ◽  
Roman N. Zadorozhniy
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Operational Load ◽  
Operational Tests ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Cylinder Liners

One of the most promising technologies for restoring machine parts and cylinder liners is electric spark treatment as the most versatile technology that provides high-quality restoration of worn parts with wear up to 0.5 mm. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a technology for restoring various cylinder liners by means of electric spark processing, selecting optimal modes and electrode materials that allow improving the quality of repair and increasing the post-repair life of the sleeve. (Materials and methods) It was taken into account when conducting research aimed at restoring the geometric parameters of the sleeve, that the coating must have sufficient adhesion strength to the surface of the sleeve under mechanical, thermal loads and long-term operation. Laboratory studies of the adhesion strength of electric spark coatings on the separation (adhesive) and on the cut, as well as tribotechnical studies of interfaces were conducted. Authors have found by analyzing the results of operational tests of restored and new cylinder liners the prospects for using electric spark treatment of worn parts, including diesel engine liners. (Results and discussion) It was shown by laboratory studies of the adhesion strength of electric spark coatings with a 0.2 mm thick BrMKc 3-1 electrode to the working surface of cylinder liners that their separation strength (adhesive) was 20-40 megapascals, and the shear strength (cohesive) was 50-80 megapascals. It was found that this provides the required functional strength of coatings with maximum operational load. The article presents the results of comprehensive research in graphs and tables. (Conclusions) The research conducted in the CCP "Nano-Center" of the FSAC VIM and operational tests in the 2nd bus fleet of Moscow confirmed the principal possibility of effectively restoring cast iron liners (blocks) using the technology of electric spark processing.

Interpenetrating Gels as Conducting/Adhering Matrices Enabling High-Performance Silicon Anodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Xia ◽  
Chengfei Xu ◽  
Pengfei Dai ◽  
Xiaoyun Li ◽  
Riming Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Silicon Anodes ◽  
Weak Binding ◽  
Binding Forces

Three-dimensional (3D) conductive polymers are promising conductive matrices for electrode materials toward electrochemical energy storage. However, their fragile nature and weak binding forces with active materials could not guarantee long-term...

The preparations of nanoporous carbon with multi-heteroatoms co-doping from black liquor powders for supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Hao ◽  
Yanjie Yi ◽  
Youming Li ◽  
Yi Hou
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Symmetric Supercapacitor

Abstract A green and economically viable route without any additional activation agents and templates has been developed to synthesize biomass-derived nanoporous carbon for superior electric double-layer capacitors via direct pyrolysis of dried black liquor powders, which is the main waste in pulping and paper-making industry. The resulting carbon materials present hierarchical porosity and moderate specific surface area of 1134  m 2 g − 1 {\text{m}^{2}}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{g}^{-1}} , as well as multi-heteroatoms co-doping such as N, S, Na and K, which exist originally in black liquor. When evaluated as electrode materials for supercapacitors in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte, the-prepared carbon samples deliver a significantly high gravimetric capacitance of 331  F g − 1 \text{F}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{g}^{-1}} at 0.5  A g − 1 \text{A}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{g}^{-1}} in a three-electrode system. Moreover, the fabricated symmetric supercapacitor also possesses a gravimetric capacitance of 211  F g − 1 \text{F}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{g}^{-1}} at 0.5  A g − 1 \text{A}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{g}^{-1}} , with an impressive long-term cycling stability of 92 % capacitance retention after 3000 cycles. This work explores a suitable and scalable approach for mass production of high-performance electrode materials with industrial wastes on the base of cost-efficiency and environment-friendship.

Long-term observations of spontaneous electrical activity of the uterine smooth muscle

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Pregnant Uterus ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Spontaneous Electrical Activity ◽  
Myometrial Cells ◽  
Uterine Smooth Muscle

The spontaneous electrical activity of uterine smooth muscle was rather variable when acute observations were made. Therefore, a series of chronic experiments was performed with implanted electrodes to monitor a group of myometrial cells under different physiological conditions for periods up to eight weeks. The results showed that consistent behavior of myometrial cells could be observed provided similar hormonal status was maintained. Action potentials were rare or absent in myometrium of oophorectomized animals but were caused to appear by estrogen. In the pregnant uterus, action potentials increased both in amplitude and frequency of discharge as parturition approached, reached a peak at that time, and then declined in the postpartum days. The results indicated that in estrogen treatment and in parturition activities of myometrial cells were more synchronous. There was suggestive evidence that there were central impulses initiating activity in the pregnant uterus, and that the responses of the myometrium were affected by the local conditions.

scholarly journals NeuroRoots, a bio-inspired, seamless Brain Machine Interface device for long-term recording

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc D. Ferro ◽  
Christopher M. Proctor ◽  
Alexander Gonzalez ◽  
Eric Zhao ◽  
Andrea Slezia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Brain Machine Interface ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Integrative Level ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMinimally invasive electrodes of cellular scale that approach a bio-integrative level of neural recording could enable the development of scalable brain machine interfaces that stably interface with the same neural populations over long period of time.In this paper, we designed and created NeuroRoots, a bio-mimetic multi-channel implant sharing similar dimension (10µm wide, 1.5µm thick), mechanical flexibility and spatial distribution as axon bundles in the brain. A simple approach of delivery is reported based on the assembly and controllable immobilization of the electrode onto a 35µm microwire shuttle by using capillarity and surface-tension in aqueous solution. Once implanted into targeted regions of the brain, the microwire was retracted leaving NeuroRoots in the biological tissue with minimal surgical footprint and perturbation of existing neural architectures within the tissue. NeuroRoots was implanted using a platform compatible with commercially available electrophysiology rigs and with measurements of interests in behavioral experiments in adult rats freely moving into maze. We demonstrated that NeuroRoots electrodes reliably detected action potentials for at least 7 weeks and the signal amplitude and shape remained relatively constant during long-term implantation.This research represents a step forward in the direction of developing the next generation of seamless brain-machine interface to study and modulate the activities of specific sub-populations of neurons, and to develop therapies for a plethora of neurological diseases.

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