Influences of ambient air PM2.5 concentration and meteorological condition on the indoor PM2.5 concentrations in a residential apartment in Beijing using a new approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Han ◽  
Meng Qi ◽  
Yilin Chen ◽  
Huizhong Shen ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Condition ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5 ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

scholarly journals Characteristics of Indoor PM2.5 Concentration in Gers Using Coal Stoves in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyoung Lim ◽  
Sainnyambuu Myagmarchuluun ◽  
Hyunkyung Ban ◽  
Yunhyung Hwang ◽  
Chimedsuren Ochir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Calibration Equation ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5 ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Coal combustion in ger areas is the main source of ambient air pollution in Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia). This study determined the characteristics of indoor PM2.5 concentrations in gers using coal stoves during winter. The study population consisted of 60 gers in the Chingeltei district of Ulaanbaatar. The indoor particle number concentration (PNC) in each ger was measured using a Dylos DC1700 particle counter for 24 h in January and February 2016. The PNC by Dylos was converted into the mass concentration using a calibration equation developed using a collocated real-time light scattering monitor adjusted by gravimetric measurement. The average 24 h PM2.5 concentration was 203.9 ± 195.1 μg/m3 in gers with traditional stoves (n = 29) and 257.5 ± 204.4 μg/m3 in those with improved stoves (n = 31). In the daily profile, concentrations were lower at night, increased in the early morning, and peaked up to noon. The temperature in gers was slightly higher than that recommended in winter. Many development-assistance programs have supported the installation of improved energy-efficient stoves. Better control measures are needed to improve the indoor air quality of gers.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of SOx, NOx, and Primary Particulate Matter Control Strategies in the Improvement of Ambient PM Concentration in Taiwan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Jiun-Horng Tsai ◽  
Ming-Ye Lee ◽  
Hung-Lung Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) measurement was employed for evaluating the effectiveness of fine particulate matter control strategies in Taiwan. There are three scenarios as follows: (I) the 2014 baseline year emission, (II) 2020 emissions reduced via the Clean Air Act (CAA), and (III) other emissions reduced stringently via the Clean Air Act. Based on the Taiwan Emission Data System (TEDs) 8.1, established in 2014, the emission of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) was 73.5 thousand tons y−1, that of SOx was 121.3 thousand tons y−1, and that of NOx was 404.4 thousand tons y−1 in Taiwan. The CMAQ model simulation indicated that the PM2.5 concentration was 21.9 μg m−3. This could be underestimated by 24% in comparison with data from the ambient air quality monitoring stations of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA). The results of the simulation of the PM2.5 concentration showed high PM2.5 concentrations in central and southwestern Taiwan, especially in Taichung and Kaohsiung. Compared to scenario I, the average annual concentrations of PM2.5 for scenario II and scenario III showed reductions of 20.1% and 28.8%, respectively. From the results derived from the simulation, it can be seen that control of NOx emissions may improve daily airborne PM2.5 concentrations in Taiwan significantly and control of directly emitted PM2.5 emissions may improve airborne PM2.5 concentrations each month. Nevertheless, the results reveal that the preliminary control plan could not achievethe air quality standard. Therefore, the efficacy and effectiveness of the control measures must be considered to better reduce emissions in the future.

scholarly journals A semicontinuous study on the ecotoxicity of atmospheric particles using a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES): development and field characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045
Author(s):  
Xiaona Shang ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Xinlian Zhang ◽  
Huihui Kang ◽  
Guodong Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Saturation Temperature ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Aerosol Concentration ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
High Detection Limit ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Abstract. Oxidative stress can be used to evaluate not only adverse health effects but also adverse ecological effects, but limited research uses eco-toxicological assay to assess the risks posed by particle matters to non-human biomes. One important reason might be that the concentration of toxic components of atmospheric particles is far below the high detection limit of eco-toxic measurement. To solve the rapid detection problem, we extended a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) for ecotoxicity aerosol measurement and firstly used VACES to provide a comparison of ecotoxicity between non-concentrated and concentrated aerosols in ambient air. In this study, the total concentration (number or mass), the concentration of chemical components and the ecotoxicity were all increased by approximately 7 to 10 times in VACES, making the detection of ecotoxicity above the baseline. The comparison of ecotoxicity data and PM2.5 concentration showed that low concentration was not matched with ecotoxicity, although high concentration corresponded to higher ecotoxicity. In addition, the higher saturation temperature in VACES caused a loss of particulate matter, of which nitrate accounted for about 18 %.

Economic Analysis of Residents’ Health Potential Benefits from PM2.5 Reduction Caused by New Ambient Air Quality Standard in Beijing

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3371-3375
Author(s):  
Xiu Teng Wang ◽  
Ya Jing Zhang ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Ling Lin ◽  
Dong Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standard ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

PM2.5 pollution causes great health hazards, which will finally result in much economic loss. In China, it is first time to take PM2.5 as a general limitation factor in the revised version of "Ambient Air Quality Standard". In this work, we take Beijing as investigation objective, choose five kinds of typical health impacts, and make rough economic estimation of the potential benefits from the decrease of PM2.5 concentration through the epidemic-doses model in a quantitative point of view. Assuming the PM2.5 pollution is controlled well and satisfies the requirement of Grade 2 and 1 of new standard, 1681 and 2269 million Yuan will be saved in Beijing considering only health aspects. So it is necessary to take PM2.5 into the new ambient air quality standard as a general indicator, which is overall beneficial for environment and economy.

scholarly journals Exposure Assessment of Environmental Tobacco Aerosol from Heated Tobacco Products: Nicotine and PM Exposures under Two Limited Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8536
Author(s):  
Tomoyasu Hirano ◽  
Tokuaki Shobayashi ◽  
Teiji Takei ◽  
Fumihiko Wakao
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5 ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

It is too early to provide a clear answer on the impact of exposure to the second-hand aerosol of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in the planning of policy for smoke-free indoors legislation. Here, we conducted a preliminary study to evaluate indoor air quality with the use of HTPs. We first measured the concentration of nicotine and particulate matter (PM2.5) in the air following 50 puffs in the use of HTPs or cigarettes in a small shower cubicle. We then measured these concentrations in comparison with the use equivalent of smoking 5.4 cigarettes per hour in a 25 m3 room, as a typical indoor environment test condition. In the shower cubicle test, nicotine concentrations in indoor air using three types of HTP, namely IQOS, glo, and ploomTECH, were 25.9–257 μg/m3. These values all exceed the upper bound of the range of tolerable concentration without health concerns, namely 3 µg/m3. In particular, the indoor PM2.5 concentration of about 300 to 500 μg/m3 using IQOS or glo in the shower cubicle is hazardous. In the 25 m3 room test, in contrast, nicotine concentrations in indoor air with the three types of HTP did not exceed 3 μg/m3. PM2.5 concentrations were below the standard value of 15 μg/m3 per year for IQOS and ploomTECH, but were slightly high for glo, with some measurements exceeding 100 μg/m3. These results do not negate the inclusion of HTPs within a regulatory framework for indoor tolerable use from exposure to HTP aerosol, unlike cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Existing building retrofitting for Indoor PM2.5 Concentration Control on Smog Days: Case study in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 3222-3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Chu ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Zhiwei Yang ◽  
Weilin Li
Keyword(s):  
Existing Building ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5 ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

scholarly journals Health Risk Associated with Near-Road Ambient Air Concentration of Particulate Matter in Mukono Municipal Council, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Edward Kibikyo Mukooza
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

More than 98% of urban centres exceeding 100,000 people in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), do not meet the WHO air quality limits. Data on air pollution from LMICs is scarce. We measured the mean concentrations of near-road PM2.5 in the period of Aug.-Dec. 2020, described the Mukono Municipality’s near-road populations’ exposure to PM2.5, and assessed the associated health risk. PurpleAir PA-II laser particle counters, measured near-road ambient air PM2.5 concentration in Mukono Municipality during the period of 09/1/20 to 12/04/20. Excel Toolpak was used for data analysis and the health risk assessed with the WHO AirQ+ tool. The mean ambient near–road PM2.5 in Mukono Municipality were 30.97, 33.84 and 47.74 ug/m3for background, near-unpaved and near-paved roads, respectively. Mukono Municipality’s population was exposed to ambient PM2.5 concentrations higher than the WHO annual limit of 10 ug/m3. This level of air pollution is associated with preventable annual premature deaths of up to 133.11 per 100,000 population. Vehicles were assumed to be the predominant source of near-road ambient air PM2.5 pollution. The Municipality’s population was exposed to near-road ambient air PM2.5 exceeding the WHO annual limit by as much as *4.7 for the paved roads, *3.3 for the unpaved roads and *3 for the background. This leads to increased risk of preventable premature deaths in the Municipality.Mukono Municipality could monitor PM2.5; guide developers to placebuildings more than 100 meters away from roadsides and should promotepolicies for newer vehicles on Ugandan roads.

scholarly journals Modeling Spatial Distribution and Determinant of PM2.5 at Micro-Level Using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to Inform Sustainable Mobility Policies in Campus Based on Evidence from King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12043
Author(s):  
Alok Tiwari ◽  
Mohammed Aljoufie
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
King Abdulaziz University ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Air pollution is fatal. Fine particles, such as PM2.5, in ambient air might be the cause of many physical and psychological disorders, including cognitive decline. This is why educational policymakers are adopting sustainable mobility, and other policy measures, to make their campuses carbon-neutral; however, car-dependent cities and their university campuses are still lagging behind in this area. This study attempts to model the spatial heterogeneity and determinants of PM2.5 at the King Abdulaziz University campus in Jeddah, which is ranked first among the Saudi Arabian universities, as well as in the MENA region. We developed four OLS and GWR models of different peak and off-peak periods during weekdays in order to estimate the determinants of the PM2.5 concentration. The number of cars, humidity, temperature, windspeed, distance from trees, and construction sites were the estimators in our analysis. Because of a lack of secondary data at a finer scale, we collected the samples of all dependent and independent variables at 51 locations on the KAU campus. Model selection was based on RSS, log-likelihood, adjusted R2, and AICc, and a modal comparison shows that the GWR variant of Model-2 outperformed the other models. The results of the GWR model demonstrate the geographical variability of the PM2.5 concentration on the KAU campus, to which the volume of car traffic is the key contributor. Hence, we recommend using the results of this study to support the development of a car-free and zero-carbon campus at KAU; furthermore, this study could be exploited by other campuses in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf region.

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