PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES TO EXPLORE THE BIOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER AND LITHIUM RESPONSE

Animal toxins and venoms have recently been developed as cancer treatments possessing tumor cell growth-inhibitory, antiangiogenesis, and proapoptotic effects. Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disorder in reproductive-age women, and no definite treatment for this disorder is without severe side effects. As endometriosis and malignant tumors share similar characteristics (progressive, invasive, estrogen-dependent growth, and recurrence), animal toxins and venoms are thought to be effective against endometriosis. The objective of this study was to outline studies using toxic animal-based medicinal materials (TMM) as endometriosis treatment and to explore its clinical applicability. Preclinical and clinical studies using TMM were searched for in four databases from inception to October 2020. A total of 20 studies of TMM on endometriosis were included. In eight clinical studies, herbal medicines containing TMM were effective in relieving symptoms of endometriosis, with no side effects. In twelve experimental studies, the main therapeutic mechanisms of TMM against endometriosis were proapoptotic, antiangiogenesis, estrogen level-reducing, and possible anti-inflammatory effects. TMM are thus considered promising sources for the development of an effective treatment method for endometriosis. Further studies are needed to clarify the therapeutic mechanism of TMM against endometriosis and to provide sufficient grounds for clinical application.

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Pharmacogenomics of Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14040287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

Courtney M. Vecera ◽

Gabriel R. Fries ◽

Lokesh R. Shahani ◽

Jair C. Soares ◽

Rodrigo Machado-Vieira

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Association Studies ◽

Mood Stabilizer ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Lithium Response ◽

Genetic Loading ◽

Long Non Coding Rna

Despite being the most widely studied mood stabilizer, researchers have not confirmed a mechanism for lithium’s therapeutic efficacy in Bipolar Disorder (BD). Pharmacogenomic applications may be clinically useful in the future for identifying lithium-responsive patients and facilitating personalized treatment. Six genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reviewed here present evidence of genetic variations related to lithium responsivity and side effect expression. Variants were found on genes regulating the glutamate system, including GAD-like gene 1 (GADL1) and GRIA2 gene, a mutually-regulated target of lithium. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discovered on SESTD1 may account for lithium’s exceptional ability to permeate cell membranes and mediate autoimmune and renal effects. Studies also corroborated the importance of epigenetics and stress regulation on lithium response, finding variants on long, non-coding RNA genes and associations between response and genetic loading for psychiatric comorbidities. Overall, the precision medicine model of stratifying patients based on phenotype seems to derive genotypic support of a separate clinical subtype of lithium-responsive BD. Results have yet to be expounded upon and should therefore be interpreted with caution.

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Capmatinib for patients with non-small cell lung cancer with MET exon 14 skipping mutations: A review of preclinical and clinical studies

Cancer Treatment Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102173 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102173

Author(s):

Yi-Long Wu ◽

Egbert F. Smit ◽

Todd M. Bauer

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies

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Effects of Curcumin and Its Different Formulations in Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Peripheral Neuropathic and Postoperative Pain: A Comprehensive Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4666

Author(s):

Paramita Basu ◽

Camelia Maier ◽

Arpita Basu

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Postoperative Pain ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Somatosensory System ◽

Positive Outcomes ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Acute Postoperative Pain ◽

Peripheral Neuropathic Pain ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Lesion or disease of the somatosensory system leads to the development of neuropathic pain. Peripheral neuropathic pain encompasses damage or injury of the peripheral nervous system. On the other hand, 10–15% of individuals suffer from acute postoperative pain followed by persistent pain after undergoing surgeries. Antidepressants, anticonvulsants, baclofen, and clonidine are used to treat peripheral neuropathy, whereas opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. The negative effects associated with these drugs emphasize the search for alternative therapeutics with better efficacy and fewer side effects. Curcumin, a polyphenol isolated from the roots of Curcuma longa, possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the low bioavailability and fast metabolism of curcumin have led to the advent of various curcumin formulations. The present review provides a comprehensive analysis on the effects of curcumin and its formulations in preclinical and clinical studies of neuropathic and postoperative pain. Based on the positive outcomes from both preclinical and clinical studies, curcumin holds the promise of mitigating or preventing neuropathic and postoperative pain conditions. However, more clinical studies with improved curcumin formulations are required to involve its use as adjuvant to neuropathic and postoperative drugs.

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Metronomic Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Clinical Experience

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2019/5483791 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Cem Simsek ◽

Ece Esin ◽

Suayib Yalcin

Keyword(s):

Clinical Studies ◽

Lower Cost ◽

Metronomic Chemotherapy ◽

Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽

Cancer Management ◽

The Past ◽

Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽

Treatment Models ◽

Dose Dense ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Metronomic chemotherapy, continuous and dose-dense administration of chemotherapeutic drugs with lowered doses, is being evaluated for substituting, augmenting, or appending conventional maximum tolerated dose regimens, with preclinical and clinical studies for the past few decades. To date, the principle mechanisms of its action include impeding tumoral angiogenesis and modulation of hosts’ immune system, affecting directly tumor cells, their progenitors, and neighboring stromal cells. Its better toxicity profile, lower cost, and easier use are main advantages over conventional therapies. The evidence of metronomic chemotherapy for personalized medicine is growing, starting with unfit elderly patients and also for palliative treatment. The literature reviewed in this article mainly demonstrates that metronomic chemotherapy is advantageous for selected patients and for certain types of malignancies, which make it a promising therapeutic approach for filling in the gaps. More clinical studies are needed to establish a solidified role for metronomic chemotherapy with other treatment models in modern cancer management.

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Cell therapy for lung disease

European Respiratory Review ◽

10.1183/16000617.0044-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (144) ◽

pp. 170044 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Sabine Geiger ◽

Daniela Hirsch ◽

Felix G. Hermann

Keyword(s):

Clinical Studies ◽

Therapeutic Approach ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Cell Therapies ◽

Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Besides cancer and cardiovascular diseases, lung disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. For many disease conditions no effective and curative treatment options are available. Cell therapies offer a novel therapeutic approach due to their inherent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are the most studied cell product. Numerous preclinical studies demonstrate an improvement of disease-associated parameters after MSC administration in several lung disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, results from clinical studies using MSCs for the treatment of various lung diseases indicate that MSC treatment in these patients is safe. In this review we summarise the results of preclinical and clinical studies that indicate that MSCs are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung diseases. Nevertheless, further investigations are required.

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