scholarly journals 70. A PHENOTYPIC PROFILE OF POLYGENIC ADDICTION RISK IN SUBSTANCE NAïVE CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e79
Author(s):  
Alexander Hatoum ◽  
Sarah Paul ◽  
Isabella Hansen ◽  
Nicole Karcher ◽  
Arpana Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Addiction Risk

Arbeitssucht – Ätiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
M. Städele ◽  
S. Poppelreuter
Keyword(s):  
Work Addiction ◽  
Diagnostik Und Therapie ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
Diagnostische Probleme

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zur Arbeitssucht. Neben einer kurzen Eingrenzung des Störungsbildes bzw. der Symptomatik an sich werden diagnostische Probleme und Grenzen diskutiert. Ebenfalls werden zwei Verfahren zur Erfassung von Arbeitssucht vorgestellt: der Work Addiction Risk Test von Robinson und die Skala für Arbeitssucht von Schneider. Außerdem werden Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung von Arbeitssucht aufgezeigt, die sich auf einer individuellen, einer Arbeitgeber- und einer gesamtpolitischen Ebene einordnen lassen.

The influence of aging and estradiol to progesterone ratio on rat macrophage phenotypic profile and NO and TNF-α production

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1243-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Dimitrijević ◽  
Stanislava Stanojević ◽  
Nataša Kuštrimović ◽  
Katarina Mitić ◽  
Vesna Vujić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Tnf Α

scholarly journals Interfollicular epidermal stem-like cells for the recreation of the hair follicle epithelial compartment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla M. Abreu ◽  
Rogério P. Pirraco ◽  
Rui L. Reis ◽  
Mariana T. Cerqueira ◽  
Alexandra P. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Epithelial Compartment ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Background Hair follicle (HF) development and growth are dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (EMIs). Dermal papilla (DP) cells are recognized as the key inductive mesenchymal player, but the ideal source of receptive keratinocytes for human HF regeneration is yet to be defined. We herein investigated whether human interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes with stem-like features (EpSlKCs), characterized by a α6bri/CD71dim expression, can replace human hair follicular keratinocytes (HHFKCs) for the recreation of the HF epithelium and respective EMIs. Methods The α6bri/CD71dim cellular fraction was selected from the whole interfollicular keratinocyte population through fluorescence-activated cell sorting and directly compared with follicular keratinocytes in terms of their proliferative capacity and phenotype. The crosstalk with DP cells was studied in an indirect co-culture system, and EpSlKC hair forming capacity tested in a hair reconstitution assay when combined with DP cells. Results EpSlKCs exhibited a phenotypic profile similar to follicular keratinocytes and were capable of increasing DP cell proliferation and, for short co-culture times, the number of alkaline phosphatase-active cells, suggesting an improvement of their inductivity. Moreover, the recreation of immature HFs and sebaceous glands was observed after EpSlKC and DP cell co-grafting in nude mice. Conclusions Our results suggest that EpSlKCs are akin to follicular keratinocytes and can crosstalk with DP cells, contributing to HF morphogenesis in vivo, thus representing an attractive epithelial cell source for hair regeneration strategies.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant, Including Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing and Quinolone-Resistant, Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry and Domestic Pigs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Zuhura I. Kimera ◽  
Fauster X. Mgaya ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana ◽  
Nyambura Moremi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

We determined the phenotypic profile of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from 698 samples (390 and 308 from poultry and domestic pigs, respectively). In total, 562 Enterobacteria were isolated. About 80.5% of the isolates were E. coli. Occurrence of E. coli was significantly higher among domestic pigs (73.1%) than in poultry (60.5%) (p = 0.000). In both poultry and domestic pigs, E. coli isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (63.5%), nalidixic acid (53.7%), ampicillin (52.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.9%). About 51.6%, 65.3%, and 53.7% of E. coli were MDR, extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and quinolone-resistant, respectively. A total of 68% of the extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers were also resistant to quinolones. For all tested antibiotics, resistance was significantly higher in ESBL-producing and quinolone-resistant isolates than the non-ESBL producers and non-quinolone-resistant E. coli. Eight isolates were resistant to eight classes of antimicrobials. We compared phenotypic with genotypic results of 20 MDR E. coli isolates, ESBL producers, and quinolone-resistant strains and found 80% harbored blaCTX-M, 15% aac(6)-lb-cr, 10% qnrB, and 5% qepA. None harbored TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qnrD. The observed pattern and level of resistance render this portfolio of antibiotics ineffective for their intended use.

scholarly journals Opioid availability statistics from the International Narcotics Control Board do not reflect the medical use of opioids: comparison with sales data from Scandinavia

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Bäckryd ◽  
Markus Heilig ◽  
Mikael Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
Narcotics Control ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Prescription Rates

Abstract Objectives Opioid analgesics are essential in clinical practice, but their excessive use is associated with addiction risk. Increases in opioid prescription rates have fuelled an epidemic of opioid addiction in the USA, making statistics on medical opioid use a critical warning signal. A dramatic 150% increase in Swedish opioid access 2001–2013 was recently reported based on data from the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB; Berterame et al. 2016) in conflict with other studies of opioid use in the Nordic countries. This article aims to analyse to what degree published INCB statistics on opioids in Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) reflect actual medical use and study the methodological reasons for putative discrepancies. Methods Data on aggregated total national sales of opioids for the whole population, including hospitals, were collected from the Swedish e-Health Authority. Total sales data for Denmark and drugs dispensed at pharmacies in Norway are publicly available through the relevant authorities’ websites. Results INCB opioid statistics during the period 2001–2013 were markedly inconsistent with sales data from Scandinavia, calling the reliability of INCB data into question. INCB-data were flawed by (a) over-representing the volume of fentanyl, (b) under-reporting of codeine, and (c) by not including tramadol. Conclusions Opioid availability, as expressed by INCB statistics, does not reflect medical opioid use. It is crucial to underline that INCB statistics are based on the manual compilation of national production, import and export data from manufacturers and drug companies. This is not the same amount that is prescribed and consumed within the health care system. Moreover, there are methodological problems in the INCB reports, in particular concerning fentanyl, codeine and tramadol. We suggest that INCB should carefully review the quality of their data on medical opioids.

575 Regression by hetIL-15 monotherapy in different mouse breast cancer models correlates with intratumoral infiltration of a novel population of dendritic cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A609-A609
Author(s):  
Sevasti Karaliota ◽  
Dimitris Stellas ◽  
Vasiliki Stravokefalou ◽  
Bethany Nagy ◽  
Cristina Bergamaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Tumor Infiltration ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Conventional Type

BackgroundIL-15 is a cytokine which stimulates the proliferation and cytotoxic function of CD8+ T and NK cells. We have produced and applied the native heterodimeric IL-15 (hetIL-15) on several preclinical models, which have supported the anti-tumor activity of hetIL-15. Based on these results, hetIL-15 has advanced to clinical trials. The objectives of this study were to explore how hetIL-15 shapes the tumor microenviroment and to characterize the interactions between tumor-infiltrating lymphoid and myeloid cells.MethodsWe studied the efficacy of locoregional administration of heterodimeric IL-15 (hetIL-15) in two different orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse models, syngeneic for C57BL/6 and Balb/c, respectively. The effects of hetIL-15 on immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene expression profiling. The profile of the novel infiltrated dendritic cell populations was further explored by bulk and single cell RNAseq.Results hetIL-15 resulted in tumor eradication in 40% of treated mice and reduction of metastasis. Subsequent rechallenges with the same cell line failed to generate tumor regrowth, suggesting the development of immunological memory in hetIL-15 treated mice. hetIL-15 promoted tumor accumulation of proliferating and cytotoxic CD8+ T and NK cells. Additionally, peritumoral hetIL-15 administration resulted in an increased tumor infiltration of both conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) and of a novel DC population found only in the hetIL-15 treated animals. Phenotypic profile analysis confirmed the expression of several cDC1 specific markers, including CD103 and IRF8 on this DC population.Transcriptomics and flow analysis of intratumoral dendritic cells indicate that the new hetIL-15 induced cells reside preferentially in the tumors and are distinct from cDC1 and cDC2 populations. Both cDC1s and the novel DC population were inversely correlated with the tumor size.ConclusionsLocoregional administration of hetIL-15 results in complete eradication of EO771 and significant reduction of 4T1 primary breast cancer tumors, prolonged survival and long-lasting specific anti-tumor immunity. hetIL-15 increases the tumor infiltration of activated T and NK cells and intensifies the tumor infiltration of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) and a new population of dendritic cells. We propose that the anti-cancer activity of hetIL-15 in primary EO771 tumors is orchestrated by the interplay of NK, CD8+T cells, cDC1 and a novel subset of DCs with a distinct phenotypic profile. These findings suggest a role for hetIL-15 in the treatment of breast cancer.Ethics ApprovalThe study was approved by the National Cancer Institute-Frederick Animal Care and Use Committee, approval number 19–324 and was conducted in accordance with the ACUC guidelines and the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

Particular phenotypic profile of blood lymphocytes during obliterative bronchiolitis syndrome following lung transplantation

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle Fattal-German ◽  
Irène Frachon ◽  
Jacques Cerrina ◽  
François Le Roy Ladurie ◽  
Florence Lecerf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Obliterative Bronchiolitis ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes

scholarly journals Genetic susceptibility of opioid receptor genes polymorphism to drug addiction: A candidate-gene association study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laith N. AL-Eitan ◽  
Doaa M. Rababa’h ◽  
Mansour A. Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Candidate Gene Association Study ◽  
Candidate Gene Association ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
Arab Descent ◽  
Gene Association Study

Abstract Background Like other complex diseases including drug addiction, genetic factors can interfere with the disease. In this study, three opioid genes (OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1) were examined for an association with drug addiction among Jordanian males. Methods The study involved 498 addicts, in addition to 496 healthy controls and all from Arab descent. Results The findings in this study showed that rs1799971 of the OPRM1 gene was in association with drug addiction for both alleles and genotypes with P-values = 0.002 and 0.01, respectively. In addition, a significant association between the dominant model (A/A vs G/A-G/G) of rs1799971 (OPRM1) and drug addiction (P-value = 0.003, OR = 1.59 (1.17–2.15)) was detected. Moreover, a genetic haplotype (AGGGCGACCCC) of theOPRM1 gene revealed a significant association with drug addiction (P-value = 0.01, OR = 1.56 (1.15–2.12)). We also found that the age of addicts, smoking, and marital status with genetic variants within OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1 genes may be implicated in drug addiction risk. Conclusion We propose that rs1799971 of the OPRM1gene is a genetic risk factor for drug addiction among Jordanian males.

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