P.0894 Reducing between-subject variability of motor evoked potential's amplitude: neuronavigation vs normalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. S656-S657
Author(s):  
F. Faro Viana ◽  
G. Cotovio ◽  
D. Silva ◽  
C. Seybert ◽  
C. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subject Variability

The Effects of Presentation of Noise and Dental Appliances on Speech

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon R. Garber ◽  
T. Michael Speidel ◽  
Gerald M. Siegel ◽  
Edward Miller ◽  
Lillian Glass
Keyword(s):  
Speech Task ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Intense Noise ◽  
Made In ◽  
Normal Speaking

The effects of dental appliances on speech were studied when subjects wore the appliances, both in quiet and in the presence of an intense noise. A group of 24 normal-speaking subjects read lists of syllables, words, and sentences and spoke spontaneously in each of six appliance and noise conditions. Several acoustic and perceptual measurements were made in each condition. In general, speech deteriorated when appliances were placed and when noise was presented. The type and amount of speech disruption varied as a function of speech task and aspect of speech. There was no evidence that the effects of appliances on speech differed in quiet and noise conditions. Inter-subject variability was large.

Within-Subject Variability in Ingratiation as a Function of Self-Esteem and Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-226
Author(s):  
Katharina Schmitte ◽  
Bert Schreurs ◽  
Mien Segers ◽  
I. M. “Jim” Jawahar
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Random Coefficient ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Authority Figure ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Within Subject Variability

Abstract. Adopting a within-person perspective, we theorize why ingratiation use directed toward an authority figure increases over time and for whom. We posit that as the appraisal event draws closer, the salience of achieving good evaluations increases, leading to an increasing use of ingratiation. We further propose that the increase will be stronger for individuals with low relative to high self-esteem. Participants were 349 students enrolled in a small-group, tutor-led management course. Data were collected in three bi-weekly waves and analyzed using random coefficient modeling. Results show that ingratiation use increased as time to the evaluation decreased, and low self-esteem students ingratiated more as time progressed. We conclude that ingratiation use varies as a function of contextual and inter-individual differences.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Multi-Location External Workload Profile in the Most Common Movements in Basketball

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3441
Author(s):  
Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona ◽  
Sebastián Feu ◽  
José Pino-Ortega ◽  
Sergio J. Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Eta Squared ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Linear Movement

The present study analyzed the multi-location external workload profile in basketball players using a previously validated test battery and compared the demands among anatomical locations. A basketball team comprising 13 semi-professional male players was evaluated in five tests (abilities/skills/tests): (a) aerobic, linear movement, 30-15 IFT; (b) lactic anaerobic, acceleration and deceleration, 16.25 m RSA (c) alactic anaerobic, curvilinear movement, 6.75 m arc (d) elastic, jump, Abalakov test (e) physical-conditioning, small-sided game, 10’ 3 vs.3 10 × 15 m. PlayerLoadRT was evaluated at six anatomical locations simultaneously (interscapular line, lumbar region, knees and ankles) by six WIMU PROTM inertial devices attached to the player using an ad hoc integral suit. Statistical analysis was composed of an ANOVA of repeated measures and partial eta squared effect sizes. Significant differences among anatomical locations were found in all tests with higher values in the location nearer to ground contact (p < 0.01). However, differences between lower limb locations were only found in curvilinear movements, with a higher workload in the outside leg (p < 0.01). Additionally, high between-subject variability was found in team players, especially at lower limb locations. In conclusion, multi-location evaluation in sports movements will make it possible to establish an individual external workload profile and design specific strategies for training and injury prevention programs.

scholarly journals The generalizability crisis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Tal Yarkoni
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Replication Crisis

Abstract Most theories and hypotheses in psychology are verbal in nature, yet their evaluation overwhelmingly relies on inferential statistical procedures. The validity of the move from qualitative to quantitative analysis depends on the verbal and statistical expressions of a hypothesis being closely aligned—that is, that the two must refer to roughly the same set of hypothetical observations. Here I argue that many applications of statistical inference in psychology fail to meet this basic condition. Focusing on the most widely used class of model in psychology—the linear mixed model—I explore the consequences of failing to statistically operationalize verbal hypotheses in a way that respects researchers' actual generalization intentions. I demonstrate that whereas the "random effect" formalism is used pervasively in psychology to model inter-subject variability, few researchers accord the same treatment to other variables they clearly intend to generalize over (e.g., stimuli, tasks, or research sites). The under-specification of random effects imposes far stronger constraints on the generalizability of results than most researchers appreciate. Ignoring these constraints can dramatically inflate false positive rates, and often leads researchers to draw sweeping verbal generalizations that lack a meaningful connection to the statistical quantities they are putatively based on. I argue that failure to take the alignment between verbal and statistical expressions seriously lies at the heart of many of psychology's ongoing problems (e.g., the replication crisis), and conclude with a discussion of several potential avenues for improvement.

scholarly journals Determining the optimal pulse number for theta burst induced change in cortical excitability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. McCalley ◽  
Daniel H. Lench ◽  
Jade D. Doolittle ◽  
Julia P. Imperatore ◽  
Michaela Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Pulse Number ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Theta Burst

AbstractTheta-burst stimulation (TBS) is a form of non-invasive neuromodulation which is delivered in an intermittent (iTBS) or continuous (cTBS) manner. Although 600 pulses is the most common dose, the goal of these experiments was to evaluate the effect of higher per-dose pulse numbers on cortical excitability. Sixty individuals were recruited for 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, participants received 600, 1200, 1800, or sham (600) iTBS (4 visits, counterbalanced, left motor cortex, 80% active threshold). In Experiment 2, participants received 600, 1200, 1800, 3600, or sham (600) cTBS (5 visits, counterbalanced). Motor evoked potentials (MEP) were measured in 10-min increments for 60 min. For iTBS, there was a significant interaction between dose and time (F = 3.8296, p = 0.01), driven by iTBS (1200) which decreased excitability for up to 50 min (t = 3.1267, p = 0.001). For cTBS, there was no overall interaction between dose and time (F = 1.1513, p = 0.33). Relative to sham, cTBS (3600) increased excitability for up to 60 min (t = 2.0880, p = 0.04). There were no other significant effects of dose relative to sham in either experiment. Secondary analyses revealed high within and between subject variability. These results suggest that iTBS (1200) and cTBS (3600) are, respectively, the most effective doses for decreasing and increasing cortical excitability.

scholarly journals Importance of between and within Subject Variability in Extracellular Vesicle Abundance and Cargo when Performing Biomarker Analyses

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Newman ◽  
Alia Fahmy ◽  
Michael J. Sorich ◽  
Oliver G. Best ◽  
Andrew Rowland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Within Subject Variability

Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) have emerged as a potential rich source of biomarkers in human blood and present the intriguing potential for a ‘liquid biopsy’ to track disease and the effectiveness of interventions. Recently, we have further demonstrated the potential for EV derived biomarkers to account for variability in drug exposure. This study sought to evaluate the variability in abundance and cargo of global and liver-specific circulating sEV, within (diurnal) and between individuals in a cohort of healthy subjects (n = 10). We present normal ranges for EV concentration and size and expression of generic EV protein markers and the liver-specific asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) in samples collected in the morning and afternoon. EV abundance and cargo was generally not affected by fasting, except CD9 which exhibited a statistically significant increase (p = 0.018). Diurnal variability was observed in the expression of CD81 and ASGR1, which significantly decreased (p = 0.011) and increased (p = 0.009), respectively. These results have potential implications for study sampling protocols and normalisation of biomarker data when considering the expression of sEV derived cargo as a biomarker strategy. Specifically, the novel finding that liver-specific EVs exhibit diurnal variability in healthy subjects should have broad implications in the study of drug metabolism and development of minimally invasive biomarkers for liver disease.

Degeneracy in neural systems revealed by inter-subject variability in normal and abnormal activation patterns

NeuroImage ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
C.J. Price ◽  
C.J. Mummery ◽  
R. Vandenberghe ◽  
R.S.J. Frackowiak ◽  
K.J. Friston
Keyword(s):  
Neural Systems ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Subject Variability

scholarly journals In VivoSpinal Posture during Upright and Reclined Sitting in an Office Chair

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Zemp ◽  
William R. Taylor ◽  
Silvio Lorenzetti
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Dynamic Seating ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Back Problems ◽  
Office Chair

Increasing numbers of people spend the majority of their working lives seated in an office chair. Musculoskeletal disorders, in particular low back pain, resulting from prolonged static sitting are ubiquitous, but regularly changing sitting position throughout the day is thought to reduce back problems. Nearly all currently available office chairs offer the possibility to alter the backrest reclination angles, but the influence of changing seating positions on the spinal column remains unknown. In an attempt to better understand the potential to adjust or correct spine posture using adjustable seating, five healthy subjects were analysed in an upright and reclined sitting position conducted in an open, upright MRI scanner. The shape of the spine, as described using the vertebral bodies’ coordinates, wedge angles, and curvature angles, showed high inter-subject variability between the two seating positions. The mean lumbar, thoracic, and cervical curvature angles were29±15°,-29±4°, and13±8° for the upright and33±12°,-31±7°, and7±7° for the reclined sitting positions. Thus, a wide range of seating adaptation is possible through modification of chair posture, and dynamic seating options may therefore provide a key feature in reducing or even preventing back pain caused by prolonged static sitting.

Real-Ear-to-Coupler Difference Predictions as a Function of Age for Two Coupling Procedures

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene P. Bagatto ◽  
Susan D. Scollie ◽  
Richard C. Seewald ◽  
K. Shane Moodie ◽  
Brenda M. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The predicted real-ear-to-coupler difference (RECD) values currently used in pediatric hearing instrument prescription methods are based on 12-month age range categories and were derived from measures using standard acoustic immittance probe tips. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to develop normative RECD predicted values for foam/acoustic immittance tips and custom earmolds across the age continuum. To this end, RECD data were collected on 392 infants and children (141 with acoustic immittance tips, 251 with earmolds) to develop normative regression equations for use in deriving continuous age predictions of RECDs for foam/acoustic immittance tips and earmolds. Owing to the substantial between-subject variability observed in the data, the predictive equations of RECDs by age (in months) resulted in only gross estimates of RECD values (i.e., within ± 4.4 dB for 95% of acoustic immittance tip measures; within ± 5.4 dB in 95% of measures with custom ear molds) across frequency. Thus, it is concluded that the estimates derived from this study should not be used to replace the more precise individual RECD measurements. Relative to previously available normative RECD values for infants and young children, however, the estimates derived through this study provide somewhat more accurate predicted values for use under those circumstances for which individual RECD measurements cannot be made.

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