Temporal association of onset of daily smoking with adolescent substance use and psychiatric morbidity

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Ilomäki ◽  
Kaisa Riala ◽  
Helinä Hakko ◽  
Jaakko Lappalainen ◽  
Taru Ollinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

AbstractObjectiveThe association between cigarette smoking and psychiatric disorders is well established for adult populations. However, only limited number of studies has investigated whether the young onset age of daily smoking (DS) among adolescents is associated with psychiatric morbidity and vice versa.MethodsData from 508 adolescents admitted to psychiatric hospitalization were collected. Cox proportional hazard model were used to compare the initiation of DS between adolescents with and without substance use (SUD), and other psychiatric disorders.ResultsRates of DS were high in each diagnostic category. Boys started smoking at younger age (mean 12.4 years) than girls (13.0 years). Both boys and girls diagnosed with conduct or oppositional defiant disorders (COD) and also girls with SUD started daily smoking earlier as compared to those of same gender without these disorders.COD were found to be primary to the initiation of DS among boys. SUD, psychotic, and depressive disorders (DEP) were found to be secondary to DS among both genders.ConclusionsDS in adolescence is related with later SUD. COD are associated with subsequent initiation of DS among boys. The temporal gap between smoking initiation and COD is shorter among girls. Gender difference plays a role in association of DS and DEP. Initiation of DS at very early age should alert health care professionals of development of later psychopathology, especially SUD.

scholarly journals Substance use and psychiatric disorders in patients referred to consultation-liaison psychiatry within a regional general hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Tucker ◽  
Harry Hill ◽  
Emma Nicholson ◽  
Steven Moylan
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Consultation Liaison Psychiatry

Abstract Little is known about clinically important differences between patients depending on the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders, or the presence or absence of a substance use disorder (SUD) comorbidity. This study investigated for differences in psychosocial disadvantage, psychiatric disorders, and health service amongst 194 general hospital patients referred to consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) with no psychiatric diagnosis, single psychiatric diagnosis, multiple (non-SUD) psychiatric diagnoses, or psychiatric diagnosis plus SUD comorbidity. The results showed that SUDs were the commonest diagnostic category (34%). The SUD comorbidity group had more disadvantaged housing, were prescribed most psychoactive medications, and 20% prematurely self-discharged against medical advice. Increased SUDs were associated with reduced length of stay, men, younger age, increased investigations, and reduced private health insurance subscription. Patients with SUD comorbidity versus multiple psychiatric diagnosis had reduced odds of Adjustment Disorder, Somatic Symptom Disorder, and Insomnia Disorder. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder was the strongest predictor of multiple SUDs, followed by Cluster B personality disorders. In conclusion, SUDs have become a leading clinical focus for CLP. The presence or absence of SUDs amongst patients with multiple psychiatric disorders has important clinical implications for engagement, diagnosis, prescribing, and outpatient follow-up.

Stress and psychiatric disorder in rural Punjab

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Mumford ◽  
Khalid Saeed ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmad ◽  
Shazia Latif ◽  
Malik H. Mubbashar
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

BackgroundThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders in rural Punjab is unknown. Previous studies in rural areas elsewhere in the Indian subcontinent have yielded widely differing estimates.MethodFirst-stage screening of a village near Gujar Khan used the Bradford Somatic Inventory and Self Reporting Questionnaire. Psychiatric interviews were conducted with stratified samples using the ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research.ResultsIt is estimated that 66% of women and 25% of men suffered from anxiety and depressive disorders. Levels of emotional distress increased with age in both genders. Women living in unitary households reported more distress than those living in extended or joint families. With younger men and women, lower levels of education were associated with greater risk of psychiatric disorders. Social disadvantage was associated with more emotional distress.ConclusionsThis study in rural Punjab confirms the findings of a previous study in Chitral, northern Pakistan, of high levels of emotional distress and psychiatric morbidity among women in rural areas of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in young people aged 13–15 years: results from the Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boys ◽  
M. Farrell ◽  
C. Taylor ◽  
J. Marsden ◽  
R. Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundPsychoactive substance use is strongly associated with psychiatric morbidity in both adults and adolescents.AimsTo determine which of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis is most closely linked to psychiatric disorders in early adolescence.MethodData from 2624 adolescents aged 13–15 years were drawn from a national mental health survey of children. The relationship between psychiatric morbidity and smoking, drinking and cannabis use was examined by logistic regression analyses.ResultsHaving a psychiatric disorder was associated with an increased risk of substance use. Greater involvement with any one substance increased the risk of other substance use. Analyses of the interactions between smoking, drinking and cannabis use indicated that the relationship between substance use and psychiatric morbidity was primarily explained by regular smoking and (to a lesser extent) regular cannabis use.ConclusionsIn this sample, links between substance use and psychiatric disorders were primarily accounted for by smoking. The strong relationship is likely to be due to a combination of underlying individual constitutional factors and drug-specific effects resulting from consumption over the period of adolescent development and growth.

Psychiatric disorders among the elderly on non-psychiatric wards in an African setting

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noeline Nakasujja ◽  
Seggane Musisi ◽  
James Walugembe ◽  
Daphne Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Background: The elderly are vulnerable to illness and particularly to psychiatric illness. Many mentally ill elderly patients end up on non-psychiatric wards owing to somatization of their illnesses. Even for these patients, a psychiatric diagnosis may not be made. The literature on the elderly in Uganda is very scanty. This study aims to establish the prevalence and factors associated with psychiatric disorders among elderly patients admitted to non-psychiatric wards.Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study of 127 consenting elderly patients. They were administered a standardized questionnaire comprising the Self Reporting Questionnaire 25, the Mini-mental State Examination and the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV. Study variables included socio-demographic characteristics, physical illnesses, psychiatric disorders and the treatment given.Results: The rate of psychiatric morbidity was 48%. The sex ratio was 1:1; however, women had a higher rate of psychiatric illness than men, 54.6% and 41.3% respectively. Being widowed or separated and having cancer were associated with SRQ > 5, p = 0.02 and p = 0.04 respectively. Depressive disorders were the most common at 25.2% and were more common in women. Increasing age was associated with dementia (p < 0.00).Conclusion: There is a high rate of psychiatric morbidity among the elderly in Uganda. Particular attention should be given to the psychological health of elderly people admitted to general hospitals.

scholarly journals Transdiagnostic Neural Signatures in common Pediatric Psychiatric Disorders: a data-driven meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules R Dugre ◽  
Simon Eickhoff ◽  
Stephane Potvin
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
Neural Signatures

BACKGROUND. In the last decades, neuroimaging studies have attempted to unveil the neurobiological markers underlying pediatric psychiatric disorders. However, children diagnosed with such disorders are likely to receive an additional diagnosis in the following years. Yet, the vast majority of neuroimaging studies focus on a single nosological category, which limit our understanding of the shared/specific neural correlates between these disorders. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the transdiagnostic neural signatures through a novel meta-analytical method. METHOD. A data-driven meta-analysis was carried out which grouped similar experiments topographic map together, irrespectively of nosological categories and task-characteristics. Then, activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis was performed on each group of experiments to extract spatially convergent brain regions. RESULTS. One hundred forty-seven experiments were retrieved (3199 subjects): 79 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 32 conduct/oppositional defiant disorder, 14 anxiety disorders, 22 major depressive disorders. Four significant groups of experiments were observed. Functional characterization suggested that these groups of aberrant brain regions may be implicated internally/externally directed processes, attentional control of affect, somato-motor and visual processes. Furthermore, despite that some differences in rates of studies involving major depressive disorders were noticed, nosological categories were evenly distributed between these four sets of regions. Additionally, main effects of task characteristics were observed. CONCLUSIONS. By using a data-driven meta-analytic method, we observed four significant groups of aberrant brain regions that may reflect transdiagnostic neural signature of pediatric psychiatric disorders. Overall, results of this study underscore the importance of studying pediatric psychiatric disorders simultaneously rather than independently.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Demographic Characteristics and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents With Substance Use Disorder in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Seyed Kaveh Hojjat ◽  
Ali Khaleghi ◽  
Zahra Hooshyari ◽  
Seyed-Ali Mostafavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Iranian Children

Abstract Background: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of substance use disorder in Iranian children and adolescents and its relationship with demographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidities.Method: The data were taken from a national survey on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents. The national survey was conducted on 30,532 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. The psychiatric disorders were assessed by employing k-SADS-PL questionnaire and interviews carried out by 240 clinical psychologists with the participants and their parents. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test and logistic regression.Results: A total of 277 (0.97%) were diagnosed as people with substance use disorder which were further studied for comorbid disorders. Among the various types of drugs, hypnotic / sedative / anti-anxiety drugs were abused by 84 people (46.15%), cannabis by 68 (37.36%) and stimulants by 43 (23.63%). The variables of gender, place of residence, and father’s occupation and parents’ education level were identified as predictors of substance use disorder in children and adolescents. At the same time, 42.50% substances and alcohol abusing people had at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder and the highest Comorbidity was observed in oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and separation anxiety disorder (p≤0.05). Conclusions: The findings can be used in the prevention and treatment of substance use disorder and promotion of mental health in children and adolescents by focusing on the psychiatric comorbidities of people with substance use disorder.

Adolescent Substance Use and Co-Occurring Disorders

2016 ◽  
pp. 530-552
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Wilson ◽  
Megan Janoff
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescents with substance use disorders (SUDs) have the highest proportion of co-occurring psychiatric disorders (CODs) compared to other age cohorts. Externalizing psychiatric disorders, such as conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention-deficit disorders, are most commonly associated with adolescent SUDs compared to older adults with SUD. The developmental psychopathology of SUD is reviewed. Categories of COD are reviewed, in turn, beginning with externalizing or disruptive behavior disorders. Disruptive behavior disorders are critical to the developmental psychopathology of adolescent SUD. Studies of co-occurring depressive and bipolar disorders are then considered in detail, examining the relationship between SUD and these particular CODs. Finally, the relationships between anxiety, thought, eating and personality disorders, and adolescent SUD are examined.

scholarly journals Lifetime risk and persistence of psychiatric disorders across ethnic groups in the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSHUA BRESLAU ◽  
KENNETH S. KENDLER ◽  
MAXWELL SU ◽  
SERGIO GAXIOLA-AGUILAR ◽  
RONALD C. KESSLER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups

Background. Recent research in the United States has demonstrated striking health disparities across ethnic groups. Despite a longstanding interest in ethnic disadvantage in psychiatric epidemiology, patterns of psychiatric morbidity across ethnic groups have never been examined in a nationally representative sample.Method. Ethnic differences in psychiatric morbidity are analyzed using data from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS). The three largest ethnic groups in the United States – Hispanics, Non-Hispanic Blacks and Non-Hispanic Whites – were compared with respect to lifetime risk and persistence of three categories of psychiatric disorder: mood disorder, anxiety disorder, and substance use disorder.Results. Where differences across ethnic groups were found in lifetime risk, socially disadvantaged groups had lower risk. Relative to Non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics had lower lifetime risk of substance use disorder and Non-Hispanic Blacks had lower lifetime risk of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. Where differences were found in persistence of disorders, disadvantaged groups had higher risk. Hispanics with mood disorders were more likely to be persistently ill as were Non-Hispanic Blacks with respect to both mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Closer examination found these differences to be generally consistent across population subgroups.Conclusions. Members of disadvantaged ethnic groups in the United States do not have an increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Members of these groups, however, do tend to have more persistent disorders. Future research should focus on explanations for these findings, including the possibility that these comparisons are biased, and on potential means of reducing the disparity in persistence of disorders across ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Pattern of psychiatric morbidity in pediatric outpatient department

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jesmin Akhter ◽  
Md Azizul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Muntasir Maruf ◽  
Tania Binte Gofur
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Mental health in child and adolescents is an essential component of overall health. Disturbed children are more likely to be disturbed adults. Therefore, early detection and treatment is important to decrease the long term disability. The objective of the study was to determine the morbidity pattern of psychiatric disorders among patients of pediatric outpatient department of tertiary level hospitals. This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2012 to February 2013 in pediatric outpatient department of three prime tertiary level hospitals of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Purposive sampling technique was used and sample size was 240. A Semi- structured questionnaire containing socio-demographic and other relevant clinical information and the parent version of Development and Well Being Assessment (DAWBA) were applied. The results showed that most (70.8%) of the respondents were of 5 to 10 years’ age group with a male preponderance (54.2%). Out of 240 respondents, 44 (18.3%) were found with psychiatric morbidity. Categorically emotional disorder was 14.6%, behavioral disorder was 9.2% and developmental disorder was 0.4%. Hyperkinetic disorder (5.4%) and Oppositional defiant disorder (2.9%) were the most frequent diagnoses, followed by Obsessive compulsive disorder (2.5%). 29.5% of psychiatric cases were associated with other comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Respondents with minor physical illness were mostly found with psychiatric morbidity (43.2%). Multiple patterns of psychiatric disorders were identified among the respondents. Therefore, the need to step up to the clinical and referral approaches is imperative to this special segment of children of our society. Bang J Psychiatry June 2017; 31(1): 1-6

scholarly journals Psychiatric Disorders among Suicidal Behavior Patients Attending Mental Health Facilities: A Descriptive Crosssectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Md Shahedul Islam ◽  
Sk Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md Mosharul Haque ◽  
Niaz Mohammad Khan ◽  
Md Harun Ar Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Suicidal Attempt ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. This is the first study in Bangladesh to find out the psychiatric morbidity profile and suicidal behavior. The study was aimed to delineate the types of suicidal behavior and the psychiatric morbidity profile, and sociodemographic status of patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Depatrment of Psychiatry, Cumilla Medical College, Cumilla from October 2015 to March 2017. A total 120 patient aged 9 to 40 years who fulfilled the enrolment criteria included in the study. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) module was used to assess the suicidal behavior. DSM-5 was used to diagnose the psychiatric disorders. Semi structural questionnaire were used for collecting information about the risk factors for psychiatric morbidity and sociodemographic information. Result: Of 120 suicidal behavior patients’ psychiatric disorders was 65%. Among suicidal behavior patients neurotic disorders was 19%, psychotic disorders was 15%, personality disorders was 39% and others disorder was 27%. Among 78 psychiatric patients borderline personality disorder was 25.64%, adjustment disorders were 15.38%, mood disorders were 11.53%, psychotic disorder was 7.69%, multiple personality disorder and oppositional defiant disorder were 6.42%, hystrionic personality disorder and substance use disorder were 3.84%, antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder and anxiety disorder were 2.57%, and composite disorder was 11.53%. Among suicidal behavior in psychiatric patients suicidal ideation was 54, suicidal plan was 13, suicidal attempt was 45 , ideators only proceeded to plan was 17, ideation to attempt was 59. Among suicidal behavior in total 120 participants suicidal ideation was 84, suicidal plan was 19, suicidal attempt was 56, ideators only proceeded to plan was 26, ideation to attempt was 76, planned attempt was 14 and impulsive attempt was 62. Most of the suicidal behavior participants were female (77.5%) and age group of <24 years (60%). Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders are important risk factors for the onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour, with this risk being the greatest in childhood, and early adult. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(3): 130-134

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