Perfectionism, a Transdiagnostic Construct In Eating Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S431-S431 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rodriguez Cano ◽  
L. Beato Fernandez ◽  
B. Mata Saenz ◽  
L. Rojo Moreno ◽  
F.J. Vaz Leal
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Eating Psychopathology ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionPerfectionism is considered a multidimensional key risk factor for Eating Disorders (EDs). There are discrepancies regarding if it is mainly associated to Anorexia nervosa (AN) but not to other EDs.ObjectivesTo study if Perfectionism is not only related with AN, but it is present in all EDs and associated with more transdiagnostic attitudes and behaviors.AimsTo see if there were significant differences among EDs subgroups concerning Perfectionism and to study which abnormal eating attitudes were more associated with this trait.MethodsParticipants were 151 outpatients with EDs. DSM-IVTR diagnoses were: 44 (29.1%) Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 55 (36.4%) Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and 52 (34.4%) Eating Disorders not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS). Perfectionism was assessed with the Edinburg Investigatory Test (EDI-2) subscale; general psychopathology with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (RSE). Eating psychopathology was measured with the Bulimic Investigatory Test (BITE), Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40), EDI-2 and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ).ResultsNo significant differences were found regarding Perfectionism among the three groups. Body dissatisfaction was the variable most associated with Perfectionism (β = 0.330, F = 14.2, P < 0.001, 10.9% of the variance) adjusting for general and eating psychopathology. Ascetism and Interoceptive awareness were the EDI-2 subscales most associated with Perfectionism.ConclusionsThe findings confirm that Perfectionism is present in all EDs and there is a relationship between body dissatisfaction and Perfectionism. Interplay has been suggested between these two factors for the development of EDs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The relationship of perfectionism with changes in body dissatisfaction in eating disorders treatment outcome

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S166-S166
Author(s):  
T. Rodriguez Cano ◽  
L. Beato Fernandez ◽  
B. Mata Saenz ◽  
L. Rojo Moreno ◽  
F.J. Vaz Leal
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Core ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
One Year

IntroductionBody dissatisfaction is one of the core psychopathological components in Eating Disorders (EDs) and it tends to persist over time regardless treatment interventions. Perfectionism is considered as a mediator and moderator between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating.ObjectivesTo study the influence of Perfectionism in EDs outcome.AimsTo analyze changes in body dissatisfaction at one year follow-up in patients with eating disorders and the effect of perfectionism over these changes.MethodsParticipants were 151 patients with eating disorders. DSM-IVTR diagnoses were as follows: 44 (29.1%) Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 55 (36.4%) Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and 52 (34.4%) Eating Disorders no Otherwise Specified (EDNOS). Perfectionism was assessed with the Edinburg Investigatory Test (EDI-2). The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was also distributed. One year after the beginning of their treatment, patients were reassessed.ResultsPatients with BN showed significantly higher scores on BSQ than those with AN. There was a significant improvement in BSQ after one year of treatment regardless the diagnostic (repeated measures ANOVA: F 8.4, P<.01). Perfectionism was a co-variable that influenced in those changes.ConclusionsThe results confirm the interaction between perfectionism and body dissatisfaction in the treatment outcome of EDs. It has been described an interplay between Perfectionism, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes and behaviours, being Perfectionism a moderator factor. The results highlight the need of dealing not only with the core symptoms of EDs, but also with the moderator factors such as Perfectionism to enhance the outcome.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Is There Any Relationship Between Body Image Perception, Eating Disorders, and Muscle Dysmorphic Disorders in Male Bodybuilders?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1746-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslı Devrim ◽  
Pelin Bilgic ◽  
Nobuko Hongu
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Muscle Dysmorphia ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Eating Attitude Test ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
The Relationship

Bodybuilding has increasingly become popular between males since male body shape has become a subject of interest in the last decades. Bodybuilders have desired to gain more muscle and paid attention to their body shape. Based on this purpose, they have string rules that include restrictive eating and excessive exercise program. Recent research has demonstrated that desiring more muscular body shape exhibits eating behavior problems and body dissatisfaction issues in bodybuilders. Limited research exists on the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in male bodybuilders. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between body image disturbance and eating disorders in 120 male bodybuilders. The Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40) was used to determine eating disorders, the Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory was used to determine bigorexia symptoms, and Bodybuilder Image Grid-Original (BIG O) and Scaled (BIG S) forms were used to detect the factors associated with body dissatisfaction. There was a positive relationship between Eating Attitude Test and Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory total scores. Eating Attitude Test was positively correlated with both fat and muscle dissatisfaction. Our results indicated that eating disorder psychopathology is positively related to body dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorders in male bodybuilders.

Eating Attitudes and Neurotic Symptoms in University Students

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Clarke ◽  
R. L. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
University Students ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Eating Attitude Test ◽  
Attitude Test

SummaryA postal survey of male and female university students is reported, using the Eating Attitude Test (EAT) and the Crown Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI). Eleven per cent of the 156 female respondents but none of 120 males scored above 30 on the EAT, thereby declaring eating attitudes comparable to anorexic subjects. Of those interviewed, none fulfilled diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, but half showed eating disorder of clinical severity. There was a clear association between high EAT scores and higher scores on all the subscales of the CCEI except the phobic scale. The results are discussed in relation to ideas about the possible origins of clinical eating disorders.

Body Dissatisfaction

Human Affairs ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L'Uboslava Sejčová
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Outward Appearance ◽  
Value System ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Universal Values

Body DissatisfactionThe author concentrates on the preference of the values of "the cult of the body" increasingly affecting the behaviour of young people and their position in the value system relating to generally recognized values. Too much emphasis on physical beauty and outward appearance significantly determines behaviour and can lead to a reduction in values relating to the body and body shape but also to unhealthy eating disorders such as bulimia or anorexia nervosa. The focus is on the pathological perception of the body, on how culture and cultural norms affect body dissatisfaction. A research questionnaire on universal values and the cult of the body (2006) was used. The research sample consisted of 508 respondents aged between 18 and 26 (292 women and 216 men).

Reliability and Validity of a Japanese Version of the Eating Disorder Inventory

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Shimura ◽  
Harumi Horie ◽  
Htroaki Kumano ◽  
Yuji Sakano ◽  
Hiroyuki Suematsu
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Eating Disorder Inventory ◽  
Attitude Test

The rapid increase of patients with eating disorders in Japan has made necessary the reliable and valid measurement of psychological factors in eating disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Eating Disorder Inventory. 766 females without eating disorders and 139 female patients with eating disorders responded to the Eating Attitude Test and the Eating Disorder Inventory. Principal factor extraction with promax rotation isolated 9 interpretable factors with satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach alpha range = .74–.90). Compared with controls, patients scored significantly higher on all factors after minimizing the influence of Body Mass Index. There were strong correlations among factor scores and scores on the Eating Attitudes Test, particularly among patients. These results indicate the Eating Disorder Inventory as showing psychometrically sound internal consistency and concurrent validity.

scholarly journals Eating psychopathology in ballet dancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Silverii ◽  
F. Benvenuti ◽  
G. Morandin ◽  
V. Ricca ◽  
M. Monami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Eating Psychopathology ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Maturity Fears

Abstract Objective To assess whether ballet dancers have higher eating psychopathology mean scores than the general population. Methods Meta-analysis of cross-sectional observational studies comparing the scores of one or more of the validated eating psychopathological scales between ballet dancers and any control groups. Results Twelve studies were included in the metanalysis. Ballet dancers had a significantly higher EAT score (12 studies retrieved, SMD 0.82 [95% CI 0.44–1.19], p < 0.00001, I2 = 84)]; subgroup analysis suggested a possible role of control subjects’ choice in explaining heterogeneity. Scores on the EDI subscales of Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, and Body dissatisfaction were available from four studies; Drive for Thinness was higher in ballet dancers (SMD 0.62 [0.01, 1.22]), as well as the Bulimia scale (SMD 0.38 [0.02, 0.73], p = 0.04) and the Body Dissatisfaction scale (SMD 0.34 [0.15, 0.53]). Data on Perfectionism, Interpersonal problems, Ineffectiveness, and Maturity fears, were available from three studies. Higher scores in Perfectionism (SMD 0.68 [0.24, 1.12] p = 0.02), Interpersonal problems (SMD 0.24 [0.02, 0.47], in Inefficacy, (SMD 2.18 [1.31, 3.06]) were found for ballet dancers; on the other hand, Maturity fears scores were not significantly different between ballet dancers and controls (IV-MD = 0.15 [− 0.07, 0.36]). Seven studies reported tests not performed elsewhere. Discussion Ballet dancers show a higher level of restriction and drive for thinness than controls, and they may be, therefore, at higher risk for the development of eating disorders. Available studies do not allow the discrimination of dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors from adaptive responses. Level of evidence Level I (evidence obtained from systematic reviews and meta-analyses).

Father–daughter relationship and the severity of eating disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Horesh ◽  
E. Sommerfeld ◽  
M. Wolf ◽  
E. Zubery ◽  
G. Zalsman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
Mother Daughter Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Attributes

AbstractBackground:Mother–daughter relationship was the focus of studies on the development of eating disorders (ED) for many years. This study aimed to examine the association between the father–daughter relationship and ED and depressive symptoms.Methods:Fifty-three women diagnosed with ED were compared to a psychiatric control group (n = 26) and to healthy participants (n = 60) regarding their perception of their fathers and the relationship with them. Assessments were done using the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Eating Disorders Questionnaire, the Body Shape Questionnaire, the Eating Attitude Test, and the Beck Depression Inventory as well as narrative-based methods.Results:Fathers’ negative attributes were significantly associated with ED and depressive symptom. Two profiles of father–daughter relationship were found, the “caring and benevolent” relationship and the “overprotective and avoidant” one. In the latter, patients displayed significantly higher levels of food-restraint, more concerns about eating and about their body shape and appearance, and higher levels of depression.Discussion:Negative perception of the father's parenting style as well as the quality of the relationship with him are crucial for the understanding of the development and persistence of ED. Therapeutic programs for ED should focus not only on the relationship with the mother but must also address the relationship with the father.

scholarly journals Insatisfacción corporal y trastornos de conducta alimentaria en gimnastas: revisión sistemática (Body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in gymnasts: a systematic review)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 577-585
Author(s):  
Alicia Salas-Morillas ◽  
Águeda Gutiérrez-Sánchez ◽  
Mercedes Vernetta-Santana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Eating Attitude Test ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Eat 26

  Introducción: En los deportes gimnásticos ciertas medidas morfológicas como el peso, un índice de masa corporal (IMC) y un porcentaje de grasa bajo adquieren importancia para el éxito deportivo. La preocupación excesiva por estos factores o alteración de la Imagen Corporal (IC), puede llevar a estos gimnastas a padecer Trastornos de Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue analizar los TCA y la IC en practicantes de deportes gimnásticos mediante una revisión sistemática. Material y método: Siguiendo la lista de verificación “PRISMA” se realizó la búsqueda en cinco bases de datos electrónicas (WOS, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus y Google Scholar), de estudios transversales en inglés, español y portugués publicados desde enero del 2000 hasta diciembre del 2020. La selección fue realizada por tres investigadores en dos etapas (cribado y aplicación de criterios de elegibilidad). Se registraron edad, sexo, tamaño muestral, calidad metodológica, variables, instrumento y resultados en 16 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: El 56,25% de los estudios resaltan la insatisfacción corporal, así como el riesgo de padecer TCA en gimnastas de mayor nivel competitivo, resultando como factores causantes fundamentalmente la insatisfacción corporal y la presión del entorno sobre todo en el periodo de la adolescencia. El instrumento más utilizado fue Eating Attitude Test 26 (EAT-26) (75%). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos indican que existe gran riesgo en gimnastas de padecer TCA, destacando la aparición en categorías superiores, siendo una de las principales causas, la distorsión e insatisfacción con la IC.  Abstract. Introduction: In gymnastic sports, certain morphological measures such as weight, body mass index (BMI) and low-fat percentage are important for sporting success. Excessive preoccupation with these factors, or altered Body Image (BI), can lead to eating disorders (ED) in gymnasts. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyse ED and CI in gymnastics athletes through a systematic review. Material and methods: Following the "PRISMA" checklist, five electronic databases (WOS, PubMed, Sports Discuss, Scopus and Google Scholar) were searched for cross-sectional studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese published from January 2000 to December 2020 Selection was performed by three investigators in two stages (screening and application of eligibility criteria). Age, sex, sample size, methodological quality, variables, instrument and results were recorded in 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results: 56.25% of the studies highlight body dissatisfaction, as well as the risk of suffering from ED in gymnasts at a higher competitive level, with body dissatisfaction and environmental pressure being the main causal factors, especially in the adolescent period. The most commonly used instrument was the Eating Attitude Test 26 (EAT-26) (75%). Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that gymnasts are at high risk of suffering from BAD, with a high incidence in the higher categories, one of the main causes being distortion and dissatisfaction with the CI.

scholarly journals Hydration, Eating Attitudes and Behaviors in Age and Weight-Restricted Youth American Football Players

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2565
Author(s):  
Susan Yeargin ◽  
Toni M. Torres-McGehee ◽  
Dawn Emerson ◽  
Jessica Koller ◽  
John Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
American Football ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
Abnormal Eating Attitudes ◽  
Abnormal Eating

There is a paucity of research examining hydration and nutrition behaviors in youth American football players. A potentially unique risk factor are league restrictions based on weight (WR) or age (AR). The purpose of this study was to examine hydration status between WR and AR leagues. The secondary purpose was to describe eating patterns in players. An observational cohort design with 63 youth football players (10 ± 1 yrs, 148.2 ± 9.4 cm, 44.9 ± 15.3 kg) was utilized. Independent variables were league (AR (n = 36); WR (n = 27)) and activity type (practice (PX = 8); game (GM = 3)). Dependent variables were hydration status (urine osmolality; percent change in body mass (%BM)), eating attitudes (Children’s Eating Attitude Test (ChEAT-26)) and self-reported frequency of meals. On average, players arrived activity mildly hypohydrated (830 ± 296 mOsm/kg) and %BM was minimal (−0.1 ± 0.7%) during events. Players consumed 2 ± 1 meals and 1 ± 1 snack before events. The ChEAT-26 survey reported 21.6% (n = 8) of players were at risk for abnormal eating attitudes. Among these players, eating binges, vomiting, excessive exercise and drastic weight loss were reported. Youth American football players arrived activity mildly hypohydrated and consumed enough fluid during activity to maintain euhydration. Abnormal eating attitudes and the use of unhealthy weight loss methods were reported by some youth American football players.

Dieting Behavior and Eating Attitudes in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-489
Author(s):  
Michael J. Maloney ◽  
Julie McGuire ◽  
Stephen R. Daniels ◽  
Bonny Specker
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Dieting Behavior ◽  
Abnormal Eating

Many studies document the high prevalence of dieting and abnormal eating behaviors in adolescents and young adults. The age of onset of eating disorders remains unclear because there are no published surveys of voluntary dieting and eating attitudes in young children. A total of 318 girls and boys were surveyed from two randomly chosen schools in middle-income neighborhoods. The children were equally distributed among grades 3 through 6. The survey included a children's version of the Eating Attitudes Test and a demographic and dieting questionnaire. Results showed that 45% of the children wanted to be thinner, 37% had already tried to lose weight, and 6.9% scored in the anorexia nervosa range, closely matching the published results concerning teenagers and young adult women. Several questions were isolated by univariate and multiple regression analyses that accurately (P &lt; .05) predicted children's Eating Attitude Test scores. The fact that young children admit having diet preoccupation and atypical eating attitudes is shown in this study. It may be possible to improve early case identification of children at risk for anorexia nervosa and perhaps improve intervention strategies by focusing on the early development of dieting behavior in young children.

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