Thought overactivation as a marker of bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s222-s223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ferrari ◽  
P. Ossola ◽  
V. Lucarini ◽  
V. Accardi ◽  
C. De Panfilis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Bipolar Patients

IntroductionRecent studies have underlined the importance of considering the form of thoughts, beyond their content, in order to achieve a better phenomenological comprehension of mental states in mood disorders. The subjective experience of thought overactivation is an important feature of mood disorders that could help in identifying, among patients with a depressive episode, those who belong to the bipolar spectrum.ObjectivesPatients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) were compared with matched healthy controls (HC) on a scale that evaluates thought overactivation.AimsValidate the Italian version of a scale for thought overactivation (i.e. STOQ) in a sample of bipolar patients.MethodsThirty euthymic BD and 30 HC completed the Subjective Thought Overactivation Questionnaire (STOQ), the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and global functioning (VGF).ResultsThe 9-items version of the STOQ has been back translated and its internal consistency in this sample was satisfactory (alpha = .91). Both the brooding subscore of RRS (b-RRS) (r = .706; P < .001) and STOQ (r = .664; P < .001) correlate significantly with depressive symptoms whereas only the first correlate with VGF (r = –.801; P < .001). The two groups did not differed in the b-RRS (HC = 8.41 vs BD = 9.72; P = .21), whereas BD where significantly higher in the STOQ total score (HC = 6.62 vs. BD = 14.9; P = .007).ConclusionOur results, although limited by the small sample size, confirm the validity of the STOQ and suggest that this scale could grasp a feature characteristic of BD, independently from their tendency to ruminate. The latter seems to impact more on global functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Social functioning and social cognition in bipolar disorder: Is there a connection?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S336-S336
Author(s):  
V. Maria Iulia ◽  
R.C. Delphine ◽  
H. Audrey ◽  
K. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Bipolar Patients

IntroductionThe research interest in social cognition in bipolar disorder has increased in a significant way in the last decade showing major impairments, especially in mental state reasoning, even during euthymia (Samamé et al., 2012; Samamé et al., 2015). Social cognitive processes in humans describe the ways individuals draw inferences about other people's beliefs and the ways they weigh social situational factors in making these inferences (Green et al., 2008). A causal relationship between social cognition deficits and global functioning has been already established in schizophrenic populations (Green et al., 2015). But there is still little information regarding the relation between social cognition and social functioning in bipolar disorder.AimsTo review the relationship between general/social functioning and social cognitive impairments in bipolar patients.MethodsA systematic review of literature was conducted. Relevant articles were identified through literature searches in PubMed/Medline, EBSCOHost and Google Scholar databases dating from 2000 to 2015 using the keywords “bipolar”, “social cognition”, “theory of mind”, “mentalizing”, “emotion recognition”, “emotion processing”, “functioning” and “quality of life”.ResultsThe findings of the review will be discussed, regarding the specificity of the thymic state of the patients and the social cognition instruments used.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, the present review is the first to explore specifically the relation between the social cognition deficits and the general/social functioning of bipolar patients. This exploration is of interest for a better comprehension of this disorder to improve the outcome of the patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

From Obsessivity to Bipolarity and Vice Versa. A Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S494-S494
Author(s):  
P. Cano Ruiz ◽  
S. Cañas Fraile ◽  
A. Gómez Peinado ◽  
P. Sanmartin Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Depressive Episodes

IntroductionThe prevalence of obsessive symptoms in bipolar patients is currently under discussion. Last years, different cases of antidepressant-induced mania and hypomania in patients with OCD have been described.Several authors have reported that patients with OCD and bipolar disorder have more depressive episodes than patients with only OCD.ObjectiveTo know the relationship between OCD and other bipolar spectrum disorders.MethodBibliographical review on comorbidity between obsessive symptoms and bipolarity.ResultsSome longitudinal analysis have shown that patients firstly diagnosed with OCD have an increased risk for subsequent diagnosis of all other conditions, especially for bipolar and schizoaffective disorder, for those whose risk is of up to 13 times higher. The handling of a patient with bipolar disorder and OCD implies some difficulty, because of the main treatment of anxiety disorders, the antidepressants, alters the course of manic-depressive illness, accelerating cycles.ConclusionsOCD is etiologically related to bipolar spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Therefore, it is necessary to continue the investigation of possible involved genes and approaches for clinical practice.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Association between the 5-HTTLPR genotype and childhood impulsivity in subjects with bipolar II disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S334-S334
Author(s):  
E.J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Bipolar Ii Disorder ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Mood Instability ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Normal Controls

ObjectiveIt has been suggested that the features of childhood ADHD are significantly associated with adult mood disorders. Some genetic factors may be common to both ADHD and mood disorders underlie the association between these two phenotypes. The present study aimed to determine whether a genetic role may be played by the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in the childhood ADHD features of adult patients with mood disorders.MethodsThe present study included 232 patients with MDD, 154 patients with BPD, and 1288 normal controls. Childhood ADHD features were assessed with the Korean version of the Wender Utah Rating Scale. The total score and the scores of three factors (impulsivity, inattention, mood instability) from the WURS-K were analyzed to determine whether they were associated with the 5-HTTLPR genotype.ResultsIn the BPD II group, the 5-HTTLPR genotype was significantly associated with the total score (P = 0.029) and the impulsivity factor (P = 0.004) on the WURS-K. However, the inattention and mood instability factors were not associated with the 5-HTTLPR genotype, and the MDD and normal control groups did not exhibit any significant associations between the WURS-K scores and the 5-HTTLPR genotype.ConclusionThe present findings suggest that the 5-HTTLPR genotype may play a role in the impulsivity component of childhood ADHD in patients with BPD II. Because of a small sample size and a single candidate gene, further studies investigating other candidate genes using a larger sample are warranted to more conclusively determine any common genetic links.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Increased Hypocretin (Orexin) Plasma Level in Depression, Bipolar Disorder Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haimei Li ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Shangda Li ◽  
Bochao Huang ◽  
Gongde Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hypocretin 1

As hypocretin can markedly affect neurophysiological and behavioural processes in mood disorders. However, few studies have measured changes in hypocretin levels in patients with mood disorders. We estimated the hypocretin-1 plasma levels in mood disorder patients and controls (CON) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: (i) The hypocretin-1 plasma level was significantly higher in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients [59.04 (35.78–80.12) pg/ml, P &lt; 0.001] and bipolar disorder (BD) patients [65.50 (58.46–74.57) pg/ml, P &lt; 0.001] patients than in CON [49.25 (28.51–80.40) pg/ml]. Moreover, the plasma hypocretin-1 levels in the BD group were significantly higher than those in the MDD group (P &lt; 0.001). (ii). In the MDD group, patients with higher suicidal ideation had higher hypocretin-1 levels [62.09 (38.23–80.12) pg/ml] than those with lower suicidal ideation [59.63 (35.79–77.37) pg/ml), P = 0.032]. (iii). Plasma hypocretin-1 levels were increased in both female and male mood disorder patients compared to CON [male: MDD 60.51 (35.79–80.12) pg/ml; BD 65.40 (58.76–74.14) pg/ml; CON 45.63 (28.51–62.05) pg/ml; all P &lt; 0.016; female: MDD 57.37 (34.59–80.40) pg/ml; BD 65.61 (58.46–74.57) pg/ml; CON 52.92 (38.23–78.89) pg/ml; all P &lt; 0.015]. (iv). In CON, we found a significant negative correlation between plasma hypocretin-1 levels and age (rho = −0.251, P = 0.032), while this negative correlation was absent in the MDD and BD groups. Limitations may partly arise from the relatively small sample size and the medication history of patients participating in our research. We concluded that the clear changes found in plasma hypocretin-1 levels might be applied in the diagnosis of depression and the differential diagnosis of MDD and BD. The clear suicidal-ideation-related change found in hypocretin-1 levels in depression might be taken into account in the prevention of suicidal behaviour and further study of hypocretin-targeted therapies.

scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment of S100B serum levels and clinical factors in youth patients with mood disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rajewska-Rager ◽  
Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz ◽  
Pawel Kapelski ◽  
Natalia Lepczynska ◽  
Joanna Pawlak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Depressed Group

AbstractMood disorders have been discussed as being in relation to glial pathology. S100B is a calcium-binding protein, and a marker of glial dysfunctions. Although alterations in the S100B expression may play a role in various central nervous system diseases, there are no studies on the potential role of S100B in mood disorders in adolescents and young adults . In a prospective two-year follow-up study, peripheral levels of S100B were investigated in 79 adolescent/young adult patients (aged 14–24 years), diagnosed with mood disorders and compared with 31 healthy control subjects. A comprehensive clinical interview was conducted which focused on clinical symptoms and diagnosis change. The diagnosis was established and verified at each control visit. Serum S100B concentrations were determined. We detected: lower S100B levels in medicated patients, compared with those who were drug-free, and healthy controls; higher S100B levels in a depressed group with a family history of affective disorder; correlations between age and medication status; sex-dependent differences in S100B levels; and lack a of correlation between the severity of depressive or hypo/manic symptoms. The results of our study indicate that S100B might be a trait-dependent rather than a state-dependent marker. Due to the lack of such studies in the youth population, further research should be performed. A relatively small sample size, a lack of exact age-matched control group, a high drop-out rate.

The emotional intelligence in severe mental disorders: A comparative study in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S330-S331
Author(s):  
E. Chapela ◽  
M. Félix-Alcántara ◽  
J. Quintero ◽  
I. Morales ◽  
J. Gómez-Arnau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Bipolar Patients

IntroductionSevere mental disorders have deficits in different aspects of social cognition, which seem to be more pronounced in patients with schizophrenia compared to those with bipolar disorder. Emotional intelligence, defined as the ability to process, understand and manage emotions, is one of the main components of the sociocognition. Both in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been described changes in emotional intelligence, but only few studies compare both disorders.ObjectivesThe objective of this research is to increase knowledge about the differences between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.AimsTo compare emotional intelligence in patients with schizophrenia versus bipolar patients.MethodsSeventy-five adult patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were evaluate.The assessment protocol consisted of a questionnaire on socio-demographic and clinical-care data, and a battery of assessment scales (BPRS, PANSS, SCID-I-RV, YMRS, HDRS, CGI-S, EEAG, MSCEIT). Among the assessment tools of emotional intelligence, we select MSCEIT as the most validated.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23 version. After the descriptive analysis of the data, we compare the results of the scales.ResultsBoth disorders show a deterioration of emotional intelligence compared to the general population. There were no statistically significant differences in the comparison of emotional intelligence between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.ConclusionSchizophrenia and bipolar disorder have deficits in emotional intelligence, while it is difficult to show differences between them. These changes in emotional intelligence are part of a set of cognitive, social and non-social skills, which are altered in these severe mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Mood Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan A Baloch ◽  
Jair C. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of

Affective disorders are among the most common disorders in psychiatry. They are generally classified according to the persistence and extent of symptoms and by the polarity of these symptoms. The two poles of the affective spectrum are mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is characterized by the presence of the mania or hypomania and often depression. Unipolar depression is defined by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. These differences are not merely categorical but have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of these conditions. Bipolar disorder, for example, is better treated using mood-stabilizing medication, whereas unipolar depression responds optimally to antidepressant medications. In addition, prognostically, unipolar depression may sometimes be limited to one episode in a lifetime, whereas bipolar disorder is typically a lifelong condition. The course of both conditions, however, is often chronic, and frequently patients can present with unipolar depression only to later develop manic symptoms. A thorough understanding of both conditions is therefore required to treat patients presenting with affective symptomatology. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology and genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. Figures illustrate gray matter differences with lithium use and the bipolar spectrum. Tables list the pharmacokinetics of commonly used antidepressants and medications commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. This review contains 2 figures, 2 tables, and 136 references.

scholarly journals Uterus transplantation: joys and frustrations of becoming a ‘complete’ woman—a qualitative study regarding self-image in the 5-year period after transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1855-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stina Järvholm ◽  
Anders Enskog ◽  
Catrina Hammarling ◽  
Pernilla Dahm-Kähler ◽  
Mats Brännström
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Uterus Transplantation ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Government

Abstract STUDY QUESTION How is a women’s self-image affected by uterus transplantation (UTx)? SUMMARY ANSWER Women experienced receiving a uterus in both positive and negative ways, but in general, their self-image was positively affected; regardless of whether they have given birth to a child or not, recipients describe themselves as being ‘back to normal’ after the hysterectomy to remove the transplanted uterus. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY UTx has repeatedly proved to be a successful treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility. However, there has been no previous qualitative long-term research into the self-image of women undergoing UTx. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This complete, prospective cohort study included the nine recipients of the first UTxs performed in Sweden mostly in 2013. Interviews took place in the 5 years following surgery. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Eight out of the nine recipients had congenital absence of the uterus, a characteristic of Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome, and one recipient lacked a uterus after a radical hysterectomy due to cervical cancer. The mean age of participants was 31.5 years at inclusion and at this time they all lived in stable marital relationships. Post-transplantation, interviews were performed annually for 5 years, comprising a total of 43 interviews. The interview followed a semi-structured guide. All interviews (median duration of around 25 minutes) were recorded, transcribed verbatim and then analysed by thematic approach. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The joys and frustrations of becoming a ‘complete’ woman are seen as a master theme, which influences the three underlying subthemes, a changed self-perception, a changed body and a changed sexuality. Each of these subthemes have three underlying categories. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The small sample size is a limitation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results provide information that will be helpful in pre-operative screening procedures and in the psychological support offered both to women who experienced successful and unsuccessful outcomes following UTx. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding was received from the Jane and Dan Olsson Foundation for Science; the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; an ALF grant from the Swedish state under an agreement between the government and the county councils; the Swedish Research Council; a Ferring Pharmaceuticals scholarship in memory of Robert Edwards; and the Iris Jonzén-Sandblom and Greta Jonzén Foundation. The authors have no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01844362.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenetic Tests in Reducing Accesses to Emergency Services and Days of Hospitalization in Bipolar Disorder: A 2-Year Mirror Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Callegari ◽  
Celeste Isella ◽  
Ivano Caselli ◽  
Nicola Poloni ◽  
Marta Ielmini
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Related Group

Despite the enormous costs associated to mood disorders’, few studies evaluate potential cost saving from the use of pharmacogenetic tests (PGT). This study compares 12 months before the execution of the PGT versus 12 months after, in terms of number and days of hospitalization and accesses to emergency services, in a sample of 30 patients affected by bipolar disorder. Secondarily, the study gives an economic value to the data based on the diagnosis-related group (DRG). Patients included in the study were required to be aged ≥18 years, sign an informed consent, have a score of Clinical Global Impression item Severity (CGIs) ≥3, and have a discordant therapy compared to the PGT in the 12 months preceding it and a therapy consistent with it for the following 12 months. Cost saving has been evaluated by paired t-tests in a mirror analysis. Statistically significant differences in all the comparisons (p < 0.0001) emerged. Important cost saving emerged after the use of PGT (€148,920 the first year versus €39,048 the following year). Despite the small sample size and lack of a control group in this study, the potential role of PGT in cost saving for the treatment of bipolar disorder treatment emerged. To confirm this result, larger and clinical trials are needed.

ADHD and bipolar disorder challenge in diagnosis in children and adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S347-S347
Author(s):  
P. Cano Ruiz ◽  
A. Gómez Peinado ◽  
S. Cañas Fraile ◽  
P. Sanmartin Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThe professionals in charge of children and adolescents with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) should be prepared to treat a wide variety of psychiatric symptoms, as most have at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder.Sometimes the differential diagnosis between ADHD and bipolar disease is difficult because of overlapping symptoms between the two disorders (Geller et al., 1997; Biederman et al., 2000; Singh et al., 2006).MethodologyA literature review about the comorbidity between ADHD and bipolar disorder in children and adolescents was performed.ResultsAccording to different studies, between 60 and 90% of children and adolescents with ADHD have comorbid bipolar disorder. However, the percentage of children and adolescents with ADHD that has comorbid bipolar disorder varied from 10 to 22% (puedes poner from 60 to 90% si no quieres repetir el and).ConclusionsThe prevalence of bipolar disease, particularly among adolescents, is between 1 and 7%. This percentage is higher if all forms of bipolar spectrum are included. Some personal and family factors increase the probability of a patient having ADHD present bipolar disease: decreased IQ, delayed development, family history of ADHD or bipolar disease, and the combined subtype.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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