Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemes and Traumatic Childhood Experiences with Suicidal Behavior in Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S217-S217
Author(s):  
L. Montes Reula ◽  
H. Saiz García ◽  
A. Portilla Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Attachment Figure ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest

Exposure to traumatic events in childhood is associated with suicidal behavior in adulthood, in the form of ideas, attempted or completed suicide. The abuse causes impaired cognitive schemes in the attachment figure, abandonment, mistrust and vulnerability to damage. The literature has demonstrated the dose–response relationship between a traumatic event in childhood and the development of mental disorders and the possibility of suicidal behavior. In addition, abuse is transmitted through the generations along with another factor of suicidal vulnerability (family history of suicide). Abuse in childhood is associated with depression, anxiety, antisocial behavior or substance. In fact, in investigations is suggested the vulnerability to any psychopathological disease. A history of suicidal behavior increases the risk for these children. Since child abuse increases suicidal behavior, we can find families in which coexists history of suicidal behavior and child abuse. The high prevalence of abuse and vulnerability neurodevelopmental leads us to consider a plan of action for this population. Rejection and/or contempt suffered in a developing brain might be related to subsequent alterations in emotional regulation or impulsivity. For these associations should conduct a more thorough screening in children's consultations to address this issue. It is very important to approach about cognitive schemes that subsequently repeated dysfunctional acts. Impulsive o unstable behavior could be reduced. This would decrease the consequences that these children have in adulthood.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Evaluation of Suicidal Behaviour in a General Psychiatric Consultation

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
C. Silva ◽  
I. Gil ◽  
M.A. Mateus ◽  
Ó. Nogueiro
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Psychiatric Consultation ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Aspects

Several studies have been conducted to establish a profile of the suicidal/parasuicidal patient. Also several factors have been identified as possibly influencing the suicidal rates, including the religious practices.Objectives:Characterize the profile of suicidal behavior in a sample of patients followed in a general psychiatric consultation.Methods:It was done an analytical observational study of a random sample of 100 patients followed in a general psychiatric consultation. A survey was conducted with the collection of socio-economic, religious aspects and clinical data, and it was consulted the patient"s clinical process. Data analysis was done in Excel 2003.Results:The sample was consisted mostly by women (74%), being the most representative age group between 40 and 50 years (27%), mostly married (61%), 24% had 2 children and 65% lived in the rural area. The clinical diagnosis (ICD-9) was in 46% of cases, neurotic depression. 52% consider themselves religious not practitioners, being 90% catholics. History of suicide attempts/parasuicide occurred in 32% of patients, in the form of drug intoxication (31%) or with another method (11%). Most of the individuals said to have already thought about suicide at least once in their lifetime (74%). Only 8% had current suicidal ideation. Family history of suicide occurred in 27%, particularly in first degree family members, mainly by drowning (7%) and hanging (7%).Conclusions:Our results suggest that exists a high prevalence of suicidal behavior in this patients. For that reason, it should be done a systematic screening for suicidal ideation in this risk population.

Work memory and inhibition in abused children

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S688-S688
Author(s):  
M.C. Jimenez Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Work Memory ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Abused Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionIt has been shown that children with a history of abuse tend to have a deficit in both their academic and cognitive abilities. Mesa-Gresa, P., & Moya-Albiol, L. (2011) [1]. This study aimed to identify the relationship between abuse (psychological, neglect, custody and abandonment) and the performance of executive functions of memory of verbal work and inhibition.MethodThe Executive Function battery (Gonzalez, M., & Ostrosky, F., 2012) [2] was applied to 38 preschoolers 4–5 year olds who have experience abuse and to 36 preschoolers who have not. Data was analysed using the test t for independent samples and the Chi-cuadrado from Pearson.ResultsInhibition was affected in children with psychological abuse and negligence. It means that children presented difficulty in controlling their behaviour. Children victim of abandonment showed lower performance of executive functions of memory of verbal work. Such function allows them to carry on daily activities efficiently. Conversely, children without previous history of abuse showed higher performance in both tests especially in inhibition.ConclusionFindings suggest that child abuse in preschoolers can influence the performance in their executive functions without difference in gender.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Predicting suicidal behavior by an accurate monitoring of RNA editing biomarkers in blood samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s893-s894
Author(s):  
D. Weissmann ◽  
B. Vire ◽  
S. Van der Laan ◽  
N. Salvetat ◽  
S. Pointet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Predictive Algorithm ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionPredicting suicidal behaviors is one of the most complex challenges of daily psychiatric practices. Alterations of RNA editing of neurotransmitter receptors and other proteins have been shown to be involved in etiology of different psychiatric disorders and linked to suicidal behavior. Additionally, an increase in expression levels of ADARs, the RNA editing enzymes, has also been observed.ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to test whether modifications in RNA editing profile of prime targets allow identifying disease-relevant blood biomarkers and evaluating suicide risk in patients.MethodsA clinical study was performed to identify an RNA editing signature in blood of depressed patients with and without history of suicide attempts. Patient's samples were drawn in PAXgene tubes and analyzed on Alcediag's proprietary RNA editing platform using NGS. In addition, gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR was performed.ResultsWe generated a predictive algorithm comprising various selected biomarkers to detect patients with a high risk to attempt suicide. We evaluated the diagnostic performance using the relative proportion of the phosphodiesterase 8A (PDE8A) mRNA editing at different sites as well as the expression of PDE8A and the ADARs. The significance of these biomarkers for suicidality was evaluated using the receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The generated algorithm comprising the biomarkers was found to have strong diagnostic performances with high specificity and sensitivity.ConclusionsWe developed tools to measure disease–specific biomarkers in blood samples of patients for identifying individuals at the greatest risk for future suicide attempts.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Adversity, Parental Mental Illness, and Risk of Depression in Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S220-S220 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Patterson ◽  
L. Mackenzie ◽  
A. Zwicker ◽  
V. Drobinin ◽  
J. Cumby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Family History ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Parental Mental Illness ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest

BackgroundThe association between parental severe mental illness (SMI) and depression in offspring may be due to genetic liability or adverse environments. We investigated the effect of parental SMI, SES, and adversity on depression in a sample of youth enriched for familial risk of mental illness.MethodWe assessed 217 youth (mean age 11.95, SD 4.14, range 6–24), including 167 (77%) offspring of parents with SMI. We measured exposure to childhood maltreatment and bullying with the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) and Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse (CECA) interview.ResultsIn total, 13.36% participants reported significant bullying and 40.76% had a history of childhood maltreatment. Rates of bullying and maltreatment were similar in offspring of parents with and without SMI. Maltreatment likelihood increased with decreasing socioeconomic status. Exposure to bullying (OR = 3.11, 95%CI 1.08–8.88, P = 0.03) predicted depression in offspring more strongly than family history of SMI in parents.ConclusionsAdversity, such as maltreatment and bullying, has a stronger impact on the risk of developing depression than family history of mental illness in parents. These adverse experiences are associated with socioeconomic status rather than parental mental illness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Eating disorders in Malays in Singapore

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S554-S554
Author(s):  
V. Kwok ◽  
H.Y. Lee ◽  
S.M. Tan ◽  
W.S.A. Chee ◽  
K. Ann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Singapore General Hospital ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Almost All

IntroductionThe prevalence of eating disorders has been increasing in the Asian countries. Malays in Singapore are at the crossroads because they are largely traditional in practice and almost all are Muslim, but are exposed to western culture. Studies found that Malays at increased risk of eating disorders but yet those that present for treatment are very small, and this study aims to study Malays with eating disorders to unveil this contradiction.MethodsAll Malay patients presenting to Singapore General Hospital (SGH), which hosts the only specialized eating disorder programme in Singapore, between 2003 and 2014 were identified and medical records studied retrospectively.ResultsMalays constitute only 42 out of 1340 patients treated in the same period. The mean age at presentation is 18.81 years (SD = 5.54) and the majority are students (78.6%). A total of 92.9% are single. There are more cases of bulimia nervosa than anorexia nervosa (45.2% vs. 26.2%). In total, 54.8% have psychiatric comorbidities, the most common is depression (31.0%), 38.1% have a history of deliberate self-harm and 21.4% attempted suicide. A total of 52.4% reported teasing as a trigger, while 16.7% were triggered by being overweight.DiscussionThere is only a small number of Malays that presented. Fasting is commonly which may be confused with restriction. Other factors could be lack of awareness. The higher prevalence of bulimia nervosa suggests that purging is recognized as abnormal. High prevalence of comorbidities suggests that family members recognize comorbidities better. Outreach programs for Malay will help increase awareness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

This paper discusses the relationship between alcohol consumption and suicidal behavior in Belarus

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s886-s886
Author(s):  
S. Davidouski ◽  
Y. Razvodovsky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

IntroductionSuicide is one of the main causes of premature mortality in Belarus. It is well recognized that drinking is among the major risk factors that are associated with suicidal behavior.AimsThis study was design to extend our understanding the relationship between alcohol and suicidal behavior.MethodsRisk factors for suicidal behavior (completed suicide and parasuicide) among residents of Minsk city and Gomel city were studied.ResultsAmong the residents of Minsk the maximum suicides risk was in the age of 46–60 years, and parasuicide at age 20–39 years. The ratio of men to women - 4:1; they were often BAC-positive (from 38.8% in 2015 to 42% in 2008). Among parasuicides sex ratio of about 1:1; 30% of men aged 20–39 years, were BAC-positive. Studies in the city of Gomel, has shown maximum number of parasuicides in the ages of 18–29 years (39.3% in women and 30.7% men). Among parasuicides the majority of men (57.8%) and a significant proportion of women (34.2%) were BAC-positive. Maximum number of those attempted suicide and dependent on alcohol were among men ages 30–39 years (66.15%) and 50–59 years (65.22%), among women in the age 30–39 years (45.45%).ConclusionsAcute alcohol intoxication is characteristic of young people who commit parasuicide. Chronic alcohol intoxication is a risk factor in middle-aged persons who commit suicide. Prolonged use of alcohol contributes to the development of comorbid mental disorders, during the crisis of middle age is manifested as an increased risk of suicides.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Suicidal Behavior in German Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Straub ◽  
Ferdinand Keller ◽  
Nina Sproeber ◽  
Michael G. Koelch ◽  
Paul L. Plener
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Adolescent Sample ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sum Scores

Objective: Research in adults has identified an association between bipolar disorder and suicidal behavior. This relationship, however, has been insufficiently investigated in adolescents to date. Methods: 1,117 adolescents from 13 German schools (mean age = 14.83, SD = .63; 52.7% females) completed an extended German version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), which assesses depressive and manic symptoms during the last week, as well as the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire (SHBQ) for the assessment of lifetime suicidal behavior. Results: In the present sample 39.4% of the girls and 23.1% of the boys reported lifetime suicidal thoughts and 7.1% of the girls as well as 3.9% of the boys a lifetime history of suicide attempts. 18.7% of the adolescent sample revealed elevated symptoms of depression and 9% elevated levels of mania symptoms. Elevated sum scores of depression and mania were associated with a higher number of suicidal ideations and suicide attempts. A block-wise regression analysis revealed that sum scores of depression and mania predicted suicidal ideations best. Concerning suicide attempts, the best predictors were age as well as depression and mania sum scores. Conclusions: Suicidal behavior was reported more often when adolescents demonstrate symptoms of mania as well as symptoms of depression than when they demonstrate only depressive symptoms. The presence of bipolar symptoms in adolescents should alert clinicians to the heightened possibility of suicidal behavior.

Emergency Department Admission and Mortality Rate for Suicidal Behavior

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondo Maria Pavarin ◽  
Angelo Fioritti ◽  
Francesca Fontana ◽  
Silvia Marani ◽  
Alessandra Paparelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Emergency Department Admission ◽  
Completed Suicide

Background: The international literature reports that for every completed suicide there are between 8 and 22 visits to an Emergency Department (ED) for attempted suicide/suicidal behavior. Aims: To describe the characteristics of admission to emergency departments (EDs) for suicide-related presenting complaints in the metropolitan area of Bologna; to estimate the risk for all-cause mortality and for suicide; to identify the profiles of subjects most at risk. Method: Follow-up of patients admitted to the EDs of the metropolitan area of Bologna between January 2004 and December 2010 for attempted suicide. A Cox model was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic variables and the general mortality risk. Results: We identified 505 cases of attempted suicide, which were more frequent for female subjects, over the weekend, and at night (8:00 p.m./8:00 a.m.). The most used suicide methods were psychotropic drugs, sharp or blunt objects, and jumping from high places. In this cohort, 3.6% of subjects completed suicide (4.5% of males vs. 2.9% of females), 2.3% within 1 year of the start of follow-up. The most common causes of death were drug use and hanging. In the multivariate analysis, those who used illicit drugs 24 hr prior to admission to the ED (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.23–9.73) and patients who refused the treatment (HR = 6.74, 95% CI = 1.86–24.40) showed an increased mortality risk for suicide. Conclusion: Deliberate self-harm patients presenting to the ED who refuse treatment represent a specific target group for setting up dedicated prevention schemes.

Serotonergic Genes and Suicidality

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisheng Du ◽  
Gabor Faludi ◽  
Miklos Palkovits ◽  
David Bakish ◽  
Pavel D. Hrdina
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Completed Suicide

Summary: Several lines of evidence indicate that abnormalities in the functioning of the central serotonergic system are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive illness and suicidal behavior. Studies have shown that the number of brain and platelet serotonin transporter binding sites are reduced in patients with depression and in suicide victims, and that the density of 5-HT2A receptors is increased in brain regions of depressed in suicide victims and in platelets of depressed suicidal patients. Genes that code for proteins, such as tryptophan hydroxylase, 5-HT transporter, and 5-HT2A receptor, involved in regulating serotonergic neurotransmission, have thus been major candidate genes for association studies of suicide and suicidal behavior. Recent studies by our group and by others have shown that genetic variations in the serotonin-system-related genes might be associated with suicidal ideation and completed suicide. We have shown that the 102 C allele in 5-HT2A receptor gene was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (χ2 = 8.5, p < .005) in depressed patients. Patients with a 102 C/C genotype had a significantly higher mean HAMD item #3 score (indication of suicidal ideation) than T/C or T/T genotype patients. Our results suggest that the 102T/C polymorphism in 5-HT2A receptor gene is primarily associated with suicidal ideation in patients with major depression and not with depression itself. We also found that the 5-HT transporter gene S/L polymorphism was significantly associated with completed suicide. The frequency of the L/L genotype in depressed suicide victims was almost double of that found in control group (48.6% vs. 26.2%). The odds ratio for the L allele was 2.1 (95% CI 1.2-3.7). The association between polymorphism in serotonergic genes and suicidality supports the hypothesis that genetic factors can modulate suicide risk by influencing serotonergic activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document