Relationship between insomnia and tobacco smoking in alcohol-dependent patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S398-S398
Author(s):  
A. Wnorowska ◽  
A. Jakubczyk ◽  
A. Klimkiewicz ◽  
A. Mach ◽  
K. Brower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Study Group ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

IntroductionInsomnia and tobacco use are frequent and important problems in alcohol-dependent patients. However, the relationship between sleep problems and cigarette smoking was not thoroughly investigated in this population.AimThe purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoking and severity of insomnia in alcohol-dependent patients in treatment. We also aimed at assessing other predictors of insomnia in this population.MethodsThe study group comprised 384 alcohol-dependent patients. Standardized tools were used to assess: tobacco dependence (Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence [FTND]), sleep problems (Athens Insomnia Scale [AIS]), severity of alcohol dependence (Michigan Alcohol Screening Test [MAST]) and drinking quantities before entering treatment (Timeline Follow Back [TFLB]). Other comorbid psychiatric symptoms were assessed using Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11).ResultsThe study group included 79.1% of current smokers, 62% of participants reported insomnia (AIS). The mean FTND score was 6.05 ± 2.18. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that the severity of tobacco dependence was significantly associated with the severity of insomnia (FTND, beta = 0.140, P = 0.013). Other factors associated with insomnia that remained significant in multivariate model were severity of psychopathological symptoms (BSI, beta = 0.422, P < 0.0005) and intensity of drinking (TLFB, beta = 0.123, P = 0.034).ConclusionTobacco use may predict severity of insomnia in alcohol-dependent patients. This finding may have important clinical implications and influence strategies applied in treatment of alcohol use disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Predictors of Varenicline Adherence Among Cancer Patients Treated for Tobacco Dependence and its Association With Smoking Cessation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Crawford ◽  
Jessica Weisbrot ◽  
Joseph Bastian ◽  
Alex Flitter ◽  
Nancy C Jao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Reinforcing Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction The degree to which smokers adhere to pharmacotherapy predicts treatment success. The development of interventions to increase adherence requires identification of predictors of treatment adherence, particularly among specific clinical populations. Methods Using data from a 12-week open-label phase of a clinical trial of varenicline for tobacco dependence among cancer patients (N = 207), we examined: (1) the relationship between self-reported varenicline adherence and verified smoking cessation and (2) demographic and disease-related variables, and early changes in cognition, affect, withdrawal, the reinforcing effects of smoking, and medication side effects, as correlates of varenicline adherence. Results At the end of 12 weeks, 35% of the sample had quit smoking and 52% reported taking ≥80% of varenicline. Varenicline adherence was associated with cessation (p &lt; .001): 58% of participants who were adherent had quit smoking versus 11% of those who were not. Participants who experienced early reductions in depressed mood and satisfaction from smoking and experienced an increase in the toxic effects of smoking, showed greater varenicline adherence (p &lt; .05); the relationship between greater adherence and improved cognition, reduced craving, and reduced sleep problems and vomiting approached significance (p &lt; .10). Conclusions Among cancer patients treated for tobacco dependence with varenicline, adherence is associated with smoking cessation. Initial changes in depressed mood and the reinforcing effects of smoking are predictive of adherence. Implications The benefits of varenicline for treating tobacco dependence among cancer patients may depend upon boosting adherence by addressing early signs of depression and reducing the reinforcing dimensions of cigarettes.

Factors contributing to the development of tobacco dependence

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Elena Menzul ◽  
Nataliya Ryazantseva ◽  
Larisa Karaseva
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Narcotic Action ◽  
Different Levels

The prevalence of smoking is explained by social norms in society in most countries of the world, the force of the narcotic action of tobacco poisons, and the realization of interests of large transnational monopolies. A person who starts smoking gradually develops a physical and psychological dependence on nicotine: 80% of people who begin experimenting with cigarettes get "hooked" and quickly become regular smokers. Almost all those who start smoking under the age of 18 experience difficulties aspiring to get rid of this vice till the end of their days. The analysis of the content and orientation of the subculture of tobacco smokers allows speaking about it as an antisystem and an extremely negative phenomenon, since it contributes to the inclusion and fixation of tobacco smoking. The complexity of the relationship between tobacco smokers and the different levels of their social environment determines the relevance of the study set out in the article.

Tobacco Use and Its Effects on the Periodontium and Periodontal Therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana K. Laxman ◽  
Sridhar Annaji
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aim The purpose of this article is to present a review of the potential biological mechanisms underlying the effects of tobacco smoking on periodontal health and periodontal therapy. Background Periodontitis is the result of complex interrelationships between infectious agents and host factors. Environmental, acquired, and genetic risk factors modify the expression of disease and may, therefore, affect the onset or progression of periodontitis. Review Results The study of the relationship between periodontal disease and smoking has received increased attention during the last few years. Tobacco smoking has wide spread systemic effects, many of which may provide mechanisms for the increased susceptibility to periodontitis and the poorer response to treatment. Conclusion Tobacco smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. Clinical Significance The role smoking plays in periodontal disease should be considered by clinicians and patients during active periodontal therapy and the oral health maintenance phases of care. Citation Laxman VK, Annaji S. Tobacco Use and Its Effects on the Periodontium and Periodontal Therapy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:097-107.

scholarly journals Evidence that an intervention weakens the relationship between adolescent electronic cigarette use and tobacco smoking: a 24-month prospective study

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054905
Author(s):  
Mark Conner ◽  
Sarah Grogan ◽  
Ruth Simms-Ellis ◽  
Keira Flett ◽  
Bianca Sykes-Muskett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use to subsequent smoking relationship in adolescents has received much attention. Whether an intervention to reduce smoking initiation attenuated this relationship was assessed.MethodData were from 3994 adolescent never smokers (aged 13–14 years at baseline) as part of a cluster randomised controlled trial. Self-report measures of smoking, e-cigarette use and covariates were assessed and used to predict ever smoked cigarettes, any recent tobacco smoking and regularly smoked cigarettes at 24-month follow-up.ResultsBaseline ever use of e-cigarettes was associated with ever smoked cigarettes (OR=4.03, 95% CI 3.33 to 4.88; controlling for covariates, OR=2.78, 95% CI 2.20 to 3.51), any recent tobacco smoking (OR=3.38, 95% CI 2.72 to 4.21; controlling for covariates, OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.76 to 2.69) and regularly smoked cigarettes (OR=3.60, 95% CI 2.35 to 5.51; controlling for covariates, OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.39) at follow-up. For ever smoked cigarettes only, the impact of e-cigarette use was attenuated in the intervention (OR=1.83) compared with control (OR=4.53) condition. For ever smoked cigarettes and any recent tobacco smoking, the impact of e-cigarette use was attenuated among those with friends who smoked (OR=2.05 (ever smoked); 1·53 (any tobacco use)) compared with those without friends who smoked (OR=3.32 (ever smoked); 2·17 (any tobacco use)).ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies to show that e-cigarette use was robustly associated with measures of smoking over 24 months and the first to show an intervention to attenuate the relationship. Further research with a broader age range of adolescents is required.

scholarly journals Sleep disturbance: a potential target to improve symptoms and quality of life in those living with psychosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Boland ◽  
P. Gallagher ◽  
M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Sleep has been shown to impact on both physical and mental health, and sleep problems present a considerable burden for individuals and society. There appears to be a complex bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbance and psychiatric symptoms, each potentially influencing the other. In particular, sleep disorders have been associated with more severe symptoms and are predictive of relapse in those with psychotic disorders. This article discusses the relationship between psychosis and insomnia, sleep apnoea, nightmares, circadian rhythm abnormalities and the impact of medications on these relationships. We also discuss the clinical implications of the relationship between sleep disturbance and psychotic disorders along with potential targets for intervention.

Presence and Persistence of Sleep-Related Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in Psychiatric Inpatients

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 398-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Nadorff ◽  
Thomas E. Ellis ◽  
Jon G. Allen ◽  
E. Samuel Winer ◽  
Steve Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Improve Method ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Treatment Termination ◽  
Suicidal Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Although sleep is an important risk factor for suicidal behavior, research has yet to examine the association between sleep problems and suicidality across the course of inpatient treatment. This study examined the relationship among sleep-related symptoms and suicidal ideation across inpatient treatment. Aims: To examine whether poor sleep at admission longitudinally predicts less improvement in suicidal ideation over the course of treatment. Further, to examine whether suicidal ideation is reduced in patients whose sleep does not improve. Method: The study utilized the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II, which contains items measuring depressive symptoms, sleep-related symptoms, and suicidal ideation. The study sample consisted of 1,529 adult psychiatric inpatients. Patients were assessed at admission, biweekly, and at treatment termination. Results: Admission fatigue, loss of energy, and change in sleep pattern were associated with higher levels of suicidal ideation at admission and discharge. Fatigue at admission predicted suicidal ideation at termination independent of admission depression and suicidal ideation. Individuals whose sleep did not improve over the course of treatment had significantly higher suicidal ideation scores at termination relative to those whose sleep symptoms improved, after controlling for sleep, depression, and suicidal ideation scores at admission. Conclusion: These findings suggest that persistence of sleep-related symptoms warrants clinical attention in the treatment of suicidal patients.

Cannabis Associated “High” Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality: Marijuana Smoke Like Tobacco Smoke? A Déjà Vu/Déjà Vécu Story?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 870-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora A. Manolis ◽  
Antonis A. Manolis ◽  
Antonis S. Manolis
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
English Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cannabis Smoking ◽  
Deja Vu ◽  
Déjà Vu

Background: Cannabis use has increased over the past several years as some countries have legalized its use for the treatment of certain medical conditions and/or for recreational use. Thus, concerns have risen about potential adverse health effects. Increasing number of reports have associated cannabis use with serious cardiovascular (CV) complications. Furthermore, there appears to be a likeness in the harmful health effects, especially on the CV and respiratory systems, of cannabis smoking to those of tobacco smoking. Objective: To review the CV effects of cannabis use and compare them with those of tobacco use. Methods: Articles were reviewed that were published in English literature reporting on cannabis and cannabinoid pharmacology and their effects on the CV system and their consequences. Emphasis was also placed on articles reporting on cannabis use in adolescents, exposure to secondhand smoke, its effect on exercise and finally its inter-relationship and similarities with tobacco use. Results: With growing cannabis use, an increasing number of reports have emerged associating marijuana use with serious and life-threatening CV complications, including acute coronary syndromes, potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias and ischemic strokes. There are certain similarities of the deleterious CV and respiratory effects of cannabis smoking with those of tobacco smoking. Despite the difference in the active ingredients (tetrahydrocannabinol vs. nicotine), each substance produces a plethora of chemicals when smoked and these are largely identical; furthermore, due to different modes of smoking, cannabis chemicals are retained in the body for a longer time. Of course, concomitant tobacco and cannabis smoking is a perplexing factor in isolating damages specifically pertaining to cannabis use, while the health risk is additive. Although the mechanisms producing CV harm may be somewhat different between these two substances, the outcome appears similar, or even worse, as the effects may emerge at a younger age. Conclusion: There is an increasing concern that, apart from the mental health problem with cannabis smoking, societies may be facing another wave of a déjà vu/déjà vécu phenomenon similar to the tobacco smoking story.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sleep Problems among Adolescent Students: Mediation by Depression or Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
E-Jin Park ◽  
Shin-Young Kim ◽  
Yeeun Kim ◽  
Dajung Sung ◽  
Bora Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known to be closely related to depression, anxiety and sleep problems. However, it remains unclear whether adolescents with ACEs have sleep problems regardless of depression or anxiety or under a mediating effect from depression or anxiety. Therefore, our aim was to examine whether depression or anxiety mediates the relationship between ACEs and sleep problems in adolescents by using a community sample. The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report–Short Form (ETISR-SF) and List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q) were used to assess traumatic ACEs. Ultimately, data from 737 students (M = 448, F = 289, 15.1 ± 1.4 years old) were included in the statistical analysis. A total of 576 (78.1%) participants reported that they had experienced one or more ACEs. Adolescents with ACEs had higher levels of depression, anxiety and sleep problems than did adolescents without ACEs, and boys tended to experience more trauma than girls. Depression and anxiety partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and sleep problems. The results of this study suggest the need for depression and anxiety interventions for adolescents with ACEs to reduce the long-term consequences, including sleep problems and physical health problems.

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