scholarly journals The incidence, psychiatric co-morbidity and pharmacological treatment of severe mental disorders in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnar Nesvåg ◽  
Jørgen G. Bramness ◽  
Marte Handal ◽  
Ingeborg Hartz ◽  
Vidar Hjellvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Severe Mental Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
First Time

AbstractBackgroundAntipsychotic drug use among children and adolescents is increasing, and there is growing concern about off-label use and adverse effects. The present study aims to investigate the incidence, psychiatric co-morbidity and pharmacological treatment of severe mental disorder in Norwegian children and adolescents.MethodsWe obtained data on mental disorders from the Norwegian Patient Registry on 0–18 year olds who during 2009–2011 were diagnosed for the first time with schizophrenia-like disorder (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes F20-F29), bipolar disorder (F30-F31), or severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms (F32.3 or F33.3). Data on filled prescriptions for psychotropic drugs were obtained from the Norwegian Prescription Database.ResultsA total of 884 children and adolescents (25.1 per 100 000 person years) were first time diagnosed with schizophrenia-like disorder (12.6 per 100 000 person years), bipolar disorder (9.2 per 100 000 person years), or severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms (3.3 per 100 000 person years) during 2009–2011. The most common co-morbid mental disorders were depressive (38.1%) and anxiety disorders (31.2%). Antipsychotic drugs were prescribed to 62.4% of the patients, 72.0% of the schizophrenia-like disorder patients, 51.7% of the bipolar disorder patients, and 55.4% of the patients with psychotic depression. The most commonly prescribed drugs were quetiapine (29.5%), aripiprazole (19.6%), olanzapine (17.3%), and risperidone (16.6%).ConclusionsWhen a severe mental disorder was diagnosed in children and adolescents, the patient was usually also prescribed antipsychotic medication. Clinicians must be aware of the high prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders among early psychosis patients.

scholarly journals Intellectual disability and mental disorders in a US population representative sample of adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Platt ◽  
Katherine M. Keyes ◽  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Alan S. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples

AbstractBackgroundMost research on the prevalence, distribution, and psychiatric comorbidity of intellectual disability (ID) relies on clinical samples, limiting the generalizability and utility of ID assessment in a legal context. This study assessed ID prevalence in a population-representative sample of US adolescents and examined associations of ID with socio-demographic factors and mental disorders.MethodsData were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (N= 6256). ID was defined as: (1) IQ ⩽ 76, measured using the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test; (2) an adaptive behavior score ⩽76, and (3) age of onset ⩽18 measured using a validated scale. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed 15 lifetime mental disorders. The Sheehan disability scale assessed disorder severity. We used logistic regression models to estimate differences in lifetime disorders for adolescents with and without ID.ResultsID prevalence was 3.2%. Among adolescents with ID, 65.1% met lifetime criteria for a mental disorder. ID status was associated with specific phobia, agoraphobia, and bipolar disorder, but not behavior disorders after adjustment for socio-demographics. Adolescents with ID and mental disorders were significantly more likely to exhibit severe impairment than those without ID.ConclusionsThese findings highlight how sample selection and overlap between ID and psychopathology symptoms might bias understanding of the mental health consequences of ID. For example, associations between ID and behavior disorders widely reported in clinical samples were not observed in a population-representative sample after adjustment for socio-demographic confounders. Valid assessment and understanding of these constructs may prove influential in the legal system by influencing treatment referrals and capital punishment decisions.General Scientific SummaryCurrent definitions of intellectual disability (ID) are based on three criteria: formal designation of low intelligence through artificial problem-solving tasks, impairment in one's ability to function in his/her social environment, and early age of onset. In a national population sample of adolescents, the majority of those with ID met criteria for a lifetime mental disorder. Phobias and bipolar disorder, but not behavior disorders, were elevated in adolescents with ID. Findings highlight the need to consider how behavioral problems are conceptualized and classified in people with ID.

Normality and Diversity

Mind Shift ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 222-238
Author(s):  
John Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Normal Spectrum ◽  
The Mind

This chapter begins by arguing that the different approaches to mental disorders are united in viewing such mental conditions as abnormal. Yet is it really the case that everything termed a mental ‘disorder’ is indeed so? Or could it be that in diagnosing conditions that affect the mind, we are ignoring the possibility that some ‘disorders’ may be part of the normal spectrum of human diversity? To take this argument further, could it even be the case that such diversity is an important component of human society and a source of some of its richness and achievements? The chapter looks at these possibilities, with particular reference to two quite different mental conditions—autism spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder. Autism spectrum disorders have been described as characterized by 'impairments in social interaction and both verbal and non-verbal communication, along with restricted, repetitive or stereotyped behaviour'. Meanwhile, the high and low phases of bipolar disorder are often so extreme that they interfere with everyday life; consequentially this can be a highly debilitating disorder. However, there is also an association of both types of mental disorder with great creativity, and high levels of intelligence.

scholarly journals M56. ASSORTATIVE MATING IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND BIPOLAR DISORDER: A NATIONWIDE COHORT STUDY EXPLORING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE CHILDREN BY PARTNERS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA OR BIPOLAR DISORDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S155-S156
Author(s):  
Aja Greve ◽  
Rudolf Uher ◽  
Thomas Damm Als ◽  
Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen ◽  
Erik Lykke Mortensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Parent Status

Abstract Background Assortative mating is common in patients with mental disorders, both for specific disorders and across the spectrum of mental disorders. Assortative mating may play a key role in mental disorders because the person with the close relation to an individual with a mental disorder is also likely to have mental disorders, poorer cognitive abilities or lower social functioning, which may further intensify problems for both partners and their offspring. When one parent is ill, the care for the child will often depend on the other parent. Thus, assortative mating will most likely contribute to outcomes in the offspring. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate possible diagnoses of a mental illness, cognitive ability and social functioning in individuals who have biological children by partners with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Further, we also aimed to explore differences in polygenic risk scores derived from genome-wide association studies for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Methods This study was based on data from The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study - VIA7, a population-based cohort study conducted in Denmark between 2013 and 2016. Subjects were identified through the Danish Civil registration System and the Danish Psychiatric Central Research register. The VIA7 cohort consists of 522 children aged 7 years with parents diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in the Danish registries (index parents) and their partners (non-index parents). This study focuses on the non-index parents (N = 492) without schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in the Danish registries. All participants were interviewed with a diagnostic interview (SCAN 2.0). Main outcomes were intelligence, processing speed, verbal working memory, and social functioning. A linear mixed effect model was applied for each of the outcomes, including parent status (index parent or non-index parent), group (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and control), and interaction between parent status and group. Results Non-index parents having children by a partner with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder more often fulfilled the criteria for a mental disorder compared to non-index parents in the control group. Non-index parents having children by a partner with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder had lower levels of social functioning compared to non-index parents in the control group and performed poorer on intelligence and processing speed. Discussion Individuals who have children by partners with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are more likely to have a mental disorder and to have lower levels of cognitive and social functioning compared to individuals who have children by partners without schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Assortative mating may have important implications for our understanding of the familial transmission of these disorders. The findings presented in this study should be considered in future genetic research in psychiatry, specifically in the investigation of potential risk factors for children with a parent with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Violence and Severe Mental Disorder in Clinical and Community Populations: The Effects of Psychotic Symptoms, Comorbidity, and Lack of Treatment

Psychiatry ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Swanson ◽  
Sue Estroff ◽  
Marvin Swartz ◽  
Randy Borum ◽  
William Lachicotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Severe Mental Disorder

scholarly journals Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mental disorder inpatients in China: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Qiuyue Ma ◽  
Fude Yang ◽  
Botao Ma ◽  
Wenzhan Jing ◽  
Jue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Background and Purpose Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common liver disease in China. However, the understanding of NAFLD prevalence among Chinese mental disorder inpatients remains insufficient. We aim to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD among mental disorder inpatients in Beijing, China. Methods In this observational study, we included 66,273 mental disorder inpatients between 2014 and 2018, including inpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder and other mental disorders. Data were obtained from electronic health records of 19 specialized psychiatric hospitals in Beijing. NAFLD was defined by ICD-10 code, excluding other causes of liver disease. We calculated the overall and annual prevalence rates of NAFLD from 2014 to 2018, and compared NAFLD prevalence between sexes, age groups, mental disorders types, antipsychotics use, and comorbidities. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine risk factors associated with NAFLD. Subgroup analysis was performed in different mental disorder types. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was 17.63% (95% CI 17.34–17.92%) in mental disorder inpatients, increasing from 16.88% in 2014 to 19.07% in 2018. The NAFLD prevalence in participants with schizophrenia (22.44%) was higher than that in participants with bipolar disorder (17.89%), depressive disorder (12.62%), and other mental disorders (12.99%). Women had similar or even higher NAFLD prevalence than men after 50 years. Men, 50–59 years (aOR = 1.71), schizophrenia (aOR = 1.56), bipolar disorder (aOR = 1.47), antipsychotics use (aOR = 1.46), hypertension (aOR = 1.50), diabetes (aOR = 1.83), dyslipidemia (aOR = 2.50) were risk factors for NAFLD in mental disorder inpatients. Conclusion NAFLD was common among Chinese mental disorder inpatients, and increased over years. The prevalence of NAFLD was higher among men, old women, inpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, antipsychotics, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Fatty liver disease among mental disorder population warrants the attention of psychiatric specialists and health policy-makers.

Bipolar disorder in childhood and adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 242-242
Author(s):  
L. Paixão ◽  
M.J. Avelino ◽  
C. Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
On Line ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Specific Symptoms

IntroductionThe diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder (BD) is still controversial in the early stages of life, not only because of its difficulty, but also because of the precaution of professionals with this diagnosis, since it is a chronic illness.AimsTo review and synthesize available information about paediatric BD.MethodsThe authors consulted, selected and reviewed information concerning the theme, mainly searched on-line articles.ResultsIt is difficult to diagnose BD in youths, considering the fewer specific symptoms and the high co-morbidity.ConclusionsDespite some disagreement on this diagnosis, BD is a valid clinical entity in children and adolescents.

Clinical and Biochemical Correlations of Aggression in Young Patients with Mental Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1544-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Duica ◽  
Elisabeta Antonescu ◽  
Mihail Pirlog ◽  
Traian Purnichi ◽  
Julianna Szakacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Serotoninergic System ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Suicide Intent

Hyperdopaminergia has been identified at impulsive or psychotic patients, the polymorphism of COMT or other enzymes that metabolize dopamine could be involved. The deficiencies of the serotoninergic system in suicidal behaviour has been mentioned by many studies that indicate the reduction of 5-HT, 5-HIAA in CSF or 5-HTT polymorphism. Young patients with psychotic or depression symptoms manifest, frequently, aggressive and self-harm behaviour. Besides the association between the young age and the aggressivity of the patients with serious mental disorders, our study shows gender differences and this matter is sustained by hormonal factors. The study was conducted at the Gheorghe Preda Psychiatric Hospital in Sibiu. The study comprises 52 patients aged between 18 and 35 who were diagnosed with the diagnosis of Schizophrenia, Bipolar Affective Disorder, Depressive Episode and Major depressive disorder according to the DSM-5 criteria. Evaluation of the severity of psychiatric and depressive symptomathology were assessed with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory; aggression and self-aggression in the patients with Schizophrenia, respectively with Bipolar disorder, depressive episode and Major depression disorder were assessed with Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire and Suicide Intent Scale. Regarding the severity of aggression in the young patients from our study (Buss Perry scale score), male gender is higher than female gender: higher percentages in males (35% and 10%) than in females (16 and 0%). Determining aggression in schizophrenia is possible due to COMT polymorphism that lead to impulsivity or psychotic symptoms. The study show a significant positive correlation between the severity of symptoms of schizophrenia and aggression. From the analysis of the severity of depression in young patients (SIS score) it is noted that its severity is higher in the female gender. Women had higher scores of moderate depression (58%) and severe (26%) than men (37 and 25%, respectively). This relationships could be possible due to the polymorphism of the gene encoding the 5-HTT serotonin transporter related with serotonin deficiency.The study do not show a significant positive correlation between the severity of the depressive symptomatology and the degree of the suicide intent.

Children of Parents with Bipolar Disorder: A Metaanalysis of Risk for Mental Disorders

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Lapalme ◽  
Sheilagh Hodgins ◽  
Catherine LaRoche
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Raw Data

Objective: To compare the prevalence rates of mental disorders among children of parents with bipolar disorder and of parents with no mental disorders. Method: Seventeen studies, meeting specific selection criteria, were included in the metaanalyses. Risks for mental disorders among children were estimated by aggregating raw data from the selected studies. Results: Results indicate that in comparison with children of parents with no mental disorders, children of parents with bipolar disorder are 2.7 times more likely to develop any mental disorder and 4.0 times more likely to develop an affective disorder. The metaanalyses indicate that during childhood and adolescence, the risks for any mental disorder and for affective disorders in children are consistently but moderately related to having a parent who suffers from bipolar disorder. Conclusions: Risk factors that could account for the psychopathology observed in children of bipolar parents are explored.

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