Variation of Catechin, epicatechin and their enantiomers concentrations before and after wheat cultivar-Puccinia triticina infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 1287-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Ghassempour ◽  
Saeed Mollayi ◽  
Mohsen Farzaneh ◽  
Abbas Sharifi-Tehrani ◽  
Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Puccinia triticina pathotypes THTT and THTS display complex transcript profiles on wheat cultivar Thatcher

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jie Wei ◽  
Liping Cui ◽  
na Zhang ◽  
dongdong Du ◽  
qingfang Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Initiation Factors ◽  
Transcript Profiles ◽  
Important Disease

Abstract Background: Wheat leaf rust is an important disease worldwide. Understanding the pathogenic molecular mechanism of Puccinia triticina Eriks . ( Pt ) and the inconstant toxic region is critical for managing the disease. The present study aimed to analyze the pathogenic divergence between Pt isolates. Results: Total RNA was extracted from the wheat cultivar Thatcher infected by two Pt isolates, Tc361_1 (THTT) and Tc284_2 (THTS), at 144 hours post inoculation (hpi). The mRNA was then sequenced, and a total of 2,784 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. Forty-five genes were specifically expressed in THTT; these genes included transcription initiation factors and genes with transmembrane transporter activity and other genes. Twenty-six genes were specifically expressed in THTS, including genes with GTPase activity, ABC transporters and other genes. Fifty-four differentially expressed candidate effectors were screened from the two isolates. Two candidate effectors were chosen and validated on tobacco, and the results showed that they could inhibit necrosis induced by BAX. qRT-PCR of 12 significant DEGs was carried out to validate that the results are similar to those of RNA-seq at 144 hpi, to show the expression levels of these DEGs in the early stage and to elucidate the differences in expression between the two Pt pathotypes. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study showed that although the two pathotypes of THTT and THTS contribute similar virulence to wheat, there are a large number of genes participate in the interaction with the susceptible wheat cultivar Thatcher, and revealed the pathogenicity of rust is very complicated.

scholarly journals A Combination of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes, Including Lr34 and Lr46, Is the Key to the Durable Resistance of the Canadian Wheat Cultivar, Carberry

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdissa E. Bokore ◽  
Ron E. Knox ◽  
Colin W. Hiebert ◽  
Richard D. Cuthbert ◽  
Ron M. DePauw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Dh Population

The hexaploid spring wheat cultivar, Carberry, was registered in Canada in 2009, and has since been grown over an extensive area on the Canadian Prairies. Carberry has maintained a very high level of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) resistance since its release. To understand the genetic basis of Carberry’s leaf rust resistance, Carberry was crossed with the susceptible cultivar, Thatcher, and a doubled haploid (DH) population of 297 lines was generated. The DH population was evaluated for leaf rust in seven field environments at the adult plant stage. Seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) to multiple virulence phenotypes of P. triticina was evaluated on the parents and the progeny population in controlled greenhouse studies. The population was genotyped with the wheat 90 K iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed. The analysis using field leaf rust response indicated that Carberry contributed nine QTL located on chromosomes 1B, 2B (2 loci), 2D, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, and 7D. The QTL located on 1B, 2B, 5B, and 7D chromosomes were observed in two or more environments, whereas the remainder were detected in single environments. The resistance on 1B, detected in five environments, was attributed to Lr46 and on 7D, detected in seven environments to Lr34. The first 2B QTL corresponded with the adult plant gene, Lr13, while the second QTL corresponded with Lr16. The seedling analysis showed that Carberry carries Lr2a, Lr16, and Lr23. Five epistatic effects were identified in the population, with synergistic interactions being observed for Lr34 with Lr46, Lr16, and Lr2a. The durable rust resistance of Carberry is attributed to Lr34 and Lr46 in combination with these other resistance genes, because the resistance has remained effective even though the P. triticina population has evolved virulent to Lr2a, Lr13, Lr16, and Lr23.

scholarly journals Role of Accumulated Calcium in Alleviating Aluminum Injury in Wheat Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alamgir Hossain ◽  
M. Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
A. K. M. Zakir Hossain ◽  
Mohd. Razi Ismail ◽  
H. Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Content ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Apoplastic Fluid ◽  
Al Treatment ◽  
Very High

Aluminum (Al) sensitive wheat cultivar kalyansona was grown for 14 d in a range of Ca solution (125, 625, and 2500 μM) plus other nutrients without Al. At 14 d after Ca treatment, half of these plants were harvested (H1), and the rest of the plants were exposed to 100 μM Al for additional 6 d and harvested (H2). Severe Al injury was found only in the plants with the lowest supply of Ca before Al treatment. Aluminum concentration in the apoplastic fluid was very high at 125 μM Ca probably because the plasma membrane of some of the cells was destroyed due to the attack of 100 μM Al. Aluminum content in roots decreased with increasing supply of Ca before Al treatment. Calcium content decreased drastically at harvest (H2) in the plants with 100 μM Al. Under Al stress conditions, the plant responded to Al in different ways due to not only the different Ca supply but also the variation of Ca content in the plant tissues. Actually, the plants having the largest Ca content in the roots before Al treatment can receive less Al injury during Al treatment. To substantiate this idea, a companion study was conducted to investigate the effects of 2500 μM Ca supply during, before, and after 100 μM Al treatment on root growth. The results indicated clearly that exogenous Ca supply before Al treatment is able to alleviate Al injury but less effective than Ca supply during Al treatment.

scholarly journals Puccinia triticina pathotypes THTT and THTS display complex transcript profiles on wheat cultivar Thatcher

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jie Wei ◽  
Liping Cui ◽  
na Zhang ◽  
dongdong Du ◽  
qingfang Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Initiation Factors ◽  
Transcript Profiles ◽  
Important Disease

Abstract Background: Wheat leaf rust is an important disease worldwide. Understanding the pathogenic molecular mechanism of Puccinia triticina Eriks. (Pt) and the inconstant toxic region is critical for managing the disease. The present study aimed to analyze the pathogenic divergence between Pt isolates. Results: Total RNA was extracted from the wheat cultivar Thatcher infected by two Pt isolates, Tc361_1 (THTT) and Tc284_2 (THTS), at 144 hours post inoculation (hpi). The mRNA was then sequenced, and a total of 2,784 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. Forty-five genes were specifically expressed in THTT; these genes included transcription initiation factors and genes with transmembrane transporter activity and other genes. Twenty-six genes were specifically expressed in THTS, including genes with GTPase activity, ABC transporters and other genes. Fifty-four differentially expressed candidate effectors were screened from the two isolates. Two candidate effectors were chosen and validated on tobacco, and the results showed that they could inhibit necrosis induced by BAX. qRT-PCR of 12 significant DEGs was carried out to validate that the results are similar to those of RNA-seq at 144 hpi, to show the expression levels of these DEGs in the early stage and to elucidate the differences in expression between the two Pt pathotypes. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study showed that although the two pathotypes of THTT and THTS contribute similar virulence to wheat, there are a large number of genes participate in the interaction with the susceptible wheat cultivar Thatcher, and revealed the pathogenicity of rust is very complicated.

scholarly journals Puccinia triticina pathotypes THTT and THTS display complex transcript profiles on wheat cultivar Thatcher

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wei ◽  
Liping Cui ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Dongdong Du ◽  
Qingfang Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Transcript Profiles

scholarly journals Shading effects on the yield of an Argentinian wheat cultivar

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Savin ◽  
G. A. Slafer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shading Effects

SUMMARYShading treatments of 50% of the incident radiation were applied to the semidwarf wheat cultivar Leones INTA before and after anthesis in two field experiments in Argentina in 1987 and 1988. The treatments reduced biological (above-ground dry matter) yield, grain yield and number of grains/m2. Number of grains/m2 was closely and linearly correlated with ear dry weight at anthesis and with the photothermal quotient, calculated from 20 days before to 10 days after anthesis. Grain yield was sink limited, and the shading treatments reduced sink strength. The contribution of preanthesis assimilates to grain yield was smaller in the shaded crops than in the unshaded controls; in unshaded crops, almost 40% of grain yield was contributed by preanthesis assimilates whilst in preanthesis shaded crops this contribution was negligible. The proportion of preanthesis assimilates contributed to the grain was closely related to the decrease in stem dry weight during grain filling. The effects of shading on main stems and tillers were the same.

scholarly journals Physiologic specialization of wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) in the Slovak Republic in 2009–2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hanzalová ◽  
T. Sumíková ◽  
J. Huszár ◽  
P. Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Almost All

In 2009–2011 virulence of the wheat leaf rust population was studied on Thatcher near-isogenic lines with Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr11, Lr13, Lr15, Lr17, Lr19, Lr21, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr28. Samples of leaf rust were obtained from different parts of the Slovak Republic. A total of 122 wheat leaf rust isolates were analysed. Resistance gene Lr19 was effective to all tested isolates. Virulence to Lr9 was found, however only in one isolate. Gene Lr24 conditioned resistance to almost all rust collections. A lower frequency of virulence to Lr2a and Lr28 was also observed. Nineteen winter wheat cultivars grown in Slovakia were tested with 8 leaf rust isolates. Winter wheat cultivar Bona Dea was resistant to all isolates applied in the greenhouse test. Presence of Lr genes was estimated according to the reactions of the tested cultivars. Presence of Lr10, Lr26, Lr34 and Lr37 was studied by molecular markers.

scholarly journals Non-hypersensitive leaf rust resistance of bread wheat cultivar PBW65 conditioned by genes different fromLr34

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Khan ◽  
R.G. Saini
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Highly Virulent

: The bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar PBW65 has shown hight levels of resistance to the most frequent and highly virulent Indian race 77-5 of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina). The infection type and disease severity indicated a non-hypersensitive type of resistance against the race 77-5 in PBW65. The cultivar PBW65 was crossed with the leaf rust susceptible cultivar WL711 to determine the mode of inheritance of the resistance. The segregation for resistant and susceptible plants in the F<sub>2</sub> and F<sub>3</sub> generations revealed, that two genes, each showing additive effects, were likely to confer resistance to leaf rust in PBW65. Intercrossing of PBW65 with Cook (Lr34), RL6058 (Lr34) and HD2009, possessing a similar resistance level like PBW65, revealed that the genes for leaf rust resistance in PBW65 were non-allelic to Cook (Lr34), RL6058 (Lr34) as well as to the gene(s) in HD2009. It is concluded that the cultivar PBW65 is a novel source of non-hypersensitive leaf rust resistance.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

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