Impact of zinc on DNA integrity and age-related inflammation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Ho ◽  
Carmen P. Wong ◽  
Janet C. King
Keyword(s):  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Age Related

Sperm Survival: Relationship to Age-Related Sperm DNA Integrity in Infertile Men

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Moskovtsev ◽  
J. Willis ◽  
J. White ◽  
J. B. M. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Sperm Dna Integrity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Sperm Survival

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Integrity: Role in Health and Disease

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sharma ◽  
Harini Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Genome Integrity ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Genome Damage ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome Stability

As the primary cellular location for respiration and energy production, mitochondria serve in a critical capacity to the cell. Yet, by virtue of this very function of respiration, mitochondria are subject to constant oxidative stress that can damage one of the unique features of this organelle, its distinct genome. Damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and loss of mitochondrial genome integrity is increasingly understood to play a role in the development of both severe early-onset maladies and chronic age-related diseases. In this article, we review the processes by which mtDNA integrity is maintained, with an emphasis on the repair of oxidative DNA lesions, and the cellular consequences of diminished mitochondrial genome stability.

102 Age-related differences in seminal parameters and expression of fertility marker genes in Marwari stallion

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
A. K. Chaudhary ◽  
G. N. Purohit ◽  
J. S. Mehta ◽  
S. K. Ravi ◽  
T. R. Talluri
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Seminal Parameters ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artificial Vagina

The objective of the present study was to observe age-related differences in seminal parameters and expression of fertility marker genes in Marwari stallions. Semen was collected from 9 Marwari stallions (6 ejaculates per stallion) of 3 different age groups (2 to 4 years, GI; 4 to 6 years, GII; and >6 years, GIII) twice a week using an artificial vagina by allowing the stallions to mount a mare. The collected ejaculate was divided into 2 parts. Part A was used for evaluation of various seminal parameters (colour, consistency, total volume, gel volume, gel-free volume, pH, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration, sperm viability, total sperm morphological abnormalities, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, and DNA integrity). Part B was centrifuged to obtain the sperm pellet for DNA extraction. Six fertility-related marker genes (SPATA1, SP17, PLCz, CRISP3, UBB, and PRM1) were examined in the spermatozoa DNA using PCR. Expression levels of these genes were also studied using quantitative real-time PCR. Data obtained were analysed statistically by one-way or two-way analysis of variance using the SPSS computer program (version 20.0; IBM Corp.). No significant difference was observed among the GI, GII, and GIII stallions for seminal parameters, except mean sperm concentration, which was lowest in 2- to 4-year-old stallions (146.06±11.50 million mL−1), intermediate in stallions >6 years old (182.03±8.51 million mL−1), and highest in stallions of 4 to 6 years (270.92±9.12 million mL−1; P<0.01). The study demonstrated that all six fertility-related genes showed differential expression in stallions from the GI, GII, and GIII groups. In addition, expression levels of the same genes varied across individuals. Expression of SPATA1, SP17, PLCz, CRISP3, UBB, and PRM1 genes was reduced in stallions below 4 years of age compared with older stallions. This result suggests that expression of these genes increases with age, although possibly only up to a certain age. We inferred that stallions around 4–6 years of age can be considered optimum to use for breeding purposes, provided seminal parameters are normal.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in human sperm DNA integrity

Aging ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 5399-5411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rosiak-Gill ◽  
Kamil Gill ◽  
Joanna Jakubik ◽  
Monika Fraczek ◽  
Lukasz Patorski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Sperm ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Sperm Dna Integrity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Age Related Changes

Spindle shaped bodies in foveolar cones of the baboon retina

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 960-961
Author(s):  
W. Krebs ◽  
I. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Retinal Photoreceptor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cone Cells ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Oriented Parallel ◽  
Shaped Inclusion

Various inclusion bodies occur in vertebrate retinal photoreceptor cells. Most of them are membrane bound and associated with phagocytosis or they are age related residual bodies. We found an additional inclusion body in foveal cone cells of the baboon (Papio anubis) retina.The eyes of a 15 year old baboon were fixed by immersion in cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde (2%)/formaldehyde (2%) as described in detail elsewhere . Pieces of retina from various locations, including the fovea, were embedded in epoxy resin such that radial or tangential sections could be cut.Spindle shaped inclusion bodies were found in the cytoplasm of only foveal cones. They were abundant in the inner segments, close to the external limiting membrane (Fig. 1). But they also occurred in the outer fibers, the perikarya, and the inner fibers (Henle’s fibers) of the cone cells. The bodies were between 0.5 and 2 μm long. Their central diameter was 0.2 to 0. 3 μm. They always were oriented parallel to the long axis of the cone cells. In longitudinal sections (Figs. 2,3) they seemed to have a fibrous skeleton that, in cross sections, turned out to consist of plate-like (Fig.4) and tubular profiles (Fig. 5).

Autophagy and ageing: implications for age-related neurodegenerative diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Carroll ◽  
Graeme Hewitt ◽  
Viktor I. Korolchuk
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Intracellular Degradation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction ◽  
Autophagy Activity ◽  
Intense Research

Autophagy is a process of lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation that participates in the liberation of resources including amino acids and energy to maintain homoeostasis. Autophagy is particularly important in stress conditions such as nutrient starvation and any perturbation in the ability of the cell to activate or regulate autophagy can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. An area of intense research interest is the role and indeed the fate of autophagy during cellular and organismal ageing. Age-related disorders are associated with increased cellular stress and assault including DNA damage, reduced energy availability, protein aggregation and accumulation of damaged organelles. A reduction in autophagy activity has been observed in a number of ageing models and its up-regulation via pharmacological and genetic methods can alleviate age-related pathologies. In particular, autophagy induction can enhance clearance of toxic intracellular waste associated with neurodegenerative diseases and has been comprehensively demonstrated to improve lifespan in yeast, worms, flies, rodents and primates. The situation, however, has been complicated by the identification that autophagy up-regulation can also occur during ageing. Indeed, in certain situations, reduced autophagosome induction may actually provide benefits to ageing cells. Future studies will undoubtedly improve our understanding of exactly how the multiple signals that are integrated to control appropriate autophagy activity change during ageing, what affect this has on autophagy and to what extent autophagy contributes to age-associated pathologies. Identification of mechanisms that influence a healthy lifespan is of economic, medical and social importance in our ‘ageing’ world.

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

Age-Related Differences in Processing Dynamic Information to Identify Vowel Quality

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 892-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Allen Fox ◽  
Lida G. Wall ◽  
Jeanne Gokcen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Process Dynamic ◽  
Center Condition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Control Version ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Whole Word

This study examined age-related differences in the use of dynamic acoustic information (in the form of formant transitions) to identify vowel quality in CVCs. Two versions of 61 naturally produced, commonly occurring, monosyllabic English words were created: a control version (the unmodified whole word) and a silent-center version (in which approximately 62% of the medial vowel was replaced by silence). A group of normal-hearing young adults (19–25 years old) and older adults (61–75 years old) identified these tokens. The older subjects were found to be significantly worse than the younger subjects at identifying the medial vowel and the initial and final consonants in the silent-center condition. These results support the hypothesis of an age-related decrement in the ability to process dynamic perceptual cues in the perception of vowel quality.

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