scholarly journals Interacting climate change environmental factors effects on Fusarium langsethiae growth, expression of Tri genes and T-2/HT-2 mycotoxin production on oat-based media and in stored oats

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (8) ◽  
pp. 618-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Verheecke-Vaessen ◽  
Lucia Diez-Gutierrez ◽  
Justin Renaud ◽  
Mark Sumarah ◽  
Angel Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Fusarium Langsethiae

Intra-species variability in Fusarium langsethiae strains in growth and T-2/HT-2 mycotoxin production in response to climate change abiotic factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
C. Verheecke-Vaessen ◽  
A. Lopez-Pietro ◽  
E. Garcia-Cela ◽  
A. Medina ◽  
N. Magan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Fusarium Langsethiae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Species Variability ◽  
Lag Phases

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential intra-species variability of 3 Fusarium langsethiae strains in response to extreme climate change (CC) conditions on an oat-based matrix. The impact of elevated temperature (25 vs 30-34 °C) coupled with increasing drought stress (0.98 vs 0.95 aw) and elevated CO2 (400 vs 1000 ppm) were examined on lag phases prior to growth, growth rate, and production of the mycotoxins T-2 and HT-2 and their ratio. In comparison to the control conditions (25 °C; 0.98; 400 ppm), exposure to increased temperature (30-34 °C), showed similar reductions in the lag phase and fungal growth rates of all 3 strains. However, with elevated CO2 a reduction in both lag phases prior to growth and growth rate occurred regardless of the aw examined. For T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxin production, T-2 showed the most intra-species variability in response to the interacting abiotic stress factors, with the 3 strains having different environmental conditions for triggering increases in T-2 production: Strain 1 produced higher T-2 toxin at 25 °C, while Strain 2 and the type strain (Fl201059) produced most at 0.98 aw/30 °C. Only Strain 2 showed a reduction in toxin production when exposed to elevated CO2. HT-2 production was higher at 25 °C for the type strain and higher at 30-34 °C for the other two strains, regardless of the aw or CO2 level examined. The HT-2/T-2 ratio showed no significant differences due to the imposed interacting CC abiotic conditions.

Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural Production

2022 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Helena Esteves Correia ◽  
Daniela de Vasconcelos Teixeira Agu Costa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Ozone Level ◽  
Average Temperature

Agricultural production is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, air humidity, soil water, light intensity, and CO2 concentration. However, climate change has influenced the values of average temperature, precipitation, global atmospheric CO2 concentration, or ozone level. Thus, climate change could lead to different situations on plants and consequently influence agricultural production. With this chapter, the authors intend to research how climate change influences some plant metabolisms (such as photosynthesis, photorespiration, transpiration, among others) and therefore agricultural production.

scholarly journals Hukum Minimum Liebig - Sebuah Ulasan dan Aplikasi Dalam Biologi Kontemporer

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Achmmad Mustaqim
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Half Century

Optimum plant growth depends on numerous ecological factors. In relation to this theme, there is an old law called Law of the Minimum Liebig. The postulate discussed the growth of the plant that is determined by the scarcest environmental factors. It is one of the oldest ecological postulate proposed more than one and a half-century ago. It has become one of the most important foundations for agriculture and biology, even the in contemporary biology. This short review will provide the history, principles, development and criticism, and applications in some recent biological sciences, including evolution, conservation, ecological indicator and even climate change.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental factors on Tigriopus fulvus, Fischer 1860, a Mediterranean harpacticoid copepod

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Bonello ◽  
Cristiano Angelini ◽  
Luigi Pane
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepod ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Extinction Event

Tigriopus fulvus (Fischer, 1860) is a benthic harpacticoid copepod of the Mediterranean supralittoral zone. The transitional characteristics of this environment forced this species to develop high resistance to changes of environmental parameters. Nevertheless, Tigriopus fulvus life-cycle is influenced from the splashpools physical-chemical parameters. In this paper, we present the results of a supralittoral monitoring performed in 2014, confirming the influence of some of these environmental parameters on population buildups. Because of recent worldwide climate change effects, a threat might have been posed on this particularly exposed organism, whose population density decreased of a sixfold value in the last 30 years. During the three pools (A, B, C) monitoring, the maximum copepod density recorded was 1456 Ind/l (September 2014, Pool C), alongside first records of extinction event for Tigriopus fulvus.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature, Water Activity and Carbon Dioxide on Fungal Growth and Mycotoxin Production of Acclimatised Isolates of Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladi Peter Mshelia ◽  
Jinap Selamat ◽  
Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Noor-Azira Abdul Mutalib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Co2 Levels

Climate change is primarily manifested by elevated temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and is projected to provide suitable cultivation grounds for pests and pathogens in the otherwise unsuitable regions. The impacts of climate change have been predicted in many parts of the world, which could threaten global food safety and food security. The aim of the present work was therefore to examine the interacting effects of water activity (aw) (0.92, 0.95, 0.98 aw), CO2 (400, 800, 1200 ppm) and temperature (30, 35 °C and 30, 33 °C for Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum, respectively) on fungal growth and mycotoxin production of acclimatised isolates of F. verticillioides and F. graminearum isolated from maize. To determine fungal growth, the colony diameters were measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The mycotoxins produced were quantified using a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF-MS) combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system. For F. verticillioides, the optimum conditions for growth of fumonisin B1 (FB1), and fumonisin B2 (FB2) were 30 °C + 0.98 aw + 400 ppm CO2. These conditions were also optimum for F. graminearum growth, and zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Since 30 °C and 400 ppm CO2 were the baseline treatments, it was hence concluded that the elevated temperature and CO2 levels tested did not seem to significantly impact fungal growth and mycotoxin production of acclimatised Fusarium isolates. To the best of our knowledge thus far, the present work described for the first time the effects of simulated climate change conditions on fungal growth and mycotoxin production of acclimatised isolates of F. verticillioides and F. graminearum.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variations in Mercury Bioaccumulation at Fine and Broad Scales for Two Freshwater Sport Fishes

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Thomas ◽  
Stephanie Melles ◽  
Satyendra Bhavsar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Change Context ◽  
Mercury Bioaccumulation ◽  
Broad Scale

Bioaccumulation of mercury in sport fish is a complex process that varies in space and time. Both large-scale climatic as well as fine-scale environmental factors are drivers of these space-time variations. In this study, we avail a long-running monitoring program from Ontario, Canada to better understand spatiotemporal variations in fish mercury bioaccumulation at two distinct scales. Focusing on two common large-bodied sport fishes (Walleye and Northern Pike), the data were analyzed at fine- and broad-scales, where fine-scale implies variations in bioaccumulation at waterbody- and year-level and broad-scale captures variations across 3 latitudinal zones (~5° each) and eight time periods (~5-year each). A series of linear mixed-effects models (LMEMs) were employed to capture the spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal variations in mercury bioaccumulation. Fine-scale models were overall better fit than broad-scale models suggesting environmental factors operating at the waterbody-level and annual climatic conditions matter most. Moreover, for both scales, the space time interaction explained most of the variation. The random slopes from the best-fitting broad-scale model were used to define a bioaccumulation index that captures trends within a climate change context. The broad-scale trends suggests of multiple and potentially conflicting climate-driven mechanisms. Interestingly, broad-scale temporal trends showed contrasting bioaccumulation patterns—increasing in Northern Pike and decreasing in Walleye, thus suggesting species-specific ecological differences also matter. Overall, by taking a scale-specific approach, the study highlights the overwhelming influence of fine-scale variations and their interactions on mercury bioaccumulation; while at broad-scale the mercury bioaccumulation trends are summarized within a climate change context.

scholarly journals The Role of Individual and Small-Area Social and Environmental Factors on Heat Vulnerability to Mortality Within and Outside of the Home in Boston, MA

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusta Williams ◽  
Joseph Allen ◽  
Paul Catalano ◽  
John Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Relative Odds ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
At Home

Climate change is resulting in heatwaves that are more frequent, severe, and longer lasting, which is projected to double-to-triple the heat-related mortality in Boston, MA if adequate climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies are not implemented. A case-only analysis was used to examine subject and small-area neighborhood characteristics that modified the association between hot days and mortality. Deaths of Boston, Massachusetts residents that occurred from 2000–2015 were analyzed in relation to the daily temperature and heat index during the warm season as part of the case-only analysis. The modification by small-area (census tract, CT) social, and environmental (natural and built) factors was assessed. At-home mortality on hot days was driven by both social and environmental factors, differentially across the City of Boston census tracts, with a greater proportion of low-to-no income individuals or those with limited English proficiency being more highly represented among those who died during the study period; but small-area built environment features, like street trees and enhanced energy efficiency, were able to reduce the relative odds of death within and outside the home. At temperatures below current local thresholds used for heat warnings and advisories, there was increased relative odds of death from substance abuse and assault-related altercations. Geographic weighted regression analyses were used to examine these relationships spatially within a subset of at-home deaths with high-resolution temperature and humidity data. This revealed spatially heterogeneous associations between at-home mortality and social and environmental vulnerability factors.

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