Other environmental factors: wind, altitude, climate change and atmospheric pollutants

In recent years, safeguarding approaches and environmental management initiatives have been adopted both by international institutions and local governments , aimed at sustainable use of natural resources and their restoration, in order to manage hazard level of climate change consequences (urban flooding, droughts and water shortages, sea level rise, issues with food security).Cities represent the main collectors of these effects, consequently they need to implement specific adaptation plans mitigating consequences of such future events: Green Infrastructures (G.I.) fall within the most effective tools for achieving the goal. In the urban context, they also identify themselves as valid strategies for biodiversity recovery and ecological functions.This work analyzes the role of a G.I. in an urban environment, with the aim of quantifying Ecosystem Services (E.S.) provided by vegetation: through usage of i-Tree, specific software suite for E.S. quantification, the sustainability offered by &#8220;Le Vallere&#8221; park, a 34-hectares greenspace spread between municipalities of Turin and Moncalieri (Italy), was analyzed, in collaboration with the related management institution (Ente di gestione delle Aree Protette del Po torinese). The study, carried out using two specific tools (i-Tree Eco and i-Tree Hydro), focuses on different aspects: carbon sequestration and storage, atmospheric pollutants reduction, avoided water runoff and water quality improvement are just some of the environmental benefits generated by tree population. Tools enable to carry out the analysis also from an economic point of view, evaluating monetary benefits brought by the green infrastructure both at present day and in the future, &#160;taking into account climate change effects through projections based on the regional climatic model COSMO-CLM (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios).The work led to deepen potential held by the greenspace, helping the cooperating management institution &#160;to plan future territorial agenda and to find innovative approaches for an integrated and sustainable hazard control.

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Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Odorants from Pig Slurry - Effect on the Environment and Methods of its Reduction

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.1515/eces-2018-0026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 383-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marta Marszałek ◽

Zygmunt Kowalski ◽

Agnieszka Makara

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Atmospheric Pollutants ◽

Gaseous Pollutants ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Heterogeneous Mixture ◽

Liquid Fertilizer ◽

Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Abstract Pig slurry is classified as a natural liquid fertilizer, which is a heterogeneous mixture of urine, faeces, remnants of feed and technological water, used to remove excrement and maintain the hygiene of livestock housing. The storage and distribution of pig slurry on farmland affect the environment as they are associated with, among others, the emission of various types of gaseous pollutants, mainly CH4, CO2, N2O, NH3, H2S, and other odorants. Methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are greenhouse gases (GHGs) which contribute to climate change by increasing the greenhouse effect. Ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are malodorous gases responsible for the occurrence of odour nuisance which, due to their toxicity, may endanger the health and lives of humans and animals. NH3 also influences the increase of atmosphere and soil acidification. The article presents the environmental impact of greenhouse gases and odorous compounds emitted from pig slurry. Key gaseous atmospheric pollutants such as NH3, H2S, CH4, CO2 and N2O have been characterized. Furthermore, methods to reduce the emission of odours and GHGs from pig slurry during its storage and agricultural usage have been discussed.

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Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural Production

10.4018/978-1-7998-9557-2.ch006 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 99-114

Author(s):

Helena Esteves Correia ◽

Daniela de Vasconcelos Teixeira Agu Costa

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Soil Water ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Atmospheric Co2 ◽

Air Humidity ◽

Ozone Level ◽

Average Temperature

Agricultural production is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, air humidity, soil water, light intensity, and CO2 concentration. However, climate change has influenced the values of average temperature, precipitation, global atmospheric CO2 concentration, or ozone level. Thus, climate change could lead to different situations on plants and consequently influence agricultural production. With this chapter, the authors intend to research how climate change influences some plant metabolisms (such as photosynthesis, photorespiration, transpiration, among others) and therefore agricultural production.

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Hukum Minimum Liebig - Sebuah Ulasan dan Aplikasi Dalam Biologi Kontemporer

Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment ◽

10.24843/blje.2018.v18.i01.p04 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wendy Achmmad Mustaqim

Keyword(s):

Biological Sciences ◽

Climate Change ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Short Review ◽

Ecological Indicator ◽

Half Century

Optimum plant growth depends on numerous ecological factors. In relation to this theme, there is an old law called Law of the Minimum Liebig. The postulate discussed the growth of the plant that is determined by the scarcest environmental factors. It is one of the oldest ecological postulate proposed more than one and a half-century ago. It has become one of the most important foundations for agriculture and biology, even the in contemporary biology. This short review will provide the history, principles, development and criticism, and applications in some recent biological sciences, including evolution, conservation, ecological indicator and even climate change.

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Effects of environmental factors on Tigriopus fulvus, Fischer 1860, a Mediterranean harpacticoid copepod

Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale ◽

10.4081/jbr.2018.7113 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guido Bonello ◽

Cristiano Angelini ◽

Luigi Pane

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Population Density ◽

Harpacticoid Copepod ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Climate Change Effects ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Extinction Event

Tigriopus fulvus (Fischer, 1860) is a benthic harpacticoid copepod of the Mediterranean supralittoral zone. The transitional characteristics of this environment forced this species to develop high resistance to changes of environmental parameters. Nevertheless, Tigriopus fulvus life-cycle is influenced from the splashpools physical-chemical parameters. In this paper, we present the results of a supralittoral monitoring performed in 2014, confirming the influence of some of these environmental parameters on population buildups. Because of recent worldwide climate change effects, a threat might have been posed on this particularly exposed organism, whose population density decreased of a sixfold value in the last 30 years. During the three pools (A, B, C) monitoring, the maximum copepod density recorded was 1456 Ind/l (September 2014, Pool C), alongside first records of extinction event for Tigriopus fulvus.

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Spatiotemporal Variations in Mercury Bioaccumulation at Fine and Broad Scales for Two Freshwater Sport Fishes

Water ◽

10.3390/w10111625 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1625 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shyam Thomas ◽

Stephanie Melles ◽

Satyendra Bhavsar

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Northern Pike ◽

Space Time ◽

Fine Scale ◽

Spatiotemporal Variations ◽

Scale Models ◽

Change Context ◽

Mercury Bioaccumulation ◽

Broad Scale

Bioaccumulation of mercury in sport fish is a complex process that varies in space and time. Both large-scale climatic as well as fine-scale environmental factors are drivers of these space-time variations. In this study, we avail a long-running monitoring program from Ontario, Canada to better understand spatiotemporal variations in fish mercury bioaccumulation at two distinct scales. Focusing on two common large-bodied sport fishes (Walleye and Northern Pike), the data were analyzed at fine- and broad-scales, where fine-scale implies variations in bioaccumulation at waterbody- and year-level and broad-scale captures variations across 3 latitudinal zones (~5° each) and eight time periods (~5-year each). A series of linear mixed-effects models (LMEMs) were employed to capture the spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal variations in mercury bioaccumulation. Fine-scale models were overall better fit than broad-scale models suggesting environmental factors operating at the waterbody-level and annual climatic conditions matter most. Moreover, for both scales, the space time interaction explained most of the variation. The random slopes from the best-fitting broad-scale model were used to define a bioaccumulation index that captures trends within a climate change context. The broad-scale trends suggests of multiple and potentially conflicting climate-driven mechanisms. Interestingly, broad-scale temporal trends showed contrasting bioaccumulation patterns—increasing in Northern Pike and decreasing in Walleye, thus suggesting species-specific ecological differences also matter. Overall, by taking a scale-specific approach, the study highlights the overwhelming influence of fine-scale variations and their interactions on mercury bioaccumulation; while at broad-scale the mercury bioaccumulation trends are summarized within a climate change context.

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The Role of Individual and Small-Area Social and Environmental Factors on Heat Vulnerability to Mortality Within and Outside of the Home in Boston, MA

Climate ◽

10.3390/cli8020029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Augusta Williams ◽

Joseph Allen ◽

Paul Catalano ◽

John Spengler

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Limited English Proficiency ◽

Small Area ◽

Warm Season ◽

Heat Index ◽

Relative Odds ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Hot Days ◽

At Home

Climate change is resulting in heatwaves that are more frequent, severe, and longer lasting, which is projected to double-to-triple the heat-related mortality in Boston, MA if adequate climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies are not implemented. A case-only analysis was used to examine subject and small-area neighborhood characteristics that modified the association between hot days and mortality. Deaths of Boston, Massachusetts residents that occurred from 2000–2015 were analyzed in relation to the daily temperature and heat index during the warm season as part of the case-only analysis. The modification by small-area (census tract, CT) social, and environmental (natural and built) factors was assessed. At-home mortality on hot days was driven by both social and environmental factors, differentially across the City of Boston census tracts, with a greater proportion of low-to-no income individuals or those with limited English proficiency being more highly represented among those who died during the study period; but small-area built environment features, like street trees and enhanced energy efficiency, were able to reduce the relative odds of death within and outside the home. At temperatures below current local thresholds used for heat warnings and advisories, there was increased relative odds of death from substance abuse and assault-related altercations. Geographic weighted regression analyses were used to examine these relationships spatially within a subset of at-home deaths with high-resolution temperature and humidity data. This revealed spatially heterogeneous associations between at-home mortality and social and environmental vulnerability factors.

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Hurricanes and their Environmental Effects in the United States

International Supply Chain Technology Journal ◽

10.20545/isctj.v3i11.127 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Telisa Fears ◽

Katrina Walls ◽

Jeffalyn Johnson ◽

Courtney Boston

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

United States ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Hurricane Katrina ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

Ecological Systems ◽

Ecological Effects ◽

Human Understanding ◽

The U.S

Previous research concerning climate change in the United States clearly illustrates the necessity for observing how ecological systems are influenced by natural disasters (Staudinger et. al. 2013; Nelson et. al. 2013). Traditionally, ecology is concerned with the relationships between organisms (human and other living beings) and their environment (Tyler & Spoolman, 2013). Human understanding of how organisms are affected by, how they adapt to, and how they work to sustain their environment has become even more diverse in recent years (Staudinger et. al. 2013). This may be due to a number of environmental factors that have occurred in recent years. However, this paper seeks to examine the ecological effects of the wind factor. In particular, we address the ecological effects of hurricanes as it relates to (1) environmental outcomes and alterations among organisms in the United States, (2) the well-being and adaptation of human and organismic life (i.e. animals, plants, etc.) post Hurricane Katrina and Camille (3) and how hurricanes alter and transform health and restoration patterns in the U.S.

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Projecting the impact of climate change on the transmission of Ross River virus: methodological challenges and research needs

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268814000399 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 142 (10) ◽

pp. 2013-2023 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. YU ◽

P. DALE ◽

L. TURNER ◽

S. TONG

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Development ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Ross River Virus ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Development Scenarios ◽

Methodological Challenges ◽

The Impact

SUMMARYRoss River virus (RRV) is the most common vector-borne disease in Australia. It is vitally important to make appropriate projections on the future spread of RRV under various climate change scenarios because such information is essential for policy-makers to identify vulnerable communities and to better manage RRV epidemics. However, there are many methodological challenges in projecting the impact of climate change on the transmission of RRV disease. This study critically examined the methodological issues and proposed possible solutions. A literature search was conducted between January and October 2012, using the electronic databases Medline, Web of Science and PubMed. Nineteen relevant papers were identified. These studies demonstrate that key challenges for projecting future climate change on RRV disease include: (1) a complex ecology (e.g. many mosquito vectors, immunity, heterogeneous in both time and space); (2) unclear interactions between social and environmental factors; and (3) uncertainty in climate change modelling and socioeconomic development scenarios. Future risk assessments of climate change will ultimately need to better understand the ecology of RRV disease and to integrate climate change scenarios with local socioeconomic and environmental factors, in order to develop effective adaptation strategies to prevent or reduce RRV transmission.

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