Intra-species variability in Fusarium langsethiae strains in growth and T-2/HT-2 mycotoxin production in response to climate change abiotic factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
C. Verheecke-Vaessen ◽  
A. Lopez-Pietro ◽  
E. Garcia-Cela ◽  
A. Medina ◽  
N. Magan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Fusarium Langsethiae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Species Variability ◽  
Lag Phases

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential intra-species variability of 3 Fusarium langsethiae strains in response to extreme climate change (CC) conditions on an oat-based matrix. The impact of elevated temperature (25 vs 30-34 °C) coupled with increasing drought stress (0.98 vs 0.95 aw) and elevated CO2 (400 vs 1000 ppm) were examined on lag phases prior to growth, growth rate, and production of the mycotoxins T-2 and HT-2 and their ratio. In comparison to the control conditions (25 °C; 0.98; 400 ppm), exposure to increased temperature (30-34 °C), showed similar reductions in the lag phase and fungal growth rates of all 3 strains. However, with elevated CO2 a reduction in both lag phases prior to growth and growth rate occurred regardless of the aw examined. For T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxin production, T-2 showed the most intra-species variability in response to the interacting abiotic stress factors, with the 3 strains having different environmental conditions for triggering increases in T-2 production: Strain 1 produced higher T-2 toxin at 25 °C, while Strain 2 and the type strain (Fl201059) produced most at 0.98 aw/30 °C. Only Strain 2 showed a reduction in toxin production when exposed to elevated CO2. HT-2 production was higher at 25 °C for the type strain and higher at 30-34 °C for the other two strains, regardless of the aw or CO2 level examined. The HT-2/T-2 ratio showed no significant differences due to the imposed interacting CC abiotic conditions.

scholarly journals The interaction between a parasite and sub-optimal temperatures contributes to honey bee decline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Frizzera ◽  
Laura Andreuzza ◽  
Giulia Boaro ◽  
Mauro D'Agaro ◽  
Simone Del Fabbro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Insect Decline ◽  
The Impact

Global insect decline and, in particular, honey bee colony losses are related to multiple stress factors, including landscape deterioration, pollution, parasites and climate change. However, the implications of the interaction among different stress factors for insect health are still poorly understood; in particular, little is known on how challenging environmental conditions can influence the impact of parasites. Here we exploited the honey bee as a model system to approach this problem and carried out extensive lab and field work aiming at assessing how suboptimal temperatures and parasitic challenges can alter the homeostatic balance of individual bees and the whole colony, leading to individual death and colony collapse. We found that mite infestation further than increasing the mortality of bees, induces an anorexia that in turn reduces the capacity of bees to thermoregulate, thus exposing them to the detrimental effect of lower temperatures. This, in turn, has dramatic implications for the colony as a whole. The results highlight the important role that abiotic factors can have in shaping the effect of parasitic challenges on honey bees. Furthermore, the multilevel and holistic approach adopted here can represent a useful template for similar studies on other insect species, which are particularly urgent in view of climate change and the continuous pressure of natural and exotic parasites on insect populations.

scholarly journals Challenges – the impact of climate change on the nutritional management of Hungarian orchards

2018 ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Péter Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact

The agricultural sector is increasingly exposed to both environmental and economic risks due to the phenomena of climate change and climate variability. Fruit growth and productivity are adversely affected by nature’s wrath in the form of various abiotic stress factors. Climate change and extreme climatic events are predicted to increase in intensity, frequency, and geographic extent as a consequence of global climate change. It is no doubt that frequency of unexpected climatic events and their growing rate result in an increasing amount of problems for fruit growers globally. Today, climate change impacts are the most serious problems for Hungarian fruit growers as well. It can be stated that the nutrient demand of fruit trees can be supplied only under even worse conditions. Therefore, it is so important to know and apply adaptation and mitigation strategies in horticulture to improve fruit quality and yield. In the last ten years, at the Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management at University of Debrecen expanded studies have been made to prove the importance of groundcover management in horticultural applications. In this mini review paper, is presented, how the university's researches contributed to the expansion of knowledge of preservation of soil moisture and what advice we can provide for fruit growers to face the challenges of climate change.

scholarly journals The Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors on Development of European Ash Tissue Cultures

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nawrot-Chorabik ◽  
Małgorzata Sułkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Osmenda ◽  
Vasyl Mohytych ◽  
Ewa Surówka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Ash

Fraxinus excelsior L. is threatened by a variety of environmental factors causing a decline of the species. The most important biotic factors negatively affecting the condition of the F. excelsior population are fungi such as the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Abiotic factors with potentially harmful effect to the F. excelsior population are the accumulation of heavy metals and salinity in soils. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of selected biotic and abiotic stress factors to determine which of them pose a threat to European ash. The study was conducted using in vitro techniques based on callus and seedlings regenerated via indirect organogenesis. Tissue cultures exclude the influence of other factors, including the environmental impact on ash extinction. The results confirmed very strong pathogenic potential of H. fraxineus in which after 14 days the callus tissue cells died as the tissue failed to activate its defense mechanisms. Experiments showed the high toxicity of cadmium in concentration of 0.027 mmol/L. Salinity caused the activity of oxidation enzymes to vary among seedlings and calluses in the control suggesting the enzymes play a role in controlling the morphogenetic development of tissue cultures.

scholarly journals Effects of the Environmental Temperature on Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes: A Review

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Reinhold ◽  
Claudio Lazzari ◽  
Chloé Lahondère
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The temperature of the environment is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting the life of insects. As poikilotherms, their body temperature is not constant, and they rely on various strategies to minimize the risk of thermal stress. They have been thus able to colonize a large spectrum of habitats. Mosquitoes, such as Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, vector many pathogens, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. The spread of these diseases has become a major global health concern, and it is predicted that climate change will affect the mosquitoes’ distribution, which will allow these insects to bring new pathogens to naïve populations. We synthesize here the current knowledge on the impact of temperature on the mosquito flight activity and host-seeking behavior (1); ecology and dispersion (2); as well as its potential effect on the pathogens themselves and how climate can affect the transmission of some of these pathogens (3).

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on Changing Patten of Maize Diseases in Indian Subcontinent: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Shekhar ◽  
Nirupma Singh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Central India ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
North India ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Climate change influences the occurrence, prevalence, and severity of plant pathogens. Global temperatures are predicted to rise by 2–4°C due to human activities and increased market globalization, coupled with rising temperatures, leads to a situation favorable to pest movement and establishment. Maize is an important crop after wheat and rice. Changes in rainfall distribution and temperature may result in temporary excessive soil moisture or water logging or drought in some maize producing areas leading to alterations in biotic stress factors. In Indian subcontinent warming trend in climate along the west coast, central, interior peninsula and northeast regions creates favorable conditions for diseases in maize like sorghum downy mildew (SDM) and Turcicum leaf blight (TLB). The decreasing trend of monsoon, seasonal rainfall in North India, Central India, parts of Gujarat and Kerala is suitable for post flowering stalk-rot (PFSR) which is gaining importance in maize. The outcome for any host-pathogen interaction under changing climate is not readily predictable. This review assesses the potential effects of climate change on maize pathogens and consequently on plant health. The evidence assessed indicates that climate change has already expanded pathogen’s host range and geographical distribution increasing the risk of introduction of pathogens into new areas.

Healthy Cities – Resilient Cities. Urban development in the context of climate change

BUILDER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Jacek Wiszniowski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Healthy Cities ◽  
The Impact

The impact of climate change is more and more often taken into account in urban development strategies and concerns mainly reducing threats and protection against the effects of extreme phenomena. Stress factors that are mainly related to civilization changes (economic and technological progress) and environmental changes (nature, resources, and climate) test a city's ability to remain functional in spite of crises. With this in mind, it is necessary to review the development strategies of contemporary cities identify the main course of action aimed at increasing the resistance to threats at the global, regional and local level, identify instruments that help in the planning of adaptations, and assess the scope of such plans. In Poland, the idea of developing healthy and resilient cities is not as popular as in other countries. The first adaptation strategies generally focus on the risks related to extreme weather events. It is expected that subsequent plans will gradually extend the scope of adaptation, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic made us realize that crisis management is insufficient and that the city's resilience should be developed. This paper explores the idea of Healthy Cities and other contemporary concepts of urban spatial development in the context of climate change. The author puts forward a thesis about the influence of the climate agenda on the transformation of the idea of Healthy Cities into the concept of Resilient Cities. The work includes an analysis of the development strategies of European cities, with particular emphasis on the largest cities in Poland, regarding the adaptation of the urban environment to the existing and projected climate hazards. The research goal is to evaluate the strategies for city development adopted by cities in their strategic documents as well as to assess the scale of climate change and its impact on the spatial development policy.

scholarly journals Interacting climate change environmental factors effects on Fusarium langsethiae growth, expression of Tri genes and T-2/HT-2 mycotoxin production on oat-based media and in stored oats

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (8) ◽  
pp. 618-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Verheecke-Vaessen ◽  
Lucia Diez-Gutierrez ◽  
Justin Renaud ◽  
Mark Sumarah ◽  
Angel Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Fusarium Langsethiae

scholarly journals Stern review on the economics of climate change: implications for Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apurba Roy ◽  
Mohammed Ziaul Haider
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Stern Review ◽  
Cent Level ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of climate change on economic development in Bangladesh. More specifically, the research aims to figure out the influence of climate change on gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate related to different sectors such as agriculture, forest, water, health and infrastructure. It also attempts to explore the effect of climate change on the coastal economy of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach A set of statistical and econometric techniques, including descriptive and correlation analysis and time series regression model, was applied to address the objective of the research. Sector-wise time series economic data were collected from the World Bank for the period between 1971 and 2013. Climate data were received from the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council online database for the period between 1948 and 2013. Findings The results from the statistical analysis show that climate variables such as temperature and rainfall have changed between 1948 and 2013 in the context of Bangladesh. The econometric regression analysis demonstrates that an increase by 1°C of annual mean temperature leads to a decrease in the GDP growth rate by 0.44 per cent on average, which is statistically significant at the 5 per cent level. On the other hand, the estimated coefficients of agriculture, industry, services, urbanization and export are positively associated with GDP growth rate, and these are statistically significant at the 1 per cent level. Sector-wise correlation analysis provides statistical evidence that climate change is negatively associated with various sectors, such as agriculture, forest, human health and arable land. In contrast, it has a positive relation to water access and electricity consumption. Analysis of coastal regions shows that climate change negatively affects the local economic sectors of the coastal zone of the country. Originality/value Although this study has received significant insight from the world-renowned research publication “The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review”, there is a dearth of research on the economic impact of climate change in the context of Bangladesh. The findings of the paper provide deep insight into and comprehensive views of policy makers on the impact of climate change on economic growth and various sectors in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on the Distribution of Four Closely Related Orchis (Orchidaceae) Species

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Alexandra Evans ◽  
Sam Janssens ◽  
Hans Jacquemyn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Population Demographic ◽  
The Impact

Long-term monitoring programs and population demographic models have shown that the population dynamics of orchids are to a large extent dependent on prevailing weather conditions, suggesting that the changes in climatic conditions can have far reaching effects on the population dynamics and hence the distribution of orchids. Although a better understanding of the effects of climate change on the distribution of plants has become increasingly important during the final years, only a few studies have investigated the effects of changing temperature and precipitation on the distribution of orchids. In this study, we investigated the impact of climate change on the distribution of four terrestrial orchid species (Orchis anthropophora, Orchis militaris, Orchis purpurea and Orchis simia). Using bioclimatic data for current and future climate scenarios, habitat suitability, range shifts and the impact of different abiotic factors on the range of each species were modelled using Maxent. The results revealed an increase in suitable habitat area for O. anthropophora, O. purpurea and O. simia under each RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) scenario, while a decrease was observed for O. militaris. Furthermore, all four of the orchids showed a shift to higher latitudes under the three RCPs leading to a significant range extension under mild climate change. Under severe climate change, a significant decline in the distribution area at the warm edge of their distributions was observed. Overall, these results show that mild climate change may be beneficial for the studied orchid species and lead to range expansion. However, continued warming may yet prove detrimental, as all species also showed pronounced declines at lower latitudes when temperature increases were larger than 4 °C.

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