Supplementary education and the coronavirus pandemic: Economic vitality, business spatiality and societal value in the private tuition industry during the first wave of Covid-19 in England

Although the importance of entrepreneurship is evident and interest continues to grow, high-growth ventures tend to be featured because they produce a significant amount of job and wealth creation in the United States. Some have argued that the focus of public policy should be on these ventures, while others argue for a more diverse approach to effective public policy and entrepreneurship. This article offers a “portfolio approach” to public policy that focuses on the types of entrepreneurial ventures that demonstrate the epitome of competition and provide the greatest societal value. The types of ventures may be classified in terms of size (microenterprise, small/lifestyle, medium size, and gazelle) and growth rate (low, managed, or fast growth). Each type has different needs and makes unique contributions to the economic vitality and value of society.

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Providing additional education services for children: Challenges and solutions

Regional Economics Theory and Practice ◽

10.24891/re.18.4.675 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 675-687

Author(s):

Yu.I. Brodovskaya ◽

T.A. Smirnova

Keyword(s):

Consumer Preferences ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Management Decision ◽

Public Authorities ◽

Education Services ◽

Supplementary Education ◽

Management Decision Making ◽

Additional Education ◽

Sociological Studies ◽

Municipal Level

Subject. This article considers the issues of provision of supplementary education services for children and methodological tools for the formation of educational environment. Objectives. The article aims to assess the level of development of the system of supplementary education of children in Krasnoyarsk and offer a methodological approach to improving the management decision-making procedure in the formation of a portfolio of supplementary education services at the municipal level. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of theoretical, empirical, and logistic analyses, and sociological studies. Results. The article offers concrete solutions to the lack of a methodological approach to providing supplementary education services, considering one of the micro-districts of Krasnoyarsk as a case in point. It also offers tools that can be used by public authorities to organize educational space at the municipal level. Conclusions. A unified methodological approach should be used to provide a system of supplementary education, taking into account financial means, as well as differentiation in the distribution of educational facilities throughout the area. The relevance of the set of supplementary education services and consumer preferences should be taken into account, as well.

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Research on the Economic Vitality of the Northeast China

Journal of Economic Science Research ◽

10.30564/jesr.v3i3.1829 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jiayue Jiao

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Economic Policies ◽

Regional Competitiveness ◽

Regional Economic ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Depth Study ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Economic Vitality

Economic vitality is an important indicator of regional competitiveness. The demand for talents and the vitality of enterprises in different regions are obvious to all and have practical significance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a survey data model and conduct in-depth study on improving regional economic vitality from the perspective of policy.Based on a variety of forecasting methods, this paper analyzes the short-term and long-term impact of economic policies in Northeast China, and finally puts forward the factors that affect the economic vitality of northeast policies. Finally, the paper puts forward the feasibility and targeted suggestions of strengthening regional economic vitality, obtaining long-term development and building a more competitive city in the new era.

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Solo self-employment, entrepreneurial subjectivity and the security–precarity continuum: Evidence from private tutors in the supplementary education industry

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1177/0308518x211009237 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0308518X2110092

Author(s):

Sarah L Holloway ◽

Helena Pimlott-Wilson

Keyword(s):

Occupational Choice ◽

Entrepreneurial Activity ◽

Development Economic ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Dominant Form ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Supplementary Education ◽

Self Employment ◽

Education Industry

Entrepreneurship is regarded by policy makers and politicians as an accelerant for economic development. Economic geography demonstrates that rather than stimulating entrepreneurship in general, policy makers should support specific forms of entrepreneurship that fuel wider growth. The paper's original contribution is to insist that entrepreneurship research must also explore less growth-oriented, but crucially very widespread, forms of entrepreneurial activity. The paper therefore places solo self-employment – the self-employed without employees – centre stage as an exemplar of this trend. Research is presented on private tutors who run businesses from home, offering children one-to-one tuition in the burgeoning supplementary education industry. The paper scrutinises the causes, configuration and consequences of such solo self-employment as an economically marginal, but numerically dominant, form of entrepreneurship. In so doing, it makes three conceptual advances in the exploration of heterogeneous entrepreneurship. First, in examining why individuals become self-employed, the paper moves beyond classic efforts to understand entrepreneurship through binary push/pull mechanisms in models of occupational choice. Instead, the analysis demonstrates the importance of risk in entrepreneurship and paid employment, highlighting the multiple pathways into solo self-employment as opportunities and constraints coalesce in individual's lives. Secondly, in considering how the solo self-employed think about business, the research breaks through conventional definitions of entrepreneurship to demonstrate that solo self-employment involves a distinctively entrepreneurial subjectivity and practices. Thirdly, by investigating the consequences of solo self-employment, the findings transcend dualist interpretations of self-employment as the realm of entrepreneurial wealth or economic precarity, highlighting instead a security–precarity continuum in immediate and long-term outcomes.

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Forecast Hesitancy: Why are People Reluctant to Believe, Accept, or Respond to Various Weather, Water, and Climate Hazard-Related Forecasts?

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science ◽

10.1007/s13753-021-00353-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michael H. Glantz ◽

Gregory E. Pierce

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Social Phenomenon ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Personal Risk ◽

Societal Value ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

Near Term ◽

Risk Reducing ◽

Delayed Responses

AbstractCurrent discussions of the social phenomenon of “vaccine hesitancy” with regard to Covid-19 provide an opportunity to use hesitancy as a means to shift thinking about untimely and delayed responses to forecasts of hydrometeorological hazards. Hesitancy, that is, provides a paradigm through which such regrettably delayed responses to hydromet hazards might be better understood and effectively addressed. Without exaggeration, just about every hydromet event provides an example of how hesitancy hinders individual, community, and national government risk-reducing preventive and mitigative responses to forecasts of foreseeable, relatively near-term climate, water, or weather hazards. Reasons for such hesitancy (for vaccine and forecast use alike) include—among others—lack of trust in the science, lack of confidence in government, and persistent concern about the uncertainties that surround forecasting—both meteorological and public health. As such, a better understanding of the causes that lead to individual and group hesitancy can better inform hydromet forecasters and affected communities about ways in which beneficial actions in response to timely forecasts are often delayed. This better understanding will facilitate, where necessary, targeted interventions to enhance the societal value of forecasting by reducing this long-observed challenge of “forecast hesitancy.” First, this article focuses on incidents of “vaccine hesitancy” that, for various reasons, people around the world are even now experiencing with regard to several now-available, and confirmed efficacious, Covid-19 vaccines. Reports of such incidents of indecisiveness first increased dramatically over the first few months of 2021, despite the strong scientific confidence that vaccination would significantly lower personal risk of contracting as well as spreading the virus. After, the notion of forecast hesitancy with regard to hydrometeorological hazards is discussed.It’s not what you say, it’s what people hear.-Frank Luntz (2007)

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Preparing for an Imperial Inheritance: Children, Play, and Empire in Eighteenth-Century Britain

Journal of British Studies ◽

10.1017/jbr.2021.56 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

Troy Bickham

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

British Empire ◽

Formal Education ◽

Significant Part ◽

Juvenile Literature ◽

Supplementary Education ◽

Board Games ◽

Conscious Effort ◽

Eighteenth Century Britain ◽

Long Eighteenth Century

Abstract In examining how children engaged with the British Empire, broadly defined, during the long eighteenth century, this article considers a range of materials, including museums, printed juvenile literature, and board games, that specifically attempted to attract children and their parents. Subjects that engaged with the wider world, and with it the British Empire, were typically not a significant part of formal education curricula, and so an informal marketplace of materials and experiences emerged both to satisfy and drive parental demand for supplementary education at home. Such engagements were no accident. Rather, they were a conscious effort to provide middling and elite children with what was considered useful information about the wider world and empire they would inherit, as well as opportunities to consider the moral implications and obligations of imperial rule, particularly with regard to African slavery.

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