scholarly journals The second green revolution: Innovative urban agriculture's contribution to food security and sustainability – A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian T. Armanda ◽  
Jeroen B. Guinée ◽  
Arnold Tukker
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Green Revolution

Assessing the implication of green revolution for food security in Pakistan: A multivariate cointegration decomposition analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nouman ◽  
Dilawar Khan ◽  
Ihtisham Ul Haq ◽  
Nabeela Naz ◽  
Bibi Taharat E. Zahra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Cointegration

scholarly journals Zero Budget Natural Farming in India: Aiming Back to the Basics

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Saikat Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Natural Farming

Crisis of Indian agriculture is very pertinent at this moment as green revolution is gradually losing its hope. Excessive, pointless exploitation of broods of green revolution has left bad footprints on country’s food security and environmental safety. With the motto to ensure food security by reviving Indian agriculture in environmentally safe way as well as to release farmers from debt cycle and suicides, zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) has come in the picture, which discards uses of all the chemical farming inputs and relies on natural way of farming i.e. rejuvenating soil and crop health through its own practices (Jivamrita, Bijamrita, mulching, soil aeration, intercropping, crop diversification, bunds, bio-pesticides etc.). ZBNF movement right now is the most popular agrarian movement which begun in 2002 in Karnataka and later successfully spread in many states (specially, of South India) of the nation through numbers of trainings, demonstrations and various promotional activities. Successful outcomes from farmers’ fields of south Indian states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka etc. are encouraging and grabbing attention of farmers, public and private organisations towards ZBNF in recent times. Yet, various controversies regarding its transparency,      inadequate information, efficacy, practices, idealisms, even the term ‘zero budget’ etc. have agglutinated around ZBNF over the years since it debuted. Critics in fact have cited several references of drastic yield reductions with ZBNF practices in many places. Adequate scientific evaluation or monitoring of ZBNF’s successes or failures through multi-locational trials is now therefore the needful before allowing or restraining its run in Indian agriculture.

scholarly journals Climate Smart Crops for Food Security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Rashid ◽  
Muhammad Bin Mushtaq ◽  
Iqra Farooq ◽  
Zulqurnain Khan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Past

After ensuring the food security for over 50 years, the green revolution is eventually reaching its biological limits which are very much reflected by the ongoing stagnancy in yield increased over the past few decades. Meeting the increasing food demands due to increasing population is the greatest challenge for today’s plant scientists. Changing climatic conditions are posing additional threats to crop growth, productivity and yield. After successfully deploying gene editing to modify simple traits, scientists are now embarked on more ambitious adventures in genomics to combat challenges of food security in the wake of increasing population and climate change adversaries. The chapter outlines use of new technologies in tailoring crops beyond simple traits aiming to harvest the desired diversity lost during domestication and manipulating complex traits, which evolved over evolutionary timescale with special emphasis on the development of climate smart crops.

Persistent Food Insecurity from Policy Failures in Pakistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4II) ◽  
pp. 817-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakir Hussain ◽  
Waqar Akram
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
The People ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Policy Failures

Food security means, “All the people, all the time, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preference for an active and healthy life” [FAO (1996)]. Three types of food insecurity generally exist in any country, which are: transitory food insecurity that is short time food insecurity occurs due to sporadic crises; chronic food insecurity that arises as a result of long term but not easily changed conditions; cyclic food insecurity that arises due to seasonal fluctuations. If cyclic food insecurity existed in any country for at least six months than it was called as chronic cyclic food insecurity and if it persisted less than six months than called as transitory cyclic food insecurity. Pakistan has made a lot of progress since independence in the field of agriculture in terms of production, yields, and growth in area under cultivation. Indus agriculture has experienced a Green Revolution and is striving for yellow and blue revolutions. However, it could have done far better. Though the overall growth of the Pakistan’s economy has largely been dependent upon the performance of agriculture, over the years, not much investment has been made for the development of this sector. Agriculture performance still depends upon, quite a lot, upon the weather conditions every year. The yields of most of crops are far below the levels achieved at the progressive farms (extension gap). From the Figure 1 it is evident that in the last decade (90s) food availability was increasing and then went down and formed the inverted u-shape. After that again fluctuating means there is no surety about food security. It is also comparable with agriculture growth rate. According to latest statistics in Pakistan as many as 50 million people are engaged in agriculture operations and produce only 25 million tons of food grains. As against this in India, 546 million people are engaged in agricultural operations and produce 176 million tons of food grains, in USA only 6 million people engaged in agriculture, produce 347 million of food grains.

Appropriate and Sustainable Plant Biotechnology Applications for Food Security in Developing Economies

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1380-1398
Author(s):  
Vidya de Gannes ◽  
Carlos G. Borroto
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Planting Materials

Appropriate plant biotechnology applications could be a major tool in the fight against hunger and poverty, especially in developing economies. Some promising results have already been reported through a range of biotechnology applications, for example the mass propagation of plants through in vitro clonal propagation, use of molecular markers and marker assisted breeding to improve plant breeding, use of bio-products and the application of molecular techniques for quick and accurate diagnosis of plant diseases. Thus, biotechnology may have the potential to deliver solutions to some of the shortcomings of the green revolution such as the limitations of conventional breeding, poor quality and insufficient quantity of planting materials available to farmers and the negative environmental consequences of high usage of inorganic pesticides and fertilizers. This chapter will elaborate the successful application of these technologies for sustainable agriculture and food security in developing economies. It is envisaged that through partnership between developing and developed economies, and assistance from international organizations and governments, capacity can be developed for developing economies to achieve the full potential of biotechnology and sustainability.

Applying innovations and new technologies for international collaborative wheat improvement

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. REYNOLDS ◽  
N. E. BORLAUG
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
International Collaborative

Despite the successes of the Green Revolution, about a billion people are still undernourished and food security in the developing world faces new challenges in terms of population growth, reduced water resources, climate change and decreased public sector investment. It is also becoming widely recognized that poverty is a cause of environmental degradation, conflict and civil unrest. Internationally coordinated agricultural research can play a significant role in improving food security by deploying promising new technologies as well as adapting those with well-established impact.In addition to the genetic challenges of crop improvement, agriculturalists must also embrace the problems associated with a highly heterogeneous and unpredictable environment. Not only are new genetic tools becoming more accessible, but a new generation of quantitative tools are available to enable better definition of agro-ecosystems, of cultivar by environment interactions, and of socio-economic issues, while satellite imagery can help predict crop yields on large scales. Identifying areas of low genetic diversity – for example as found in large tracts of South Asia – is an important aspect of reducing vulnerability to disease epidemics. Global strategies for incorporating durable disease resistance genes into a wider genetic background, as well as participatory approaches that deliver a fuller range of options to farmers, are being implemented to increase cultivar diversity.The unpredictable effects of environment on productivity can be buffered somewhat by crop management practices that maintain healthy soils, while reversing the consequences of rapid agricultural intensification on soil degradation. Conservation agriculture is an alternative strategy that is especially pertinent for resource-poor farmers.The potential synergy between genetic improvement and innovative crop management practices has been referred to as the Doubly Green Revolution. The unique benefits and efficiency of the international collaborative platform are indisputable when considering the duplications that otherwise would have been required to achieve the same impacts through unilateral or even bilateral programmes. Furthermore, while the West takes for granted public support for crucial economic and social issues, this is not the case in a number of less-developed countries where the activities of International Agricultural Research Centres (IARCs) and other development assistance organizations can provide continuity in agricultural research and infrastructure.

scholarly journals Aquaponics for the Anthropocene: Towards a ‘Sustainability First’ Agenda

2019 ◽  
pp. 393-432
Author(s):  
James Gott ◽  
Rolf Morgenstern ◽  
Maja Turnšek
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Planetary Processes ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract‘The Anthropocene’ has emerged as a unique moment in earth history where humanity recognises its devastating capacity to destabilise the planetary processes upon which it depends. Modern agriculture plays a central role in this problematic. Food production innovations are needed that exceed traditional paradigms of the Green Revolution whilst at the same time are able to acknowledge the complexity arising from the sustainability and food security issues that mark our times. Aquaponics is one technological innovation that promises to contribute much towards these imperatives. But this emergent field is in an early stage that is characterised by limited resources, market uncertainty, institutional resistance and high risks of failure—a developmental environment where hype prevails over demonstrated outcomes. Given this situation, the aquaponics research community potentially holds an important place in the development path of this technology. But the field needs to craft a coherent and viable vision for this technology that can move beyond misplaced techno-optimist accounts. Turning to sustainability science and STS research, we discuss the urgent need to develop what we call a ‘critical sustainability knowledge’ for aquaponics, giving pointers for possible ways forward, which include (1) expanding aquaponic research into an interdisciplinary research domain, (2) opening research up to participatory approaches in real-world contexts and (3) pursuing a solution-oriented approach for sustainability and food security outcomes.

scholarly journals Advancing Food Security through Agroecological Technologies: The Implementation of the Biointensive Method in the Dry Corridor of Nicaragua

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Simon ◽  
Maria Montero ◽  
Óscar Bermudez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Central America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Food Assistance ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Food Assistance Programs ◽  
Assistance Programs

In contrast with international food assistance programs, or with the new green revolution based on the sustainable intensification of agriculture, this work proposes an agroecological technology to overcome food insecurity problems in countries like Nicaragua, most especially in rural areas. In particular, it analyzes the effects of implementing the biointensive method—an agroecological food production initiative that is highly labor-intensive, but requires little land—in various communities of the Dry Corridor in Nicaragua. This project is the result of establishing an international consortium for development cooperation where grassroots communities played a prominent role. The main results are an improvement in local food security and a strengthening of the communities’ capacity to face major challenges arising from poverty and climate change, the effects of which are increasingly noticeable in Central America. The main weakness identified is that the necessary tropicalization of the method has not been sufficiently tested, for a two-year period is too short a time to transform the prevailing rural development dynamics significantly.

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