An FT-IR study of the changes in chemical composition of bamboo degraded by brown-rot fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eylem D. Tomak ◽  
Elif Topaloglu ◽  
Esat Gumuskaya ◽  
Umit C. Yildiz ◽  
Nurgul Ay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Study

Changes in chemical composition of decayed Scots pine and beech wood

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eylem Dizman Tomak
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Decay Test ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractIn this study, changes in chemical composition of aged and unaged Scots pine and beech wood decayed by brown-rot fungi Coniophora puteana and Poria placenta were presented by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. Samples were exposed to six complete cycles of accelerated aging for 12 days and then subjected to brown-rot fungi attack for 8 weeks. Weight loss of samples was found to be 25–46% depending on wood and fungi species and being aged ones. Accelerated aging treatments seemed to have a slight role on chemical composition of Scots pine and beech samples while they increased biodegradation of samples. FT-IR spectra showed degradation of wood carbohydrates revealed by reduction of the peaks responsible for hemicellulose and cellulose at 1730, 1370, 1150, and 897 cm-1 in pine and 1730, 1370, 1027, and 897 cm-1 in beech. Stronger lignin peaks at 1650, 1593, 1506, 1455, 1422, 1261, and 1230 cm-1 in pine and 1650, 1506, 1455, and 1422 cm-1 in beech were obtained after decay test. FT-IR spectra of samples were consistent with the degradation mechanism of brown-rot fungi. In general, changes in the carbohydrate and lignin peaks were greater in samples exposed to accelerated aging treatments for both wood species.

Examination of the chemical changes in spruce wood degraded by brown-rot fungi using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefa Durmaz ◽  
Özlem Özgenç ◽  
İsmail H. Boyacı ◽  
Ümit C. Yıldız ◽  
Emir Erişir
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Raman

scholarly journals Lignocellulosic Waste Pretreatment Solely via Biocatalysis as a Partial Simultaneous Lignino-Holocellulolysis Process

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Justine Oma Angadam ◽  
Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe ◽  
Boredi Silas Chidi ◽  
Jun Wei Lim ◽  
Vincent Ifeanyi Okudoh
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Plant Exudates ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach

Human endeavors generate a significant quantity of bio-waste, even lignocellulosic waste, due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, and can cause pollution to aquatic ecosystems, and contribute to detrimental animal and human health because of the toxicity of consequent hydrolysis products. This paper contributes to a new understanding of the lignocellulosic waste bio-pretreatment process from a literature review, which can provide better biorefinery operational outcomes. The simultaneous partial biological lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose lysis, i.e., simultaneous semi-lignino-holocellulolysis, is aimed at suggesting that when ligninolysis ensues, holocellulolysis is simultaneously performed for milled lignocellulosic waste instead of having a sequential process of initial ligninolysis and subsequent holocellulolysis as is currently the norm. It is presumed that such a process can be solely performed by digestive enzyme cocktails from the monkey cups of species such as Nepenthes, white and brown rot fungi, and some plant exudates. From the literature review, it was evident that the pretreatment of milled lignocellulosic waste is largely incomplete, and ligninolysis including holocellulolysis ensues simultaneously when the waste is milled. It is further proposed that lignocellulosic waste pretreatment can be facilitated using an environmentally friendly approach solely using biological means. For such a process to be understood and applied on an industrial scale, an interdisciplinary approach using process engineering and microbiology techniques is required.

Unraveling the natural durability of wood: revealing the impact of decay-influencing characteristics other than fungicidal components

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte De Ligne ◽  
Jan Van den Bulcke ◽  
Jan M. Baetens ◽  
Bernard De Baets ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Material Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
Block Test ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effect of fungicidal components in wood has been known for ages, yet there is no method to assess the impact of such components on the durability of a wood species, as compared to other material characteristics that influence decay. In this paper, the importance of fungicidal effects on the natural durability of 10 wood species is assessed in relation to other decay-influencing factors with a new test, the so-called ‘paste test’. By comparing results from this test with the ‘mini-block test’, on both heartwood and leached sapwood, insight is gained into the significance of fungicidal components on the one hand and other material characteristics on the other hand. The durability of species such as Prunus avium was attributed mainly to fungicidal components. For species such as Pterocarpus soyauxii, durability seemed to be an effect of both fungicidal components and moisture-regulating components, while the latter seemed to be of main importance in regulating the decay of Aucoumea klaineana and Entandrophragma cylindricum. Wood-anatomical features, such as the parenchyma content (in case of brown rot fungi) and the vessel-fiber ratio, possibly affect degradation as well. This work shows that fungicidal components are not always of major importance for the durability of a wood species. The authors hereby emphasize the importance of moisture-regulating components and wood anatomy on the durability of wood.

scholarly journals Biofoam of Spittlebug, Poophilus costalis (Walker): Preferential Sites, Temperature Regulation, Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Kitherian Sahayaraj ◽  
Balakrishnan Saranya ◽  
Samy Sayed ◽  
Loko Yêyinou Laura Estelle ◽  
Koilraj Madasamy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
College Campus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

The foam produced by nymphs of Poophilus costalis on eleven different host plants belonging to eight families on St. Xavier’s College campus in India was studied over five months. The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of these biofoams were investigated. The results revealed that P. costalis preferred Theporsia purpurea and Mimosa pudica for laying their eggs and producing foam, over the other tested plants. P. costalis produce their foam on either nodes or internodes on monocotyledons (30%) (p < 0.05), whereas on dicotyledons, they produce more foam on the stems (63.8%) than on the leaves (6.2%) (p < 0.01). The number of nymphs in each piece of foam from P. costalis varied from 1 to 3 (mean = 1.8 per plant). They produced their foam (5.7 to 45.2 cm) from the ground level on a plant. The length and breadth of a piece of foam ranged from 1.0 to 3.9 cm and 0.6 to 4.7 cm, respectively. The foam tended to be cooler than the environment. Qualitative profiling showed that the foam consists of carbohydrates, including maltose; trypsin; amino acids; protease. The foam was also analyzed using a spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antimicrobial activity of the biofoam was the greatest against Staphylococcus aureus, the growth of which was reduced by 55.9 ± 3.9%, suggesting that the foam could be used as an antimicrobial product. However, no activities were observed against Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans.

An FT-IR Study on Packing Defects in Mixed β-Aggregates of Poly(l-glutamic acid) and Poly(d-glutamic acid): A High-Pressure Rescue from a Kinetic Trap

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (17) ◽  
pp. 5172-5178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudai Yamaoki ◽  
Hiroshi Imamura ◽  
Aleksandra Fulara ◽  
Sławomir Wójcik ◽  
Łukasz Bożycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Trap ◽  
Packing Defects ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Study

scholarly journals Linking Genes to Traits in Fungi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Romero-Olivares ◽  
E. W. Morrison ◽  
A. Pringle ◽  
S. D. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Organic Matter Decomposition ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi

AbstractFungi are mediators of the nitrogen and carbon cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Examining how nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition potential differs in fungi can provide insight into the underlying mechanisms driving fungal ecological processes and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we assessed the frequency of genes encoding for specific enzymes that facilitate nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition in 879 fungal genomes with fungal taxa grouped into trait-based categories. Our linked gene-trait data approach revealed that gene frequencies vary across and within trait-based groups and that trait-based categories differ in trait space. We present two examples of how this linked gene-trait approach can be used to address ecological questions. First, we show that this type of approach can help us better understand, and potentially predict, how fungi will respond to environmental stress. Specifically, we found that trait-based categories with high nitrogen uptake gene frequency increased in relative abundance when exposed to high soil nitrogen enrichment. Second, by comparing frequencies of nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition genes, we found that most ectomycorrhizal fungi in our dataset have similar gene frequencies to brown rot fungi. This demonstrates that gene-trait data approaches can shed light on potential evolutionary trajectories of life history traits in fungi. We present a framework for exploring nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition gene frequencies in fungal trait-based groups and provide two concise examples on how to use our framework to address ecological questions from a mechanistic perspective.

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