Doppler-based discrimination of radar sounder target scattering properties: A case study of subsurface water geometry in Europa's ice shell

Icarus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Michaelides ◽  
Dustin Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Ice Shell ◽  
Radar Sounder

scholarly journals Pasts and Presents of Urban Socio-Hydrogeology: Groundwater Levels in Berlin, 1870–2020

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2261
Author(s):  
Theresa Frommen ◽  
Timothy Moss
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Management ◽  
Urban Groundwater ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Water History ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Methods

Although it is self-evident that today’s groundwater issues have a history that frames both problems and responses, these histories have received scant attention in the socio-hydrogeological literature to date. This paper aims to enrich the field of socio-hydrogeology with a novel, historical perspective on groundwater management whilst simultaneously demonstrating the value to water history of engaging with groundwater. This is achieved by applying hydrogeological, socio-hydrogeological, and historical methods in an interdisciplinary and collaborative research process while analysing a case study of urban groundwater management over a 150-year period. In the German capital Berlin, local aquifers have always been central to its water supply and, being close to the surface, have made for intricate interactions between urban development and groundwater levels. The paper describes oscillations in groundwater levels across Berlin’s turbulent history and the meanings attached to them. It demonstrates the value to socio-hydrogeology of viewing the history of groundwater through a socio-material lens and to urban history of paying greater attention to subsurface water resources. The invisibility and inscrutability associated with groundwater should not discourage attention, but rather incite curiosity into this underexplored realm of the subterranean city, inspiring scholars and practitioners well beyond the confines of hydrogeology.

scholarly journals Geoelectric evaluation of groundwater potential: a case study at Omuma local government area, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3255-3261
Author(s):  
M. E. Abbey ◽  
D. E. Onyebueke
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Rivers State

Abstract Rivers State as the nomenclature depicts is a state richly blessed with both surface and subsurface water. As a result of this, there is less problem of water scarcity, especially in the elite cities of the state, but so many other communities due to one reason or the other still wallow in abject water scarcity. In this survey, a total of seven (7) vertical electric soundings were carried out using Schlumberger configuration at Obibi community in Omuma local government area, Rivers State, to ascertain the location and depths to aquifer. ABEM terrameter SAS 300 was used in the survey with electrode spacing AB/2 of 150 m, thus probing to a depth of about 200 m. Geoelectric software (IPI2WIN) was utilized in the plotting, iteration and interpretation of the resistivity data obtained. From the quantitative interpretation and the lithology of the areas, five different subsurface layers were delineated with their geoelectric curve given as AK, AKQ and AKH. Aquifer in these areas is highly prolific and mostly located at an average depth of 52 m.

scholarly journals Comprehensive study on the amount of CO2 absorbed by vegetation: A case study in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Truong Nguyen X ◽  
Phan Cao H H ◽  
Hao Nguyen N ◽  
Huyen Duong T T ◽  
Nhat Tran T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
The City

The city Ho Chi Minh (HCMC) is one of the largest cities in Vietnam with the most dramatically economic development rate. Along with the economic development, the urbanization process in this city is also taking place very fastly. Due to the rapid urbanization and development, the emission rate from the industry and transportation leads to the increase in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) which has been worsening the climate change. Protecting forests and conducting afforestation so that CO2 is transformed to nutrition through photosynthetic conversion is one of the most effective ways to mitigate the effects of climate change. As a result, the accumulation of CO2 emissions has become a global concern. Vegetation absorbs carbon dioxide, helps to conserve the environment, produces oxygen, reduces noise, and helps to stabilize subsurface water. This paper highlights the results of ENVI software which was used to interpret remote sensing images and Arcgis to evaluate the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by vegetation in each administrative unit: district in HCMC and ward. According to the obtained results, the amount of CO2 absorbed in urban districts “District 1”, “District 3”, “District 4”, “District 5”, “Phu Nhuan District” is immensely low due to the high population density in the center of city. The population is mainly concentrated in the center districts but land area for vegetation is low. Regarding the suburban area, with mangrove forests, Can Gio District has the highest amount of CO2 absorbed of 35,894.075 tons/day and followed by Cu Chi District with 21,548.48 tons/day. It can be indicated that Can Gio and Cu Chi districts improtantly function like the greenhouse gas sinks for the whole HCMC. The success of this study could contribute to climate change mitigation and support in urban and land planning, as well as resettlement policies. Aside from that, CO2 emission and absorption assessment and evaluation in large–scale cities like HCMC has become a crucial, urgent, and practical issue nowadays.

Environmental tritium measurements and lumped parameter modelling in the Tafilalet aquifer, south-east Morocco

2007 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bouhlassa ◽  
B. Ammary ◽  
A. Elyahyaoui
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Residence Times ◽  
Environmental Tritium ◽  
Future Work

The paper presents a case study for the application of environmental tritium to assess the mean residence time of water in the Tafilalet aquifer. This aquifer corresponds geologically to a tectonic depression with Quaternary fill. The Tafilalet area depends mainly on agriculture and herding. Groundwater is the main source of water supply for domestic, agriculture, and herding purposes.The data on the distribution of tritium in subsurface water indicate the modern water of the Tafilalet aquifer. The tritium transport modelling indicates that Quaternary alluvial waters are likely to have short mean residence times of a few years (14 to 32 years). The study addresses several difficulties concerning the detailed quantitative interpretations of the results, which must be the focus of future work.

scholarly journals Geophysical and Sedimentological Investigations of Peatlands for the Assessment of Lithology and Subsurface Water Pathways

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Trappe ◽  
Christof Kneisel
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Study Sites

Peatlands located on slopes (herein called slope bogs) are typical landscape units in the Hunsrueck, a low mountain range in Southwestern Germany. The pathways of the water feeding the slope bogs have not yet been documented and analyzed. The identification of the different mechanisms allowing these peatlands to originate and survive requires a better understanding of the subsurface lithology and hydrogeology. Hence, we applied a multi-method approach to two case study sites in order to characterize the subsurface lithology and to image the variable spatio-temporal hydrological conditions. The combination of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and an ERT-Monitoring and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), in conjunction with direct methods and data (borehole drilling and meteorological data), allowed us to gain deeper insights into the subsurface characteristics and dynamics of the peatlands and their catchment area. The precipitation influences the hydrology of the peatlands as well as the interflow in the subsurface. Especially, the geoelectrical monitoring data, in combination with the precipitation and temperature data, indicate that there are several forces driving the hydrology and hydrogeology of the peatlands. While the water content of the uppermost layers changes with the weather conditions, the bottom layer seems to be more stable and changes to a lesser extent. At the selected case study sites, small differences in subsurface properties can have a huge impact on the subsurface hydrogeology and the water paths. Based on the collected data, conceptual models have been deduced for the two case study sites.

scholarly journals Vertical Electrical Sounding Analysis for Local Subsurface Water Bearing Identification Due to Isolated Hill. Case-study: Madurejo Village, Prambanan District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Eddy Hartantyo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Water Well ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Bearing Structure ◽  
Groundwater Body

<p class="AbstractText"><span lang="EN-AU">In a subsurface aquifer, there is a ‘barrier like’ phenomenon that blocks the flow of water. It will create a subsurface water bearing/dam and potential source for water well drilling. The existence of clay-limestone in the isolated hill in Madurejo village, Prambanan district, Yogyakarta seems to act like a natural groundwater body which is interesting to be analyzed by means of vertical electrical sounding (VES). For this purpose, three VES points measured with 150 meters apart, creating a line from south to north. Maximum distance for AB is 200 meters. We found the shallow unconfined from surface to 4 m depth and confined aquifers from 6 m to 29 m. The geometry of the second aquifer in combination with the existence of isolated hill seems to have a water-bearing structure which is very potential for water resources.</span></p>

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

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