Class 1 integrons and SXT elements conferring multidrug resistance in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains associated with a recent large cholera outbreak in Orissa, Eastern India

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenu Jain ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Ajay K. Goel ◽  
Dev V. Kamboj ◽  
Lokendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

scholarly journals New Cluster of Plasmid-Located Class 1 Integrons in Vibrio cholerae O1 and a dfrA15 Cassette-Containing Integron in Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated in Angola

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2493-2499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ceccarelli ◽  
Anna Maria Salvia ◽  
Joana Sami ◽  
Piero Cappuccinelli ◽  
Mauro Maria Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

ABSTRACT The resistance profile and its correlation with mobile genetic elements were investigated in 11 Vibrio cholerae O1 and 2 Vibrio parahaemolyticus clinical isolates, as well as in 1 V. cholerae O1 and 1 V. cholerae non-O1 environmental isolate, isolated between 1991 and 1996 in different provinces of Angola. All clinical isolates of V. cholerae O1 were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. They also contained a large conjugative plasmid (p3iANG) with a set of three class 1 integrons harboring dfrA15, blaP1, and qacH-aadA8 cassettes, which code for resistance to trimethoprim, beta-lactams, quaternary ammonium compounds, and aminoglycosides, clustered in a 19-kb region. Chloramphenicol (cat1), kanamycin (aph), sulfonamide (sul2), and tetracycline (tetG) resistance genes were also carried on the plasmid within the same 19-kb region. A chromosomal integron containing the dfrA15 cassette was also revealed in V. parahaemolyticus strains. SXT integrase genes were present in six V. cholerae isolates but apparently were not associated with known SXT-associated resistance genes. This study indicates that plasmids and integrons contributed mainly to the circulation of multiple-drug resistance determinants in Vibrio strains from Angola.

scholarly journals Integron Expression in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from House Flies within the Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Atchariya YOSBOONRUANG ◽  
Anong KIDDEE ◽  
Chatsuda BOONDUANG ◽  
Phannarai PIBALPAKDEE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
House Flies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1

Escherichia coli is a serious cause of a variety of hospital-acquired infections and commonly contributes to the environment by house flies. Integrons, particularly class 1 integrons, are the genetic elements that play an important role in the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance mechanism. This mechanism is commonly found in Enterobacteriaceae, especially E. coli. In this study, we aim to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli isolated from the house flies in Phayao hospital and to determine the gene expression of class 1 integrons in those isolates of E. coli. Totally, 70 isolates of E. coli were isolated from 60 house flies collected from the hospital. Fifty-seven of the isolates (81.43 %) were multidrug resistance (MDR) and highly resistant to b-lactams, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. Of 57 isolates of MDR-E. coli, 20 isolates (35 %) were found to carry class 1 integron genes. Fifteen patterns of antimicrobial resistance occurred in the isolates of integron-positive E. coli. Most integron-positive E. coli isolates were resistant to 7 antimicrobials. Two isolates of these bacteria (10 %) were able to resist 13 out of 14 tested antimicrobials. Using PCR and sequencing analysis, an investigation showed that dfrA17-aadA5, dfrA12-aadA2 gene cassette was the most prevalent cassette (n = 10; 50 %) among the integron-positive E. coli isolates. Our results indicated that the presences of multidrug resistance and class 1 integrons were common in E. coli isolated from the houseflies in hospital. Therefore, screening for integron-positive E. coli from the hospital environment might be necessary for prevention of nosocomial infections.

PREVALENCE OF CLASS 1 INTEGRONS IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF NON-TYPHOIDAL $SALMONELLA~ENTERICA$ CIRCULATED IN ARMENIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1 (254)) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Magdalina K. Zakharyan
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Class 1

A total of 182 non-typhoid Salmonella enterica (NTS) isolates recovered from patients between 1996 and 2014 were included in the current study focused on class 1 integron detection and its association with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. A high prevalence of isolates displaying MDR and penta-resistance (resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamide, tetracycline) phenotypes of clinical significance was revealed. Serotype-specific prevalence of antimicrobial resistance as well as class 1 integrons and inserted variable segments was detected in isolates. The results indicated the limitations of current antimicrobial therapy to control infections caused by MDR isolates of NTS, especially belonging to serotype Typhimurium.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Cholkit Rapid Diagnostic Test for Vibrio Cholerae O1 During a Cholera Outbreak in Malawi, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Chibwe ◽  
Watipaso Kasambara ◽  
Mathews Kagoli ◽  
Harry Milala ◽  
Charity Gondwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

Abstract Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for cholera are an important emerging tool for surveillance, yet the currently available tests have several limitations. We assess the performance of a new RDT, Cholkit, during a cholera outbreak in Malawi compared with culture and find a sensitivity of 93.0% (95% CI, 83.0%–98.1%) and a specificity of 95.7% (95% CI, 78.1%–100.0%).

scholarly journals Worldwide Occurrence of Integrative Conjugative Element Encoding Multidrug Resistance Determinants in Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e108728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel A. Marin ◽  
Erica L. Fonseca ◽  
Bruno N. Andrade ◽  
Adriana C. Cabral ◽  
Ana Carolina P. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Integrative Conjugative Element ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

scholarly journals Multidrug resistance and high prevalence of class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from waters and vegetables in Nsukka and Enugu, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere B. Chigor ◽  
Ini-Abasi I. Ibangha ◽  
Nkechinyere O. Nweze ◽  
Chizoba A. Ozochi ◽  
Valentino C. Onuora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Class 1

AbstractIn spite of treated wastewater presenting itself as an attractive alternative to scarce quality water in the developing countries, the associated contamination of fresh produce by irrigation waters leading to outbreak of foodborne illnesses is on the rise. Horizontal transfer of integrons play important role in the spread and maintenance of antimicrobial resistance among strains of Escherichia coli. This study assessed the effluents from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Wastewater Treatment Plant (UNN-WWTP) as well as vegetables irrigated with the effluent, and vegetables sold in selected markets from Nsukka and Enugu cities for the presence of E. coli and determined the prevalence integrons in multidrug-resistant isolates. Isolation of E. coli was done using eosin methylene blue agar and isolates subjected to Gram staining for identification of presumptive colonies. Confirmation of E. coli was achieved by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, targeting beta-glucuronidase (uidA). Resistance to antibiotics was determined using the Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion assay and the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute criteria. Integrons were detected by multiplex PCR using primers specific for class 1 and 2 integrons. A total of 178 E. coli isolates were obtained from WWTP effluent (41), and vegetables from greenhouse (46), farms (55) and market (36). Multi-drug resistance was detected in all the isolates, ranging from five-drug resistance in a single isolate to 16-drug resistance patterns in two different isolates. Of the total isolates, class 1 integrons were abundantly detected in 175 (98.3%) and class 2 in 5 (2.8%). All the class 2 integrons were found in isolates that were positive for class 1. The high detection of E. coli in the studied effluent and vegetables pose potential public health hazards heightened by observed multidrug resistance in all the isolates and the high prevalence of class 1 integron. It is concluded that the vegetable samples are significant reservoirs for potentially pathogenic E. coli. Therefore, vegetable irrigation farming with unsafe water should be discontinued, while appropriate improvement strategies to ensure compliance should be facilitated without further delay.

Cholera outbreak investigation, Bhadola, Delhi, India, April–May 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 762-769
Author(s):  
Akhileshwar Singh ◽  
Rakesh Gupta ◽  
Tanzin Dikid ◽  
Ekta Saroha ◽  
Naresh Chand Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
The North ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Stool Samples

Abstract Background In the Gangetic plains of India, including Delhi, cholera is endemic. On 10 May 2018, staff at the north Delhi district surveillance unit identified a laboratory-confirmed cholera outbreak when five people tested positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotype in Bhadola. We investigated to identify risk factors and recommend prevention measures. Methods We defined a case as ≥3 loose stools within 24 h in a Bhadola resident during 1 April–29 May 2018. We searched for cases house-to-house. In a 1 : 1 unmatched case control study, a control was defined as an absence of loose stools in a Bhadola resident during 1 April–29 May 2018. We selected cases and controls randomly. We tested stool samples for Vibrio cholerae by culture. We tested drinking water for fecal contamination. Using multivariable logistic regression we calculated adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% CIs. Results We identified 129 cases; the median age was 14.5 y, 52% were females, 27% were hospitalized and there were no deaths. Symptoms were abdominal pain (54%), vomiting (44%) and fever (29%). Among 90 cases and controls, the odds of illness were higher for drinking untreated municipal water (aOR=2.3; 95% CI 1.0 to 6.2) and not knowing about diarrhea transmission (aOR=4.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 21.1). Of 12 stool samples, 6 (50%) tested positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotype. Of 15 water samples, 8 (53%) showed growth of fecal coliforms. Conclusions This laboratory-confirmed cholera outbreak associated with drinking untreated municipal water and lack of knowledge of diarrhea transmission triggered public health action in Bhadola, Delhi.

Antibiotic Resistance Conferred by a Conjugative Plasmid and a Class I Integron in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Strains Isolated in Albania and Italy

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Falbo ◽  
Alessandra Carattoli ◽  
Fabio Tosini ◽  
Cristina Pezzella ◽  
Anna Maria Dionisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated during the 1994 outbreak of cholera in Albania and Italy were characterized for the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance. All strains were found to be resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, spectinomycin, trimethoprim, sulfathiazole, and the vibriostatic compound O/129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylteridine). Resistance genes were self-transferable by a conjugative plasmid of about 60 MDa, with the exception of spectinomycin resistance, which was conferred by theaadA1 gene cassette located in the bacterial chromosome within a class 1 integron. The resistance to trimethoprim and O/129 was conferred by the dfrA1 gene, which was present on the plasmid. Although the dfrA1 gene is known to be borne on an integron cassette, class 1, 2, or 3 intI genes were not detected as part of the plasmid DNA from the strains studied.

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