scholarly journals Treatment and prevention strategies for the COVID 19 pandemic: A review of immunotherapeutic approaches for neutralizing SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravas Kumar Baral ◽  
Jiang Yin ◽  
Michael N.G. James
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

scholarly journals Circulating HIV DNA Correlates With Neurocognitive Impairment in Older HIV-infected Adults on Suppressive ART

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelli Faria de Oliveira ◽  
Ben Murrell ◽  
Josué Pérez-Santiago ◽  
Milenka Vargas ◽  
Ronald J. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Hiv Dna ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Dna Reservoir

Abstract Older HIV-infected adults have a higher risk of neurocognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the associations between levels of HIV DNA in peripheral blood, soluble markers of inflammation and cellular trafficking in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neurocognitive functioning among 18 younger (22–40 years) and 26 older (50–71 years) HIV-infected subjects, who were administered a comprehensive neurocognitive battery. Older HIV-infected individuals presented higher levels of inflammation in CSF and blood compared to younger individuals, but no difference was observed in HIV DNA levels. Among older participants, higher HIV DNA levels were significantly associated with more severe neurocognitive impairment (p = 0.005), particularly in the Executive Functions domain (p = 0.004). No association was observed between HIV DNA and neurocognition among younger individuals. Despite significantly increased inflammation observed in the older group, none of the inflammatory markers were associated with neurocognitive impairment among older HIV+ individuals (p > 0.05). Our study supports the involvement of peripheral HIV DNA reservoir in the pathogenesis of neurocognitive disorder during suppressive ART. Correlates of neurocognitive impairment might differ between younger and older adults, suggesting that future treatment and prevention strategies for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders likely need to be tailored based on age.

Inhaled therapeutics against TB: The promise of pulmonary treatment and prevention strategies in the clinic

2019 ◽  
pp. 361-375
Author(s):  
Dominique N. Price ◽  
Nitesh K. Kunda ◽  
Elliott K. Miller ◽  
Pavan Muttil
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

scholarly journals Toward Effective Early Intervention and Prevention Strategies for Major Affective Disorders: A Review of Antecedents and Risk Factors

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Family History ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Objective: To review critically the literature pertaining to riskfactors and antecedent symptoms and syndromes in order to determine an empirically based strategy for early treatment and prevention of major mood episodes. Method: The relevant literature is summarized, with particular emphasis on early-onset (child and adolescent) mood disorders. Results: A complex interaction between biological, psychological, and sociological factors contributes to the development of a major mood disorder. Having a positive family history of mood disorder (bipolar and unipolar) and being female (unipolar) are the strongest, most reliable risk factors. There is continuity between adolescent and adult mood disorders, and subsyndromal mood disturbance in adolescents has clinical and public health significance. However, more longitudinal study is required to reliably map the course and predictive importance of mood disorders in very young children. Conclusions: Substantial evidence supports the effectiveness of early intervention and prevention efforts in children at risk for mood disorders (identified as having affected family members) and in adolescents manifesting significant mood symptoms and syndromes (especially if associated with a positive family history). However, the current level of understanding regarding the etiological significance and mechanism of risk factors associated with mood disorders does not support broad community-based primary prevention strategies in unselected populations.

scholarly journals Associations of Adenovirus Genotypes in Korean Acute Gastroenteritis Patients with Respiratory Symptoms and Intussusception

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Seok Kim ◽  
Su Kyung Lee ◽  
Dae-Hyun Ko ◽  
Jungwon Hyun ◽  
Han-Sung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Hexon Gene ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Results

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide range of diseases, including respiratory infections and gastroenteritis, and have more than 65 genotypes. To investigate the current genotypes of circulating HAdV strains, we performed molecular genotyping of HAdVs in the stool from patients with acute gastroenteritis and tried to determine their associations with clinical symptoms. From June 2014 to May 2016, 3,901 fecal samples were tested for an AdV antigen, and 254 samples (6.5%) yielded positive results. Genotyping using PCR and sequencing of the capsid hexon gene was performed for 236 AdV antigen-positive fecal specimens. HAdV-41, of species F, was the most prevalent genotype (60.6%), followed by HAdV-2 of species C (13.8%). Other genotypes, including HAdV-3, HAdV-1, HAdV-5, HAdV-6, HAdV-31, HAdV-40, HAdV-12, and HAdV-55, were also detected. Overall, 119 patients (50.4%) showed concomitant respiratory symptoms, and 32 patients (13.6%) were diagnosed with intussusception. HAdV-1 and HAdV-31 were significantly associated with intussusception (P<0.05). Our results demonstrate the recent changes in trends of circulating AdV genotypes associated with gastroenteritis in Korea, which should be of value for improving the diagnosis and developing new detection, treatment, and prevention strategies for broad application in clinical laboratories.

scholarly journals Pathological gambling in women: a review

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Saboia Martins ◽  
Daniela S. S. Lobo ◽  
Hermano Tavares ◽  
Valentim Gentil
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Male Subjects

Pathological gambling was only recently recognized as a psychiatric disorder (DSM-III, APA, 1980). Most studies of pathological gambling include only male subjects. Despite the paucity of information, it is likely that at least one-third of pathological gamblers are women. The objective of this article is to review clinical and epidemiological characteristics of female gamblers as compared to their male counterparts. MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for investigational studies and reviews of the past 10 years on clinical (sociodemographic, course and progression, psychiatric comorbidities, genetics, and personality) and epidemiological aspects of female gamblers. Other relevant articles were also selected from reference lists. It is concluded that the current literature indicates some common characteristics in female and male gamblers, but it also indicates the possibility that each gender may carry etiopathogenic differences that when better understood should lead to improved treatment and prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Allergy and obesity in children: is there any link?

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Natalia Begievna Migacheva ◽  
Dariia Alekseevna Rakcheeva ◽  
Olga Viktorovna Skvortsova ◽  
Evgeniia Gennadevna Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Obesity In Children

The steady increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in the population, including obesity and allergic diseases, dictates the need to study both common causal factors and mechanisms of their development, and to search for new effective treatment and prevention strategies. However the resultsof epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory studies are still inconclusive, especially in pediatric population. In this review we present and discuss current data that may help to understand the possible relationship and mechanisms of mutual influence of allergy and obesity in children.

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