scholarly journals Allergy and obesity in children: is there any link?

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Natalia Begievna Migacheva ◽  
Dariia Alekseevna Rakcheeva ◽  
Olga Viktorovna Skvortsova ◽  
Evgeniia Gennadevna Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Obesity In Children

The steady increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in the population, including obesity and allergic diseases, dictates the need to study both common causal factors and mechanisms of their development, and to search for new effective treatment and prevention strategies. However the resultsof epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory studies are still inconclusive, especially in pediatric population. In this review we present and discuss current data that may help to understand the possible relationship and mechanisms of mutual influence of allergy and obesity in children.

scholarly journals The art of shampoos in canine and feline dermatology: Treatment and prevention strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
D. N. CARLOTTI ◽  
H. GATTO
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Allergic Skin ◽  
Microbiological Agents

This paper reviews the current technology pertaining to veterinary shampoos used for dogs and cats. The criteria used to evaluate their efficacy are presented. The indications for the use of shampoos in keratoseborrhoeic disorders, parasitic diseases, bacterial diseases, fungal diseases and allergic diseases are reviewed. In keratoseborrhoeic disorders both keratomodulating and antiseborrhoeic agents are used. Antiparasitic shampoos are not frequendy used in veterinary dermatology and their indications and limitations are discussed. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiseptic agents are included in shampoos designed to treat dermatoses resulting from microbiological agents. Their indications and efficacy are presented. Shampoos are used nowadays in conjunction with other forms of therapy to treat allergic skin diseases. The benefits of such adjunctive topical therapy are discussed. Lastly, the properties of moisturizers are presented and the value of their use in combination with therapeutic shampoos is emphasized.

scholarly journals Approaches to prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Pakhomovskaia ◽  
O. F. Tatyanina ◽  
Т. Yu. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

The incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, according to various authors, ranges from 5 to 39% and depends on the patient’s age and other contributing factors. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea can be caused by any antibiotic, regardless of dosage form or route of administration. In the pediatric population, the prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea ranges from 6 to 70%. An urgent problem is the development of this disease against the background of a course of H. pylori eradication therapy, which significantly complicates tolerance and adherence to therapy.This article presents current data on the pathogenesis and risk factors of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. The clinical picture ranges from idiopathic enteritis to antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Cl. difficile - pseudomembranous colitis.The main principle of antibiotic-associated diarrhea treatment is cancellation of the antibacterial medicine that caused the diarrhea, or reducing its dose (if the course of the disease allows it). In complex treatment sorbents are used, correction of water-electrolyte balance is carried out. The use of probiotics seems quite logical for the treatment and prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in terms of the pathogenesis of this condition. To correct dysbiosis, drugs are used to maintain and restore the quantitative and qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota.Taking into account modern recommendations the main groups of drugs (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics) used for correction of intestinal microbiocenosis are presented. The mechanism of action of probiotics and mechanisms of their effect on intestinal microflora are considered. The basic requirements for bacterial strains that are part of the probiotic drugs are presented.The results of various randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses confirming the necessity of including probiotic complexes in antibiotic-associated diarrhea treatment regimens are presented from an evidence-based medicine perspective. The clinical effects of strains of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Streptococcus spp. and Lactococcus spp. on the digestive tract microbiota are considered.The role of a synbiotic containing 9 probiotic strains of 4.5 × 109 CFU in one capsule and the prebiotic component fructooligosaccharides in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children is discussed separately. The results of microbiological studies confirmed the presence of microorganisms of genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus in the product, and the content of bacteria in one dose of the product was not less than 2 x 1010 CFU.

THE ROLE OF PHAGE THERAPY IN THE FORMATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROECOSYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Gladkov S.F. ◽  
Perevoshchikova N.K. ◽  
Chernykh N.S. ◽  
Pichugina Yu.S. ◽  
Surkova M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Selective Decontamination ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The Individual

The current adverse situation associated with the presence of a pandemic of allergic diseases is due to the lack of a scientifically based concept of treatment and prevention. The increased interest of researchers from different countries in the formation of immunological tolerance by modeling the intestinal microbiota is of high importance. Methods of influence on the microbial communities of the child's intestine should be as delicate as possible, taking into account the individual genetic characteristics of the microecosystem and the possibility of anaphylaxis. Until now, probiotic drugs have been widely used to correct dysbiosis, but data is gradually accumulating that there is no convincing evidence base for their use for the treatment and prevention of atopy. The use of bacteriophages is very relevant and one of the promising, actively studied areas of correction of intestinal biocenosis today, which are an alternative to antibiotic and probiotic medications. Selective decontamination of representatives of opportunistic flora, as the main factor in the implementation of the atopic phenotype, makes it possible to preserve and accelerate the formation of a unique and individual composition of the intestinal microbiota of the child, which can form an immunoregulatory balance. More than a century of experience in the use of bacteriophages indicates the safety of their use. Today, bacteriophages are actively used in various fields of practical medicine − obstetrics-gynecology, perinatology, urology, pediatric otorhinolaryngology, in the treatment of purulent-septic and intestinal infections. In some cases, bacteriophages are very effective against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The active personalized use of bacteriophages in real clinical practice will make it possible to solve a number of serious, long-standing health problems in the Russian Federation and to win a world priority in this direction.

scholarly journals Circulating HIV DNA Correlates With Neurocognitive Impairment in Older HIV-infected Adults on Suppressive ART

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelli Faria de Oliveira ◽  
Ben Murrell ◽  
Josué Pérez-Santiago ◽  
Milenka Vargas ◽  
Ronald J. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Hiv Dna ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Dna Reservoir

Abstract Older HIV-infected adults have a higher risk of neurocognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the associations between levels of HIV DNA in peripheral blood, soluble markers of inflammation and cellular trafficking in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neurocognitive functioning among 18 younger (22–40 years) and 26 older (50–71 years) HIV-infected subjects, who were administered a comprehensive neurocognitive battery. Older HIV-infected individuals presented higher levels of inflammation in CSF and blood compared to younger individuals, but no difference was observed in HIV DNA levels. Among older participants, higher HIV DNA levels were significantly associated with more severe neurocognitive impairment (p = 0.005), particularly in the Executive Functions domain (p = 0.004). No association was observed between HIV DNA and neurocognition among younger individuals. Despite significantly increased inflammation observed in the older group, none of the inflammatory markers were associated with neurocognitive impairment among older HIV+ individuals (p > 0.05). Our study supports the involvement of peripheral HIV DNA reservoir in the pathogenesis of neurocognitive disorder during suppressive ART. Correlates of neurocognitive impairment might differ between younger and older adults, suggesting that future treatment and prevention strategies for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders likely need to be tailored based on age.

Pierwotna małopłytkowość immunologiczna u dzieci

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dusza ◽  
Michał Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia

In this article we present current investigation on primary immune thrombocytopenia in children. There are described pathomorphology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. We also present current data from literature about genetic tests and latest data on treating options in children. Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is one of the most frequent hematological disorders in pediatric population. Although the majority of children have a self-limited and short duration of the disease. However, approximately 20-30% of those patients can develop chronic ITP, which can cause significant complications and higher mortality and reduced quality of life. Especially regarding to long-term immunosupression or surgical interventions, such like splenectomy and restrictions on daily activities to avoid trauma. Over the past decades a lot of informations has been reported about pathogenic features of ITP. Nowdays, we know that it is not only caused by increased platet destruction and decreased platet production, but also complex, multifactorial immune dysregulation, like loss of immune tolerance and generation of platelet autoantibodies. In this article we present current investigation on ITP including clinical symptoms, diagnosis, pathomorphology and latests options on treatment in children. We also present current data about genetic biomarker, such as Vanin-1 (VNN-1) which has been suggested as one of predictors of chronic disease and potentially can offer early prognosis estimation.

Climate change and its impact on the development of allergic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Earth Temperature

Since the middle of the twentieth century, there has been a widespread increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases, especially in developed countries. Much attention is paid to the changing climate and its influence on the development of allergies, mainly of the respiratory system. In many countries, studies are intensifying to study the relationship of various weather phenomena, air pollution, Earth temperature with the course of certain allergic diseases of the respiratory tract. Global strategies for the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases are being developed. This review provides data from international studies demonstrating the negative impact on human health and the development of allergic diseases of the respiratory system, in particular asthma: a global rise in Earth temperature, air pollution, dust storms, forest fires, dampness in rooms and atmospheric mold, thunderstorms and floods.

Inhaled therapeutics against TB: The promise of pulmonary treatment and prevention strategies in the clinic

2019 ◽  
pp. 361-375
Author(s):  
Dominique N. Price ◽  
Nitesh K. Kunda ◽  
Elliott K. Miller ◽  
Pavan Muttil
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

scholarly journals Development of a medical methodology for telemedicine screening of adult health in outpatient settings for population monitoring of chronic noncommunicable diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
P. V. Seliverstov ◽  
S. R. Bakaeva ◽  
V. V. Shapovalov
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Outpatient Settings

Today, in many countries of the world, there is a steady increase in public spending related to health. One of the promising options for optimizing these costs is the widespread use of telemedicine as a method of remote medical care. It is known that the main contribution to the health of an individual and the population as a whole is made by lifestyle. Effective screening, timely detection of risk factors and diseases at the early stages of their development, medical examinations, universal opening of health centers, prevention offices, health schools – all these measures are aimed at increasing the duration and quality of life of the nation. Despite the availability and relatively low cost of well-known programs for remote screening, it is impossible not to mention their significant disadvantages: the lack of final analytical documents, the coverage of one or more systems, the need for a face-to-face visit to the doctor to calculate risks and determine further patient management tactics. The article proposes a methodology for telemedicine screening of adult health in outpatient settings using a system for analyzing unstructured data for population monitoring of chronic non-communicable diseases. The development is based on risk calculation using the method of “decision rules” as a means of description used in the theory of fuzzy sets. The result of the method developed by the authors is a variant of telemedicine questionnaire screening, which allows determining health risks by specific profiles, forming a final conclusion with recommendations for a healthy lifestyle, further examination, treatment and prevention of chronic diseases. The development can be used in public and private medical institutions. Of particular interest is the possibility of integrating software into medical practice in the current conditions of the pandemic, as well as in the state projects “Lean polyclinic”, “Arctic doctor” and “Zemsky doctor”.

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