A study on the relationship between air pollution and pulmonary tuberculosis based on the general additive model in Wulumuqi, China

Abstract Background: The worldwide prevalence of eczema has continued to rise over the past decades.This has led to emphasis on the association between air pollution and eczema. This study investigated the relationship between daily exposure to air pollution and the number of eczema outpatient visits in Guangzhou with the overarching goal of providing novel insights on the interventions for eczema aggravation and prevention.Methods: Daily air pollution data, meteorological data, and number of eczema outpatients were obtained from 18th January 2013 to 31st December 2018 in Guangzhou. A generalized additive model with Poisson distribution was used to assess the association between the number of eczema outpatient visits and short-term exposure of PM2.5 and PM10. In addition, the effect of PM2.5 and PM10 by age (<65 years, ≥65 years) and gender was evaluated. Results: A total of 293,343 eczema outpatient visits were recorded. The obtained results indicated that a 10μg/m3 increase of the same day/ lag 1 day/ lag 2 days PM2.5 was associated with increments of 2.33%(RR=1.0233, 95%CI: 1.0206-1.0260, P<0.001), 1.81% (RR=1.0181, 95%CI: 1.0153-1.0209, P<0.001), and 0.95%(RR=1.0095, 95%CI: 1.0068-1.0123, P<0.001) in eczema outpatients risk, respectively. On the other hand, a 10μg/m3 increase of PM10 was associated with eczema outpatients risk increments of 1.97%(RR=1.0197, 95%CI: 1.0177-1.0217, P<0.001), 1.65%(RR=1.0165, 95%CI: 1.0145-1.0186, P<0.001), and 0.98%(RR=1.0098, 95%CI: 1.0078-1.0118, P<0.001), respectively. Furthermore, the effects of PM on the increment of eczema were similar in the male and female groups. Results obtained after age stratification analyses indicated that the strongest positive association between PM2.5 exposure and eczema were observed at lag 0 day with the percent changes being 4.72% (95%CI, 4.18-5.28%, P<0.001), 1.92%(95%CI: 1.65-2.19%, P<0.001) and 3.34% (95%CI, 2.9- 3.78%, P<0.001) in <12 years old, ≥12 and <65years old, and ≥65 years old groups, respectively. Conclusion: Short-term exposure of PM2.5 and PM10 increases the number of eczema outpatients especially among children and the elderly. This study has provided a further understanding of the relationship between air pollutants and eczema, which will benefit disease prevention and lower the health burden.

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Assessment of Meteorological Variables and Air Pollution Affecting COVID-19 Cases in Urban Agglomerations: Evidence from China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010531 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 531

Author(s):

Mingyue Zhao ◽

Yuanxin Liu ◽

Amatus Gyilbag

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Yangtze River ◽

Sunshine Duration ◽

Additive Model ◽

River Delta ◽

Meteorological Variables ◽

Urban Agglomerations ◽

The Government ◽

The Yrd ◽

The Relationship

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a severe public health and social problem worldwide. A limitation of the existing literature is that multiple environmental variables have not been frequently elaborated, which is why the overall effect of the environment on COVID-19 has not been conclusive. In this study, we used generalized additive model (GAM) to detect the relationship between meteorological and air pollution variables and COVID-19 in four urban agglomerations in China and made comparisons among the urban agglomerations. The four urban agglomerations are Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), middle reaches of the Yangtze River (MYR), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The daily rates of average precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, and atmospheric pressure were selected as meteorological variables. The PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) contents were selected as air pollution variables. The results indicated that meteorological and air pollution variables tended to be significantly correlated. Moreover, the nature of the relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and meteorological and air pollution variables (i.e., linear or nonlinear) varied with urban agglomerations. Among the variance explained by GAMs, BTH had the highest value (75.4%), while MYR had the lowest value (35.2%). The values of the YRD and PRD were between the above two, namely 45.6% and 62.2%, respectively. The findings showed that the association between SARS-CoV-2 and meteorological and air pollution variables varied in regions, making it difficult to obtain a relationship that is applicable to every region. Moreover, this study enriches our understanding of SARS-CoV-2. It is required to create awareness within the government that anti-COVID-19 measures should be adapted to the local meteorological and air pollution conditions.

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The relationship between air-pollution by gas flaring and lung function in Niger-Delta

Pneumologie ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1619339 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (S 01) ◽

pp. S82-S83

Author(s):

A Worlu ◽

K Frank

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Lung Function ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Gas Flaring ◽

The Relationship

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Relationship Of Patient's Motivation Concerning Prevention Of Transmission With Compliance With The Use Of Mask On Lung Tuberculosis Patients

Jurnal Kesehatan dr. Soebandi ◽

10.36858/jkds.v6i2.123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Ade Ella Nur Rizky Oktaviyanti

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Health Center ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Positive Direction ◽

Individual Motivation ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Correlation Test ◽

Patient Motivation ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

One of the factors that influence compliance is individual motivation. There are still many pulmonary tuberculosis patients who do not wear masks, this can have an impact on disease transmission. Poor individual motivation can affect someone's compliance. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship of patient motivation regarding prevention of transmission with adherence to the use of masks in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Rambipuji Health Center, Jember Regency. This research uses descriptive correlative type of research. In this study using a cross-sectional approach. The sample of this study was taken using simple random sampling, namely pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Rambipuji Health Center in Jember Regency, totaling 105 patients but only 50 patients were used as samples. This research was conducted by giving a questionnaire to pulmonary tuberculosis patients to find out the patient's motivation about preventing transmission by adhering to the use of masks. The results of the study were analyzed using the Lambda Correlation Test, the results of the analysis found that the motivation of patients was good motivation (22%), patient motivation was sufficient (56%), and patient motivation was less motivation (22%). Whereas adherence to the use of masks in pulmonary tuberculosis patients is compliant (36%), and non-compliant (64%). The Lambda Correlation Test results obtained from the variable compliance with ρ = 0.389 positive direction with a value of ρ count of 0.027 <0.05 which means there is a relationship between patient motivation about prevention of transmission with compliance with the use of masks in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Rambipuji Health Center, Jember District. It is recommended that further studies be able to conduct more in-depth research related to the relationship of patient motivation regarding the prevention of transmission with adherence to the use of masks in pulmonary tuberculosis patients

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Maternal immune response and air pollution exposure during pregnancy: insights from the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽

10.1186/s11689-020-09343-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heather E. Volk ◽

Bo Park ◽

Calliope Hollingue ◽

Karen L. Jones ◽

Paul Ashwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Prenatal Screening ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Maternal Immune Activation ◽

Early Markers ◽

Air Pollution Exposure ◽

Pollution Exposure ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Perinatal exposure to air pollution and immune system dysregulation are two factors consistently associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, little is known about how air pollution may influence maternal immune function during pregnancy. Objectives To assess the relationship between mid-gestational circulating levels of maternal cytokines/chemokines and previous month air pollution exposure across neurodevelopmental groups, and to assess whether cytokines/chemokines mediate the relationship between air pollution exposures and risk of ASD and/or intellectual disability (ID) in the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study. Methods EMA is a population-based, nested case–control study which linked archived maternal serum samples collected during weeks 15–19 of gestation for routine prenatal screening, birth records, and Department of Developmental Services (DDS) records. Children receiving DDS services for ASD without intellectual disability (ASD without ID; n = 199), ASD with ID (ASD with ID; n = 180), ID without ASD (ID; n = 164), and children from the general population (GP; n = 414) with no DDS services were included in this analysis. Serum samples were quantified for 22 cytokines/chemokines using Luminex multiplex analysis technology. Air pollution exposure for the month prior to maternal serum collection was assigned based on the Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Quality System data using the maternal residential address reported during the prenatal screening visit. Results Previous month air pollution exposure and mid-gestational maternal cytokine and chemokine levels were significantly correlated, though weak in magnitude (ranging from − 0.16 to 0.13). Ten pairs of mid-pregnancy immune markers and previous month air pollutants were significantly associated within one of the child neurodevelopmental groups, adjusted for covariates (p < 0.001). Mid-pregnancy air pollution was not associated with any neurodevelopmental outcome. IL-6 remained associated with ASD with ID even after adjusting for air pollution exposure. Conclusion This study suggests that maternal immune activation is associated with risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, that prenatal air pollution exposure is associated with small, but perhaps biologically relevant, effects on maternal immune system function during pregnancy. Additional studies are needed to better evaluate how prenatal exposure to air pollution affects the trajectory of maternal immune activation during pregnancy, if windows of heightened susceptibility can be identified, and how these factors influence neurodevelopment of the offspring.

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The modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo, China

Respiratory Research ◽

10.1186/s12931-021-01744-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rui Zhang ◽

Yujie Meng ◽

Hejia Song ◽

Ran Niu ◽

Yu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

High Temperature ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Modification Effect ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Although exposure to air pollution has been linked to many health issues, few studies have quantified the modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo, China. Methods The data of daily incidence of influenza and the relevant meteorological data and air pollution data in Ningbo from 2014 to 2017 were retrieved. Low, medium and high temperature layers were stratified by the daily mean temperature with 25th and 75th percentiles. The potential modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo was investigated through analyzing the effects of air pollutants stratified by temperature stratum using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). Stratified analysis by sex and age were also conducted. Results Overall, a 10 μg/m3 increment of O3, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 could increase the incidence risk of influenza with the cumulative relative risk of 1.028 (95% CI 1.007, 1.050), 1.061 (95% CI 1.004, 1.122), 1.043 (95% CI 1.003, 1.085), and 1.118 (95% CI 1.028, 1.216), respectively. Male and aged 7–17 years were more sensitive to air pollutants. Through the temperature stratification analysis, we found that temperature could modify the impacts of air pollution on daily incidence of influenza with high temperature exacerbating the impact of air pollutants. At high temperature layer, male and the groups aged 0–6 years and 18–64 years were more sensitive to air pollution. Conclusion Temperature modified the relationship between air pollution and daily incidence of influenza and high temperature would exacerbate the effects of air pollutants in Ningbo.

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Linearity extensions of the market model: a case of the top 10 cryptocurrency prices during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods

Financial Innovation ◽

10.1186/s40854-021-00247-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Serdar Neslihanoglu

Keyword(s):

State Space Model ◽

Additive Model ◽

Market Model ◽

Time Varying ◽

Daily Data ◽

Forecasting Performance ◽

Modeling And Forecasting ◽

Crypto Currency ◽

Beta Risk ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThis research investigates the appropriateness of the linear specification of the market model for modeling and forecasting the cryptocurrency prices during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. Two extensions are offered to compare the performance of the linear specification of the market model (LMM), which allows for the measurement of the cryptocurrency price beta risk. The first is the generalized additive model, which permits flexibility in the rigid shape of the linearity of the LMM. The second is the time-varying linearity specification of the LMM (Tv-LMM), which is based on the state space model form via the Kalman filter, allowing for the measurement of the time-varying beta risk of the cryptocurrency price. The analysis is performed using daily data from both time periods on the top 10 cryptocurrencies by adjusted market capitalization, using the Crypto Currency Index 30 (CCI30) as a market proxy and 1-day and 7-day forward predictions. Such a comparison of cryptocurrency prices has yet to be undertaken in the literature. The empirical findings favor the Tv-LMM, which outperforms the others in terms of modeling and forecasting performance. This result suggests that the relationship between each cryptocurrency price and the CCI30 index should be locally instead of globally linear, especially during the COVID-19 period.

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Decoupling Analysis between Economic Growth and Air Pollution in Key Regions of Air Pollution Control in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6600

Author(s):

Jing Li ◽

Lipeng Hou ◽

Lin Wang ◽

Lina Tang

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Economic Development ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Environmental Policies ◽

River Delta ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

The Relationship ◽

No2 Pollution

The Chinese government has implemented a number of environmental policies to promote the continuous improvement of air quality while considering economic development. Scientific assessment of the impact of environmental policies on the relationship between air pollution and economic growth can provide a scientific basis for promoting the coordinated development of these two factors. This paper uses the Tapio decoupling theory to analyze the relationship between regional economic growth and air pollution in key regions of air pollution control in China—namely, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and surrounding areas (BTHS), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD)—based on data of GDP and the concentrations of SO2, PM10, and NO2 for 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2019. The results show that the SO2, PM10, and NO2 pollution in the key regions show strong and weak decoupling. The findings additionally indicate that government policies have played a significant role in improving the decoupling between air pollution and economic development. The decoupling between economic growth and SO2 and PM10 pollution in the BTHS, YRD, and PRD is better than that in other regions, while the decoupling between economic growth and NO2 pollution has not improved significantly in these regions. To improve the relationship between economic growth and air pollution, we suggest that the governments of China and other developing countries should further optimize and adjust the structure of industry, energy, and transportation; apply more stringent targets and measures in areas of serious air pollution; and strengthen mobile vehicle pollution control.

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Comprehensive Pricing Model of Urban Traffic Air Pollution Based on Bi-Level Programming

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1913 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 253-255 ◽

pp. 1913-1917

Author(s):

Ze Bin Zhao

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Urban Traffic ◽

Vehicle Speed ◽

Pricing Model ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Transport Services ◽

Relationship Model ◽

The Relationship

In order to reduce the negative impact of urban traffic air pollution, this paper firstly analyzes the relationship between urban traffic air pollution and vehicle speed, after providing the relationship model, the paper establishes a comprehensive pricing model of urban traffic air pollution based on bi-level programming, the model considers the traffic air pollution pricing, and includes the factors of congestion pricing, bus fee, pricing revenue redistribution on improvement of public transport services and the expansion of road capacity. The case study shows that the implementation of comprehensive pricing of urban traffic air pollution can reduce traffic pollution and unreasonable traffic flow, which is conducive to the sustainable development of the city.

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