scholarly journals Clinical management and mortality among COVID-19 cases in sub-Saharan Africa: A retrospective study from Burkina Faso and simulated case analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Laura Skrip ◽  
Karim Derra ◽  
Mikaila Kaboré ◽  
Navideh Noori ◽  
Adama Gansané ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Simulated Case ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Contraceptive dynamics during COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: longitudinal evidence from Burkina Faso and Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2020-200944
Author(s):  
Celia Karp ◽  
Shannon N Wood ◽  
Georges Guiella ◽  
Peter Gichangi ◽  
Suzanne O Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Contraceptive Services ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Sub Saharan

IntroductionEvidence from health emergencies suggests COVID-19 will disrupt women’s sexual and reproductive health (SRH). In sub-Saharan Africa, which experiences the highest rates of unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion globally, COVID-19 is projected to slow recent progress toward universal access to contraceptive services.MethodsWe used longitudinal data collected from women at risk of unintended pregnancy in Burkina Faso (n=1186) and Kenya (n=2784) before (November 2019–February 2020) and during (May–July 2020) COVID-19 to quantify contraceptive dynamics during COVID-19; examine sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 experiences related to contraceptive dynamics; and assess COVID-19-related reasons for contraceptive non-use. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine correlates of contraceptive dynamics amid COVID-19.ResultsMost women did not change their contraceptive status during COVID-19 (68.6% in Burkina Faso and 81.6% in Kenya) and those who did were more likely to adopt a method (25.4% and 13.1%, respectively) than to discontinue (6.0% and 5.3%, respectively). Most women who switched contraceptives were using methods as or more effective than their pre-pandemic contraception. Economic instability related to COVID-19 was associated with increased contraceptive protection in Burkina Faso but not in Kenya. Altogether, 14.4% of non-contraceptive users in Kenya and 3.8% in Burkina Faso identified COVID-19-related reasons for non-use.ConclusionsThe vast majority of women at risk of unintended pregnancy did not change their contraceptive status during COVID-19, and more women adopted than discontinued methods. A minority of women reported COVID-19-related reasons for non-use, underscoring the importance of expanding safe modes of service delivery during health crises.

scholarly journals ‘Grandmother, aren’t you going to sing for us?’ Current childcare practices and caregivers’ perceptions of and receptivity to early childhood development activities in rural Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e001233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hollowell ◽  
Mari Dumbaugh ◽  
Mireille Belem ◽  
Sylvain Kousse ◽  
Tessa Swigart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Media Intervention ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Children's Development ◽  
Children’S Development

IntroductionEffective stimulation and responsive caregiving during the first 2 years is crucial for children’s development. By age 3–4 years, over 40% of children in sub-Saharan Africa fail to meet basic cognitive or socioemotional milestones, but there are limited data on parenting and childcare practices. This study, conducted to inform the design of a mass media intervention, explored practices, perceptions, motivators and obstacles to childhood development-related practices among parents and caregivers of children aged 0–2 years in rural Burkina Faso.MethodsWe performed two rounds of six focus groups with 41 informants in two villages, using an adapted version of the Trials of Improved Practices methodology. These first explored beliefs and practices, then introduced participants to the principles and benefits of early childhood development (ECD) and provided illustrative examples of three practices (interactive ways of talking, playing and praising) to try with their children. One week later, further discussions explored participants’ experiences and reactions. Data were analysed inductively using thematic content analysis.ResultsExisting activities with young children were predominantly instructive with limited responsive interaction and stimulation. Participants were receptive to the practices introduced, noted positive changes in their children when they adopted these practices and found engagement with children personally rewarding.ConclusionInteractive, stimulating activities with young children did not appear to be widespread in the study area, but caregivers were receptive to information about the importance of early stimulation for children’s development. ECD messages should be tailored to the local sociocultural context and consider time limitations.

scholarly journals Bacterial Meningitis Epidemiology in Five Countries in the Meningitis Belt of Sub-Saharan Africa, 2015–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S165-S174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi M Soeters ◽  
Alpha Oumar Diallo ◽  
Brice W Bicaba ◽  
Goumbi Kadadé ◽  
Assétou Y Dembélé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Meningitis Belt ◽  
Strategic Implementation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Case Based

Abstract Background The MenAfriNet Consortium supports strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance in key high-risk countries of the African meningitis belt: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Togo. We describe bacterial meningitis epidemiology in these 5 countries in 2015–2017. Methods Case-based meningitis surveillance collects case-level demographic and clinical information and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) laboratory results. Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae cases were confirmed and N. meningitidis/H. influenzae were serogrouped/serotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction, culture, or latex agglutination. We calculated annual incidence in participating districts in each country in cases/100 000 population. Results From 2015–2017, 18 262 suspected meningitis cases were reported; 92% had a CSF specimen available, of which 26% were confirmed as N. meningitidis (n = 2433; 56%), S. pneumoniae (n = 1758; 40%), or H. influenzae (n = 180; 4%). Average annual incidences for N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae, respectively, were 7.5, 2.5, and 0.3. N. meningitidis incidence was 1.5 in Burkina Faso, 2.7 in Chad, 0.4 in Mali, 14.7 in Niger, and 12.5 in Togo. Several outbreaks occurred: NmC in Niger in 2015–2017, NmC in Mali in 2016, and NmW in Togo in 2016–2017. Of N. meningitidis cases, 53% were NmC, 30% NmW, and 13% NmX. Five NmA cases were reported (Burkina Faso, 2015). NmX increased from 0.6% of N. meningitidis cases in 2015 to 27% in 2017. Conclusions Although bacterial meningitis epidemiology varied widely by country, NmC and NmW caused several outbreaks, NmX increased although was not associated with outbreaks, and overall NmA incidence remained low. An effective low-cost multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine could help further control meningococcal meningitis in the region.

scholarly journals Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with cardiometabolic risk factors and micronutrient deficiencies in adults of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1266-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin N. Zeba ◽  
Hélène F. Delisle ◽  
Clémentine Rossier ◽  
Genevieve Renier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hs Crp

Increasing evidence suggests that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) while being also related to micronutrient deficiencies. As part of a project on the double burden of under- and overnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, we assessed the relationship between hs-CRP and both CMRF and micronutrient deficiencies in a population-based cross-sectional study carried out in the Northern district of Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso. We randomly selected 330 households stratified by income tertile. In each income stratum, 110 individuals aged 25–60 years and having lived in Ouagadougou for at least 6 months were randomly selected, and underwent anthropometric measurements and blood sample collection. The prevalence of high hs-CRP was 39·4 %, with no sex difference. Vitamin A-deficient subjects (12·7 %) exhibited significant risk of elevated hs-CRP (OR 2·5;P= 0·015). Serum ferritin was positively correlated with log hs-CRP (r0·194;P= 0·002). The risk of elevated hs-CRP was significant in subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2(OR 6·9; 95 % CI 3·6, 13·3), abdominal obesity (OR 4·6; 95 % CI 2·2, 7·3) and high body fat (OR 10·2; 95 % CI 5·1, 20·3) (P< 0·001, respectively). Independent predictors of hs-CRP in linear regression models were waist circumference (β = 0·306;P= 0·018) and serum TAG (β = 0·158;P= 0·027). In this sub-Saharan population, hs-CRP was consistently associated with adiposity. Assuming that plasma hs-CRP reflects future risk of cardiovascular events, intervention which reduces CRP, or chronic and acute nutrition conditions associated with it, could be effective in preventing their occurrence particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals The Establishment and Diversification of Epidemic-Associated Serogroup W Meningococcus in the African Meningitis Belt, 1994 to 2012

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Retchless ◽  
Fang Hu ◽  
Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo ◽  
Seydou Diarra ◽  
Kristen Knipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Meningitis Belt ◽  
Sub Saharan

ABSTRACT Meningococcal disease (meningitis and bloodstream infections) threatens millions of people across the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa. A vaccine introduced in 2010 protects against Africa’s then-most common cause of meningococcal disease, N. meningitidis serogroup A. However, other serogroups continue to cause epidemics in the region—including serogroup W. The rapid identification of strains that have been associated with prior outbreaks can improve the assessment of outbreak risk and enable timely preparation of public health responses, including vaccination. Phylogenetic analysis of newly sequenced serogroup W strains isolated from 1994 to 2012 identified two groups of strains linked to large epidemics in Burkina Faso, one being descended from a strain that caused an outbreak during the Hajj pilgrimage in 2000. We find that applying whole-genome sequencing to meningococcal disease surveillance collections improves the discrimination among strains, even within a single nation-wide epidemic, which can be used to better understand pathogen spread. Epidemics of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by meningococcal serogroup A have been eliminated from the sub-Saharan African so-called “meningitis belt” by the meningococcal A conjugate vaccine (MACV), and yet, other serogroups continue to cause epidemics. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W remains a major cause of disease in the region, with most isolates belonging to clonal complex 11 (CC11). Here, the genetic variation within and between epidemic-associated strains was assessed by sequencing the genomes of 92 N. meningitidis serogroup W isolates collected between 1994 and 2012 from both sporadic and epidemic IMD cases, 85 being from selected meningitis belt countries. The sequenced isolates belonged to either CC175 (n = 9) or CC11 (n = 83). The CC11 N. meningitidis serogroup W isolates belonged to a single lineage comprising four major phylogenetic subclades. Separate CC11 N. meningitidis serogroup W subclades were associated with the 2002 and 2012 Burkina Faso epidemics. The subclade associated with the 2012 epidemic included isolates found in Burkina Faso and Mali during 2011 and 2012, which descended from a strain very similar to the Hajj (Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca)-related Saudi Arabian outbreak strain from 2000. The phylogeny of isolates from 2012 reflected their geographic origin within Burkina Faso, with isolates from the Malian border region being closely related to the isolates from Mali. Evidence of ongoing evolution, international transmission, and strain replacement stresses the importance of maintaining N. meningitidis surveillance in Africa following the MACV implementation. IMPORTANCE Meningococcal disease (meningitis and bloodstream infections) threatens millions of people across the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa. A vaccine introduced in 2010 protects against Africa’s then-most common cause of meningococcal disease, N. meningitidis serogroup A. However, other serogroups continue to cause epidemics in the region—including serogroup W. The rapid identification of strains that have been associated with prior outbreaks can improve the assessment of outbreak risk and enable timely preparation of public health responses, including vaccination. Phylogenetic analysis of newly sequenced serogroup W strains isolated from 1994 to 2012 identified two groups of strains linked to large epidemics in Burkina Faso, one being descended from a strain that caused an outbreak during the Hajj pilgrimage in 2000. We find that applying whole-genome sequencing to meningococcal disease surveillance collections improves the discrimination among strains, even within a single nation-wide epidemic, which can be used to better understand pathogen spread.

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