Estimating the impact of Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) on buffalo population dynamics in southern Philippines using data from cross-sectional surveys

IntroductionLittle is known on whether cigarette filter-related knowledge or beliefs are associated with support for policies to reduce their environmental impact.MethodsA cross-sectional, population-based sample of US adults aged 18–64 years (n=2979) was used to evaluate filter-related knowledge and beliefs by smoking status using data collected between 24 October 2018 and 17 December 2018. Multivariate logistic regression models explored whether these knowledge and belief items were associated with support for two policies, a US$0.75 litter fee and a ban on sales of filtered cigarettes, controlling for demographic characteristics and smoking status.ResultsRegardless of smoking status, 71% did not know plastic was a cigarette filter component and 20% believed filters were biodegradable. Overall, 23% believed filters reduce health harms and 60% believed filters make it easier to smoke; 90% believed cigarette butts are harmful to the environment. Individuals believing cigarette butts harmed the environment were more likely to support a litter fee (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.33, 95% CI: 1.71 to 3.17). Individuals believing that filters are not biodegradable had higher odds of supporting a litter fee (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.88). Respondents believing that filters do not make cigarettes less harmful were more likely to support a litter fee (aOR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.88) and filter ban (aOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.50). Belief that filters make it easier to smoke was associated with decreased support for a filter ban (aOR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.83).ConclusionsComprehensive efforts are needed to educate the public about the impact of cigarette filters in order to build support for effective tobacco product waste policy.

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Alcohol-related harm to others in England: a cross-sectional analysis of national survey data

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021046 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e021046 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Caryl Beynon ◽

David Bayliss ◽

Jenny Mason ◽

Kate Sweeney ◽

Clare Perkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Harm To Others ◽

Using Data ◽

Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors ◽

The Impact ◽

Alcohol Related Harm ◽

Related Harm

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence, the frequency and the perpetrators of alcohol-related harm to others (AHTO) and identify factors associated with experiencing harm and aggressive harm.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingEngland.ParticipantsAdults (general population) aged 16 and over.Outcome measuresPercentage of respondents who experienced harm. Socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with the outcomes. Outcomes were (1) experienced harm/did not experience harm and (2) experienced aggressive harm (physically threatened, physically hurt and forced/pressured into something sexual)/did not experience an aggressive harm (no aggressive harm plus no harm at all).ResultsData to support a response rate calculation were not collected; 96.3% of people surveyed completed the AHTO questions. The weighted sample was 4874; 20.1% (95% CI 18.9 to 21.4, N=980) reported experiencing harm in the previous 12 months and 4.6% (95% CI 4.0 to 5.4, N=225) reported experiencing an aggressive harm. Friends and strangers were the dominant perpetrators. Most harms (74.8%) occurred less than monthly. Factors associated with experiencing harm were: younger age (p<0.001), drinking harmfully/hazardously (p<0.001), white British (p<0.001 compared to other white groups and Asian groups and p=0.017 compared to black groups), having a disability (p<0.001), being educated (p<0.001 compared to no education) and living in private rented accommodation (p=0.004 compared with owned outright). Being in the family stage of life (defined as having children in the household) had significantly lower odds of harm (p=0.006 compared to being single), as did being retired (p<0.001 compared to being employed). Factors associated with experiencing an aggressive harm were similar.ConclusionsThis exploratory study, using data collected through the Alcohol Toolkit Survey, shows that AHTO affects 20.1% of the population of England. Even apparently minor harms, like being kept awake, can have a negative impact on health, while aggressive harms are clearly of concern. Using a standard methodology to measure harm across studies would be advantageous. Policies that focus on alcohol must take into consideration the impact of drinking on those other than the drinker.

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Differential Effect of Recurrent Concussions on Symptom Clusters in Sport Concussion Assessment Tool

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2018-0166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (7) ◽

pp. 735-739

Author(s):

Jian Chen ◽

Bruce Oddson ◽

Heather C. Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Assessment Tool ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Symptom Clusters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sport Concussion ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Using Data ◽

Composite Scores ◽

The Impact

Context: Symptom checklist in Sport Concussion Assessment Tool has been widely used in preseason assessment and in concussion diagnosis, but the impact of prior concussions on the graded symptoms after a new concussion has not been evaluated. Objective: This study was undertaken to examine reported symptoms associated with recurrent concussions using data of a comprehensive survey among athletes. Design: Retrospective survey and cross-sectional study. Setting: College athletes. Participants: Student athletes who sustained one or more concussions. Main Outcome Measures: Concussion history and graded symptoms of the most recent concussion at time of the survey were surveyed. The impact of prior concussions was examined over symptoms and aggregated symptoms. Results: Multiple concussions were associated with greater reporting of individual symptoms related to emotion and physical symptoms of sensitivity to light and noise: more emotional (z = 2.3, P = .02); sadness (z = 2.4, P = .02); nervousness (z = 2.4, P = .02); irritability (z = 3.6, P = .01); sensitivity to light (z = 2.6, P = .01); and sensitivity to noise (z = 2.4, P = .04). The composite scores of emotional symptom and sensitivity symptom clusters were significantly higher: t = 2.68 (P < .01) and t = 3.35 (P < .01), respectively. Conclusions: The significant rises in emotional and sensitivity symptoms may be an important additive effect of concussive injury. Closer attention should be given to these symptom clusters when evaluating concussion injury and recovery.

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Changes in health and functioning of care home residents over two decades: what can we learn from population based studies?

10.1101/2020.08.05.20168740 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Robert O Barker ◽

Barbara Hanratty ◽

Andrew Kingston ◽

Sheena Ramsay ◽

Fiona E Matthews

Keyword(s):

Care Home ◽

Population Based ◽

Severe Disability ◽

Support Needs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

England And Wales ◽

Care Home Staff ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

Background Care home residents have complex care and support needs, as demonstrated by their vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a perception that the needs of residents have increased, but evidence is limited. We investigated changes in health and functioning of care home residents over two decades in England and Wales. Methods We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis over a 24-year period (1992-2016), using data from three longitudinal studies, the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS) I and II and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). To adjust for ageing of respondents over time results are presented for the 75-84 age group. Results Analysis of 2,280 observations from 1,745 care home residents demonstrated increases in severe disability (difficulty in at least two from washing, dressing and toileting). The prevalence of severe disability increased from 63% in 1992 to 87% in 2014 (subsequent fall in 2016 although wide confidence intervals). The prevalence of complex multimorbidity (problems in at least three out of six body systems) increased within studies over time, from 33% to 54% in CFAS I/II between 1992 and 2012, and 26% to 54% in ELSA between 2006 and 2016. Conclusion Over two decades, there has been an increase in disability and the complexity of health problems amongst care home residents in England and Wales. A rise in support needs for residents places increasing demands on care home staff and health professionals. This is an important concern for policymakers when considering the impact of COVID-19 infection in care homes.

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Hospitalized Patients Accessing Information on Prescribed Medications from the Bedside Terminal: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17134850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (13) ◽

pp. 4850

Author(s):

Jungwon Cho ◽

Seungyeon Kim ◽

Sangyoon Shin ◽

Hyejin Yoo ◽

Gi Hyue Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Health Care Information ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Expert Review ◽

Medication Information ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

Studies have documented the impact of various types of health care information technology (HIT) on patient outcomes. However, literature on the HIT products is largely for outpatients and little is known about those for hospitalized patients. In 2014, a Korean hospital developed an inpatient portal known as the Smart Bedside Station (SBS). A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the associated factors for accessing the medication view menu (Today’s Medication) on the SBS using data from October 2018 through September 2019. A root cause analysis with expert review was conducted to identify additional barriers for accessing the medication view menu. Approximately 92.58% of the study population accessed the SBS at least once during their hospital stay. However, 99.20% of accessed patients used the SBS for entertainment purposes (e.g., television) and 40.16% viewed the medication information. Younger age, higher education, and certain jobs were significant associated factors for accessing the medication information. In conclusion, this study revealed strong associations between accessing the medication view menu on the SBS and a number of associated factors. Based on the results, further research is warranted to suggest new items to access the medication view menu by hospitalized patients.

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Assessing the Impact of Gender and Race on Earnings in the Library Science Labor Market

College & Research Libraries ◽

10.5860/0710171 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 171-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Darren Sweeper ◽

Steven A. Smith

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Theoretical Model ◽

National Survey ◽

College Graduates ◽

Library Science ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male And Female ◽

Income Differences ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

Using data from the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates, this paper examines earnings in the library science labor market and assesses the impact of gender on the income attainment process. We use this cross-sectional dataset to determine if there are significant income differences between male and female library science professionals. The approach taken in this paper is to build a theoretical model of income attainment for librarians. We then discuss the methodology used to analyze the data and test the model, followed by a discussion of the results and recommendations for further research.

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Secular Trends of the Impact of Overweight and Obesity on Hypertension in Yi People: Yi Migrant Study, 1996–2015

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2020/5368357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Jia Zhang ◽

Shaoping Wan ◽

Fen Dong ◽

Li Pan ◽

Wuli Yihuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure Level ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Period 2 ◽

Obese Population ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

Background. Rising hypertension prevalence, coupled with increasing overweight and obesity rates, has been observed in Yi people. Moreover, the growing blood pressure level among Yi people was mostly attributable to the continuous increase of body mass index (BMI). However, little is known about the trend of association between them. Methods. Consequently, we investigated the impact of overweight/obesity on hypertension over three periods (1996, 2007-2008, 2015) using data from Yi Migrant Study (n = 8749). The Yi Migrant Study incorporated three successive cross-sectional studies which were implemented by the same team with consistent protocols. Results. Compared with period 1 (1996), the influence of overweight/obesity on hypertension risk significantly increased in period 2 (2007-2008) and period 3 (2015); relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was 1.59 (95% CI: 0.12, 3.05) and 1.41 (95% CI: 0.30, 2.78), respectively. Meanwhile, the overweight/obese population in period 3 did not show hypertension risk higher than that in period 2 (RERI = 0.15; 95% CI: −0.76, 1.07). Additionally, we observed a continuously growing trend of hypertension risk among normal weight Yi people. Conclusions. During the past two decades, there was a significant increase in the association between overweight/obesity and hypertension in Yi people, whereas the increasing trend has leveled off in more recent years. These findings suggest that overweight/obesity and hypertension are becoming more epidemic comorbidity over time. Interventions to prevent hypertension should focus not only on the overweight/obese population, but also on those with normal weight.

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The Impact of Shelter Environment, Parental Communication, and Supervision on Depression Outcomes Among an Urban Sample of Adolescent First-Time Shelter Users in New York City

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x18770224 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 3075-3095 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Binta Alleyne-Green ◽

Alex Kulick ◽

Hadiza L. Osuji ◽

Nisha Beharie ◽

Yvette Sealy

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Parental Communication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Environment Quality ◽

Urban Sample ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

Using data from the cross-sectional HIV prevention Outreach for Parents and Early Adolescents (HOPE) study, we explored the impact of shelter environment, quality parenting, as well as the effects of gender and first-time shelter use on depression outcomes among 243 adolescent shelter users in New York City. Results indicate comfort in the shelter environment, and higher rates of monitoring and supervision were associated with lower rates of depression. Girls residing in shelters for the first time reported highest rates of depression. Recommendations for future interventions with this population are discussed.

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Respiratory syncytial and influenza virus detecting rapid tests in children younger than 5 years of age in Armenia

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.11386 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (05.1) ◽

pp. 075S-080S ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hrachuhi Ghazaryan ◽

Ara Babloyan ◽

Ashot Sarkissian ◽

Karapet Davtyan ◽

Christoph Berger

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infections ◽

Medical Center ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rapid Tests ◽

Using Data ◽

Antigen Tests ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are major causes of morbidity in early childhood. They are mainly caused by viruses, including influenza (INF) and respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV). We aimed to investigate the role of RSV and INF in children hospitalized for ARIs and to show the impact of RSV/INF rapid testing on management of patients. Methodology: Cross-sectional study using data of inpatient care of children younger than five years hospitalized in Arabkir Medical Center due to ARI from November 1, 2013 to April 1, 2014. Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for RSV and INF types A and B by direct antigen detection tests. Results: A total of 915 patients, 583 (63.7%) boys and 332 (36.3%) girls were included in the study with the mean age of 18.8 ± 16.3 months. Among them, 390 (42.6%) were tested positive, 3 (0.3%) subjects tested positive both for RSV and INF: 269 (29.4%) for RSV and 124 (13.6%) for INF (A – 121, B – 3). Out of 915 children, 209 (23%) were pretreated with antibiotics, most often with oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (n = 54, 25.8%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 46, 22%), and amoxicillin (n = 38, 18.2%), followed by intramuscular ceftriaxone (n = 37, 17.7%). Conclusions: The usage of antigen tests for detection of respiratory viruses allowed to document high rates of RSV and INF in children admitted to the hospital. In settings where polymerase chain reaction method is not readily available, implementation of rapid tests for detection of respiratory viruses is important in the management of pediatric patients including cohorting and more targeted use of antibiotics.

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Does transnational terrorism reduce foreign direct investment? Business-related versus non-business-related terrorism

Journal of Peace Research ◽

10.1177/0022343312436768 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 407-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Matthew Powers ◽

Seung-Whan Choi

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Time Series Data ◽

International Terrorism ◽

Series Data ◽

Transnational Terrorism ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Using Data ◽

Multinational Businesses ◽

The Impact

Although several existing studies examine the economic impact of transnational terrorism by referring to its potential to reduce foreign direct investment (FDI), they overlook possible differences in the effects of business-related and non-business-related terrorism. We argue that the former type of terror negatively affects FDI since it damages multinationals’ buildings, destroys their products, kills their employees, and causes a rise in insurance premiums. The latter type of terror, however, does not induce the same ramifications and should thus have little or less influence on a country’s FDI. In order to examine the effects of these two different types of transnational terrorism, we employ three different statistical techniques using data gleaned from the International Terrorism: Attributes of Terrorist Events (ITERATE) dataset. A cross-sectional, time-series data analysis of 123 developing countries during the period from 1980 to 2008 reveals that transnational terrorism that harms multinational businesses contributes to a decrease of foreign investment but transnational terrorism that afflicts non-business-related targets is statistically irrelevant. This implies that when countries implement counterterrorism measures that are directly intended to mitigate the impact of business-related terrorist activities, they are likely to attract more foreign capital and should therefore realize a greater degree of economic development.

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