The role of preacademic activities and adult-centeredness in mother-child play in educated urban middle-class families from three cultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 101600
Author(s):  
Joscha Kärtner ◽  
Antje von Suchodoletz
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Child Play ◽  
Middle Class Families

The Role of Emotions in Socialization Processes Across Cultures

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-232
Author(s):  
Heidi Keller
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Emotion Socialization ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Socialization Processes ◽  
Middle Class Families

This chapter is based on an inextricable interrelationship between biology and culture that implies that there are universal and specific dimensions of psychological phenomena, including emotions. It is assumed that biological predispositions interact with environmental/cultural influences to shape human behavior and representational systems. After discussing the conceptions of emotions, culture, and cultural environment that underlie the discussion in this chapter, emotion socialization in different environments is presented. First, the Western middle-class child’s learning environment is portrayed before alternative developmental pathways are presented, in particular the rural farming context and some examples from non-Western urban middle-class families. Emotions are especially discussed with respect to their prevalence and centrality in socialization processes and cultural conventions of emotion expression. The author concludes that the evaluation of behaviors and behavioral representations developed in one culture with the standards of another culture is unscientific and unethical.

scholarly journals Cracking the code of place value: The relationship between place and value takes years to master

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierina Cheung ◽  
Daniel Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Place Value ◽  
Early Elementary ◽  
Early Elementary School ◽  
Comparison Pair ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Middle Class Families ◽  
Shed Light

Place value, which underlies the meanings of multi-digits, encompasses the principle of position and base-10 rules. To understand “65,” one needs to know that the digits “6” and “5” occupy different positions and thus represent ordered values of different magnitudes (the principle of position), and that the value of each position is determined by base-10 rules (e.g., the rightmost position is 10^0, followed by 10^1, 10^2, etc.). Without the principle of position, children cannot construct meanings for multi-digits. Previous studies show that children do not know the exact value of digit positions until early elementary school years, but less is known about the acquisition of positional knowledge for multi-digits. To study when and how children construct a relationship between position and value, this study explored when children begin to know that the leftmost digit represents the largest value, and whether such knowledge relates to learning number names. Four to 7-year-olds from primarily Caucasian, middle-class families were asked to compare different pairs of multi-digits. Some comparisons (e.g., 12 vs. 21) required knowledge of positional property, and some did not (e.g., 35 vs. 36). We found that as a group, 6-year-olds could recruit positional knowledge to compare multi-digits. We also found that children who knew the number names of both of the multi-digits in a comparison pair were above chance on multi-digit comparison. Our results shed light on the developmental steps towards acquiring place-value notation, and highlight a role of learning number names for learning positional property of the place-value notation.

scholarly journals Fertility Decrease and Son Preference Among the Educated Middle-Class in Kathmandu

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bishnu Prasad Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Single Child ◽  
Cultural Ecological ◽  
Gender Of Child ◽  
Middle Class Families ◽  
Day By Day

The aim of this research article is to explore the persistence of single child especially the son preference in a Hindu dominated patrilineal, patrilocal society found in Kathmandu is facing the midst of fertility decline. Using semi-structured interview schedule with the help of observation and ethnographic field work mostly in middle class families of Kathmandu, I have tried to analyze the role of socio-cultural factors in selecting the number of baby conceiving and give birth, gender of child etc. regarding reproductive health and concern were questioned to married women and which remained intact. Fertility decrease or increase is not due to the only the demographic factors, it is due to the multiple factors; social factors, cultural, ecological, economic, religious and psychological, political etc. that’s why, due to various reasons fertility is decreasing day by day in one hand and in other hand son preference is increasing day by day. People usually working couple do not want more than single child and they want to give birth a single son. It impacts on population composition, sex ration, increase abortion, familial quarrel etc. Son preference is because of multiple reasons; economic, religious, cultural, social, political familial, lineage system, customs, norms values, attitudes etc.

Opportunity Hoarding in School Choice Contexts: The Role of Policy Design in Promoting Middle-Class Parents’ Exclusionary Behaviors

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 992-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Sattin-Bajaj ◽  
Allison Roda
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Middle Class Families ◽  
Collective Strategy

Multiple studies have shown the potential for school choice policies to benefit middle-class families, often to the detriment of lower income students in the same district. Yet, there is limited research examining the role of policies in promoting inequality by encouraging exclusionary behaviors. In this article, we utilize the concept of opportunity hoarding to analyze the specific policy provisions built into New York City’s elementary and high school choice plans that prompt middle-class parents to act in ways that secure advantages for their children. We find that parents’ anxiety about scarcity of high-quality educational options combined with the design of the choice policies facilitated pervasive opportunity hoarding that functioned as a collective strategy of class preservation.

Sex-Role Specialization in a Transforming Market: Empirical Evidence from Vietnamese Middle-Class Households

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfriede Penz ◽  
Erich Kirchler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Role Changes ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Middle Class Families ◽  
Role Specialization

Vietnam is undergoing a rapid transformation to a more prosperous society. This article analyzes household decision making in a transforming economy that has undergone modification of the traditional view of the family, from being an autonomous unit to an object of state policy. This is relevant because policy interventions shape household consumption through gender equality programs and thus have an impact on sex-role specialization. The aim of this study is to advance understanding of Vietnamese household consumption decisions and spouses’ current influence patterns by investigating sex-role specialization in Vietnamese middle-class families’ decision making. Overall, no significant sex-role changes were observed. It seems that traditional Vietnamese sex-role specialization does not (yet) differ among age groups. Instead, traditional sex-role segmentation remains predominant across all investigated age groups. While economic and consumption habits change rapidly, middle-class families appear to preserve their traditional influence patterns in purchase decisions.

scholarly journals Congenital heart disease: factor affecting it and role of RBSK in dealing with situation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4437
Author(s):  
Martina S. Balat ◽  
Saurabh Kumar Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) is the second leading cause of death in infancy and childhood. So the purpose of this study to know socio-demographic profile and the maternal risk factors affecting CHD, and the role of RBSK in screening with respect to CHD.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during June to October 2016 in Ahmedabad city. Parents of 169 children with CHD who were beneficiaries of RBSK during the previous 3 months were interviewed.Results: The majority of children were in the age group of 0-3 years 49.7% (mean±SD= 4.26±4). Majority of families belonged to the lower middle class IV (41.4%). 44% of mothers had primary education. Mothers with age >30 yrs were 55.6%. Only 30.9% of mothers had taken folic acid during the periconceptional period. Mothers with previous adverse pregnancy outcome were 40.2%. Maternal stress and high blood pressure were present in 33.7% and 24.8% of the mothers respectively. 48% of children were diagnosed through Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK).Conclusions: Lower middle class, lower maternal education, advanced maternal age, low folic acid intake, previous adverse pregnancy outcome, maternal stress and high blood pressure were the leading risk factors for CHD. RBSK is playing important role in screening and diagnosing of patients.

scholarly journals Eligibility Criteria for the Upper Middle Class

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meilutė Taljūnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Class Model ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
Upper Middle Class

Each country has its own criteria for the upper middle class. On the other hand, it is clear that even the general principles that define the middle class in different countries differ markedly between them. The US and British criteria are often compared. The role of the family as an element of social stratification is important in the British upper middle class model. The article advocates the influence of family stratification on the formation of the upper (and not only) middle class in Lithuania. Not only does the upper middle class have self-employment, its income is above average and it has higher education, it also influences, identifies trends and fundamentally shapes public opinion (an aspect of its ‘social role’). The broad upper middle class is not so much a guarantor of the welfare state but of social stability in the country.

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