Drift compensation on electronic nose data for non-invasive diagnosis of prostate cancer by urine analysis

AbstractMore than one million new cases of prostate cancer (PCa) were reported worldwide in 2020, and a significant increase of PCa incidence up to 2040 is estimated. Despite potential treatability in early stages, PCa diagnosis is challenging because of late symptoms’ onset and limits of current screening procedures. It has been now accepted that cell transformation leads to release of volatile organic compounds in biologic fluids, including urine. Thus, several studies proposed the possibility to develop new diagnostic tools based on urine analysis. Among these, electronic noses (eNoses) represent one of the most promising devices, because of their potential to provide a non-invasive diagnosis. Here we describe the approach aimed at defining the experimental protocol for eNose application for PCa diagnosis. Our research investigates effects of sample preparation and analysis on eNose responses and repeatability. The dependence of eNose diagnostic performance on urine portion analysed, techniques involved for extracting urine volatiles and conditioning temperature were analysed. 192 subjects (132 PCa patients and 60 controls) were involved. The developed experimental protocol has resulted in accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 83% (CI95% 77–89), 82% (CI95% 73–88) and 87% (CI95% 75–94), respectively. Our findings define eNoses as valuable diagnostic tool allowing rapid and non-invasive PCa diagnosis.

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Integrin Alpha V in Urine: A Novel Noninvasive Marker for Prostate Cancer Detection

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2020.610647 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Marina Y. Zemskova ◽

Maria V. Marinets ◽

Andrey V. Sivkov ◽

Julia V. Pavlova ◽

Andrey N. Shibaev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Urine Analysis ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

High Specificity ◽

Control Group ◽

Prostate Hyperplasia ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Diagnostic Potential ◽

Noninvasive Biomarker ◽

Benign Prostate

Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis based on patient urine analysis provides non-invasive and promising method as compared to biopsy and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. This study was conceived to investigate whether Integrin alpha V (ITGAV) protein is present in urine and assess the urinary ITGAV diagnostic potential for PCa. Materials and Methods: Urinary ITGAV expression was determined by Western blot analysis and quantified by ELISA in urine from men with PCa (n = 47), benign prostate hyperplasia (n = 42) and age-matched controls (n = 22). Results: The level of ITGAV protein was significantly lower in PCa urine samples as compared to those in the control group (p < 0.00001). The decrease of ITGAV in urine was highly predictive of PCa with 91.5% sensitivity, 91.4% specificity, 0.93 area under the ROC curve, and its specificity was better than that of serum PSA. Conclusion: Urinary ITGAV provides a novel noninvasive biomarker with high specificity.

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Tu1996 NON-INVASIVE BREATH TEST SCREENING TO ASSESS FOR PREPROCEDURAL FASTING USING AN ELECTRONIC NOSE: AN UPDATE

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(20)33781-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (6) ◽

pp. S-1249

Author(s):

Yuri Hanada ◽

Juan Reyes Genere ◽

Bryan Linn ◽

Tiffany Mangels-Dick ◽

Kenneth K. Wang

Keyword(s):

Electronic Nose ◽

Breath Test ◽

Non Invasive

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Expression of Urokinase and Its Receptor in Invasive and Non-Invasive Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646340 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 68 (06) ◽

pp. 662-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

W Hollas ◽

N Hoosein ◽

L W K Chung ◽

A Mazar ◽

J Henkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Steady State ◽

Cell Surface ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Prostate Cancer Cell ◽

Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Lncap Cells ◽

Prostate Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Non Invasive

SummaryWe previously reported that extracellular matrix invasion by the prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and DU-145 was contingent on endogenous urokinase being bound to a specific cell surface receptor. The present study was undertaken to characterize the expression of both urokinase and its receptor in the non-invasive LNCaP and the invasive PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cells. Northern blotting indicated that the invasive PC-3 cells, which secreted 10 times more urokinase (680 ng/ml per 106 cells per 48 h) than DU-145 cells (63 ng/ml per 106 cells per 48 h), had the most abundant transcript for the plasminogen activator. This, at least, partly reflected a 3 fold amplification of the urokinase gene in the PC-3 cells. In contrast, urokinase-specific transcript could not be detected in the non-invasive LNCaP cells previously characterized as being negative for urokinase protein. Southern blotting indicated that this was not a consequence of deletion of the urokinase gene. Crosslinking of radiolabelled aminoterminal fragment of urokinase to the cell surface indicated the presence of a 51 kDa receptor in extracts of the invasive PC-3 and DU-145 cells but not in extracts of the non-invasive LNCaP cells. The amount of binding protein correlated well with binding capacities calculated by Scatchard analysis. In contrast, the steady state level of urokinase receptor transcript was a poor predictor of receptor display. PC-3 cells, which were equipped with 25,000 receptors per cell had 2.5 fold more steady state transcript than DU-145 cells which displayed 93,000 binding sites per cell.

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Non-Invasive Prediction of Prostate Cancer Gleason Scores via Radiomics Analysis

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3411046 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lixin Gong ◽

Min Xu ◽

Mengjie Fang ◽

Jian Zou ◽

Shudong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Non Invasive

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Diagnostic und Therapeutic Value of Cell-free Circulating DNA as a Non-invasive Biomarker in Patients with Prostate Cancer

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews ◽

10.2174/157339470904140418094329 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 258-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stefan Latz ◽

Stefan C. Muller ◽

Jorg Ellinger

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Circulating Dna ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Therapeutic Value ◽

Free Circulating Dna

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Drift Compensation on Massive Online Electronic-Nose Responses

Chemosensors ◽

10.3390/chemosensors9040078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Jianhua Cao ◽

Tao Liu ◽

Jianjun Chen ◽

Tao Yang ◽

Xiuxiu Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Learning ◽

Gas Sensor ◽

Electronic Nose ◽

Effective Means ◽

Learning Paradigm ◽

Class Label ◽

Learning Framework ◽

Sensor Drift ◽

Drift Compensation ◽

Noisy Labels

Gas sensor drift is an important issue of electronic nose (E-nose) systems. This study follows this concern under the condition that requires an instant drift compensation with massive online E-nose responses. Recently, an active learning paradigm has been introduced to such condition. However, it does not consider the “noisy label” problem caused by the unreliability of its labeling process in real applications. Thus, we have proposed a class-label appraisal methodology and associated active learning framework to assess and correct the noisy labels. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methodologies, we used the datasets from two E-nose systems. The experimental results show that the proposed methodology helps the E-noses achieve higher accuracy with lower computation than the reference methods do. Finally, we can conclude that the proposed class-label appraisal mechanism is an effective means of enhancing the robustness of active learning-based E-nose drift compensation.

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Prostate Cancer Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers’ Clinical Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13133373 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3373

Author(s):

Milena Matuszczak ◽

Jack A. Schalken ◽

Maciej Salagierski

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Liquid Biopsy ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Prostate Gland ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Transrectal Ultrasound ◽

Digital Rectal Examination ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. The current gold standard for diagnosing PCa relies on a transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic core needle biopsy indicated after detection changes in a digital rectal examination (DRE) and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood serum. PSA is a marker produced by prostate cells, not just cancer cells. Therefore, an elevated PSA level may be associated with other symptoms such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or inflammation of the prostate gland. Due to this marker’s low specificity, a common problem is overdiagnosis, which leads to unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. This is associated with various treatment complications (such as bleeding or infection) and generates unnecessary costs. Therefore, there is no doubt that the improvement of the current procedure by applying effective, sensitive and specific markers is an urgent need. Several non-invasive, cost-effective, high-accuracy liquid biopsy diagnostic biomarkers such as Progensa PCA3, MyProstateScore ExoDx, SelectMDx, PHI, 4K, Stockholm3 and ConfirmMDx have been developed in recent years. This article compares current knowledge about them and their potential application in clinical practice.

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