scholarly journals The movement of obsidian in Subarctic Canada: Holocene social relationships and human responses to a large-scale volcanic eruption

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 101114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd J. Kristensen ◽  
P. Gregory Hare ◽  
Ruth M. Gotthardt ◽  
Norman A. Easton ◽  
John W. Ives ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Large Scale

Power, security, and exchange: Impacts of a Late Holocene volcanic eruption in Subarctic North America

2021 ◽  
pp. 019769312098682
Author(s):  
Todd J Kristensen ◽  
John W Ives ◽  
Kisha Supernant
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Major Event ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Bow And Arrow

We synthesize environmental and cultural change following a volcanic eruption at A.D. 846–848 in Subarctic North America to demonstrate how social relationships shaped responses to natural disasters. Ethnohistoric accounts and archaeometric studies reveal differences in human adaptations in the Yukon and Mackenzie river basins that relate to exertions of power over contested resources versus affordances of security to intercept dispersed migrating animals. The ways that pre-contact hunter-gatherers maintained or redressed ecological imbalances influenced respective trajectories of resilience to a major event. Adaptive responses to a volcanic eruption affected the movement of bow and arrow technology and the proliferation of copper use in northwest North America.

Weighted social networks for a large scale artificial society

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Chen Fan ◽  
Wei Duan ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Xiao Gang Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Artificial Society ◽  
Synthetic Population

The method of artificial society has provided a powerful way to study and explain how individual behaviors at micro level give rise to the emergence of global social phenomenon. It also creates the need for an appropriate representation of social structure which usually has a significant influence on human behaviors. It has been widely acknowledged that social networks are the main paradigm to describe social structure and reflect social relationships within a population. To generate social networks for a population of interest, considering physical distance and social distance among people, we propose a generation model of social networks for a large-scale artificial society based on human choice behavior theory under the principle of random utility maximization. As a premise, we first build an artificial society through constructing a synthetic population with a series of attributes in line with the statistical (census) data for Beijing. Then the generation model is applied to assign social relationships to each individual in the synthetic population. Compared with previous empirical findings, the results show that our model can reproduce the general characteristics of social networks, such as high clustering coefficient, significant community structure and small-world property. Our model can also be extended to a larger social micro-simulation as an input initial. It will facilitate to research and predict some social phenomenon or issues, for example, epidemic transition and rumor spreading.

Five-Year Achievements of Volcano Program Promotion Panel

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ohkura ◽  
Kenji Nogami ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
Volcanic Event ◽  
System Improvement ◽  
Observation Method

To mitigate a volcanic eruption disaster, it is important to forecast the transition of the disaster, which depends on the stage of the volcanic phenomena, in addition to forecasting the site, scale, and time of the volcanic activities. To make such forecasts, it is critical to elucidate the evolution of volcanic activity. Accordingly, the Volcano Program Promotion Panel has set the prioritized target as “to forecast volcanic eruption as a cause of disaster by clarifying the branching conditions and theories of volcanic activity and improving volcanic event tree.” The panel promoted a five-year study on the elucidation of volcanic phenomena, including low-frequency and large-scale ones, status of volcanic eruption fields, volcanic eruption modeling, observation method development, and observation system improvement. In this paper, an outline of the main results of this five-year study is presented.

Secrecy Capacity Scaling of Large-Scale Networks With Social Relationships

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 2688-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kechen Zheng ◽  
Jinbei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoying Liu ◽  
Luoyi Fu ◽  
Xinbing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Secrecy Capacity ◽  
Capacity Scaling ◽  
Large Scale Networks

scholarly journals Group-level cooperation in chimpanzees is shaped by strong social ties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liran Samuni ◽  
Catherine Crockford ◽  
Roman M. Wittig
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Intergroup Encounters

AbstractHumans maintain extensive social ties of varying preferences, providing a range of opportunities for beneficial cooperative exchange that may promote collective action and our unique capacity for large-scale cooperation. Similarly, non-human animals maintain differentiated social relationships that promote dyadic cooperative exchange, but their link to cooperative collective action is little known. Here, we investigate the influence of social relationship properties on male and female chimpanzee participations in a costly form of group action, intergroup encounters. We find that intergroup encounter participation increases with a greater number of other participants as well as when participants are maternal kin or social bond partners, and that these effects are independent from one another and from the likelihood to associate with certain partners. Together, strong social relationships between kin and non-kin facilitate group-level cooperation in one of our closest living relatives, suggesting that social bonds may be integral to the evolution of cooperation in our own species.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark LeBar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing

Concerns about justice of one sort or another are ever-present in the news and in our social relationships. Sometimes these are large-scale concerns (ethnic cleansing, war crimes, sexual harassment), while other times they are small-scale (slights, broken promises, tokens of disrespect). This volume is focused not on just institutions but instead on just individuals. This chapter surveys the contributions of the volume to thinking about what being just persons involves and how we become just.

Mobilizing From Scratch: Large-Scale Collective Action Without Preexisting Organization in the Syrian Uprising

2020 ◽  
pp. 001041402091228
Author(s):  
Wendy Pearlman
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequential Logic ◽  
Scale Challenges ◽  
Dominant Theory

Core social movement research argues that large-scale challenges to authority build upon preexisting organization and civil society resources. How do dissenters mobilize masses in repressive settings where, given curtailment of civil society, autonomous associations scarcely exist and norms discourage trust more than encourage it? Testimonials from the Syrian uprising illustrate how protest can become widespread under such conditions, yet occurs through processes different from what dominant theory expects. Activists get demonstrations off the ground by planning around awareness of their organizational deficits. Once in motion, contention propels both organization and increasing organizational sophistication. To be effective, mobilization sometimes evades or obscures established social relationships, even as it produces new forms of sociability. Bridging literatures on mass and clandestine mobilization, this research reconsiders the assumed sequential logic of movement development from organization to protest, rather than vice versa. It also shifts attention from movement antecedents toward the resourcefulness and strategy that enable mobilizing both from scratch and at grave risk.

Testing the Buffering Effect of Social Relationships in a Prospective Study of Disability Onset

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062097920
Author(s):  
Richard E. Lucas ◽  
William J. Chopik
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Moderate Change ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Large Decline

Social support has been proposed to be a protective factor that buffers the losses that result from the experience of negative life events. The present study uses data from a large-scale Australian panel study (the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey) to examine how life satisfaction changes following the onset of a disabling condition and then to test whether preevent or postevent social support moderates reactions to this event. Results show that the onset of a disabling condition is associated with a large decline in life satisfaction, but these changes are not moderated by preevent social support. Postevent social support does moderate change in response to the onset of a disability, but ambiguities in the interpretation of this association must be considered.

The Labour Process in the Bombay Handloom Industry, 1880–1940

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS E. HAYNES
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Indian Industry ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Wage Labour

AbstractAnalyses of capital-labour relations in Indian industry during the colonial period have generally been confined to studies of large-scale units. This essay turns to an examination of the organization of the workplace among handloom producers in the Bombay Presidency during the period between 1880 and 1940. While recognizing the importance of contradictions between weaving families and various kinds of capitalists, the essay eschews any straightforward model of “proletarianization” to characterize this relationship. Weavers possessed methods of resistance, particularly “everyday” actions, which thwarted efforts to impose tight regimes of labour discipline within the workshop. Seeking to contain these resistances, shahukars (putting-out merchants) and karkhandars (owners of establishments using wage labour) developed complex social relationships with their workers based upon patronage, debt, and caste. Consequently, collective protest in the industry was limited, and when it did emerge in Sholapur during the later 1930s, it was highly conditioned and constrained by the multiple lines of affiliation weavers had with karkhandars.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document