P3-492: THE MISINTERPRETED AGE EFFECT ON COGNITIVE TEST RESULTS: A PRESENTATION OF TEST NORMS FROM PERSONS WITHOUT UNDERLYING PATHOLOGIES

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_24) ◽  
pp. P1310-P1310
Author(s):  
Emma Borland ◽  
Erik Stomrud ◽  
Oskar Hansson ◽  
Sebastian Palmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Age Effect ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Norms

scholarly journals The age-related effect on cognitive performance in cognitively healthy elderly is mainly caused by underlying AD pathology or cerebrovascular lesions: implications for cutoffs regarding cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Borland ◽  
Erik Stomrud ◽  
Danielle van Westen ◽  
Oskar Hansson ◽  
Sebastian Palmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
Cerebrovascular Pathology ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background As research in treatments for neurocognitive diseases progresses, there is an increasing need to identify cognitive decline in the earliest stages of disease for initiation of treatment in addition to determining the efficacy of treatment. For early identification, accurate cognitive tests cutoff values for cognitive impairment are essential. Methods We conducted a study on 297 cognitively healthy elderly people from the BioFINDER study and created subgroups excluding people with signs of underlying neuropathology, i.e., abnormal cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] β-amyloid or phosphorylated tau, CSF neurofilament light (neurodegeneration), or cerebrovascular pathology. We compared cognitive test results between groups and examined the age effect on cognitive test results. Results In our subcohort without any measurable pathology (n = 120), participants achieved better test scores and significantly stricter cutoffs for cognitive impairment for almost all the examined tests. The age effect in this subcohort disappeared for all cognitive tests, apart from some attention/executive tests, predominantly explained by the exclusion of cerebrovascular pathology. Conclusion Our study illustrates a new approach to establish normative data that could be useful to identify earlier cognitive changes in preclinical dementias. Future studies need to investigate if there is a genuine effect of healthy aging on cognitive tests or if this age effect is a proxy for higher prevalence of preclinical neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Patient and provider perceptions of a novel cognitive functioning report for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000476
Author(s):  
Laura Plantinga ◽  
Ann Vandenberg ◽  
Felicia Goldstein ◽  
Brian Jones ◽  
Jeremy Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Provider Perceptions ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
Multiple Domains

ObjectiveTo determine whether and how cognitive assessment data should be included in a report for patients with SLE and their providers.MethodsLeveraging experiences from prior studies, we created a cognitive report that included a hypothetical patient’s results on tests of multiple domains based on the NIH Toolbox Fluid Cognition Battery. In focus groups that comprised patients with SLE (two groups) and their providers (two groups), feedback was sought on the presentation of results as well as the potential value of the report in the clinical setting.ResultsFeedback regarding the presentation of the report was generally positive. Both patients with SLE and their providers liked its simple graphics and use of a colour-gradated scale to indicate performance. However, both groups stressed the importance of using non-stigmatising language in describing results. Several potential purposes of the report, including distinguishing cognitive versus other issues, explaining cognitive challenges, improving patient–provider interactions, guiding decision-making, improving functioning or preventing impairment and tracking cognitive function over time, were noted by the participants. Potential barriers, such as inadequate clinical staffing or time and lack of potential treatments for identified issues, were also discussed.ConclusionIn this exploratory study, we found that both patients with SLE and their providers were receptive to the idea of a patient-friendly report of cognitive test results. This study provides important information to guide future pragmatic research to optimise the delivery of cognitive information to patients with SLE.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kemampuan Mahasiswa Dalam Mata Kuliah Praktikum Dasar Elektrik Melalui Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuti Suartini
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Student Activity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Planning Action

This study aims to determine the ability and attitude of students in solving problems after the applicationof learning models inkuiri on paraktikum courses. Research method used is Classroom Action Reasearch (CAR) isdone in three cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. Fromthe research results obtained that the model implemented in the learning lab inkuiri electric base, in general anincrease in the learning process and results of each cycle. Cognitive test results through the pre test and post test onthe cycle I in terms of percentage of students who reach the value of > 0% 6 is increased to 94.875%, in cycle IIincreased from 6.25% to 93.375%, and the third cycle of 3.125% increase to 100%. The results of the task undertakenby the students increased each cycle. Then for the activity sheets teachers viewed from the observation activitycategory shows an increase of the cycle is the cycle I and II into either category III cycle. For student activity showsmost categories of cycle I and cycle II rose to the category in general the third cycle. Impressions and attitudes ofstudents through filling the questionnaire stated that by applying the learning model inkuiri conditions become moreactive class, students become able to appear in her opinions.

The Word Test: Language Assessment of Elementary Age Visually Impaired Children

1985 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Lisa Doss Wilson ◽  
Shirley Jo Pine
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
Language Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Norms ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Visually Impaired Children

Thirty visually impaired children, six through 12½ years of age, weere administered an expressive language test to determine its usefulness in identification of children with language disorders. The Word Test was selected because it does not use visual stimulus and its norms are based on test of sighted elementary age children. Correlation between age and scores and comparisons of test results for individuals with test norms indicate that The Word Test can be used with confidence in assessment of language disorders among visually impaired children.

Return to play after an initial or recurrent concussion in a prospective study of physician-observed junior ice hockey concussions: implications for return to play after a concussion

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. E5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sean Echlin ◽  
Charles H. Tator ◽  
Michael D. Cusimano ◽  
Robert C. Cantu ◽  
Jack E. Taunton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Mean

Object The authors investigated return-to-play duration for initial and recurrent concussion in the same season in 2 teams of junior (16–21-year-old) ice hockey players during a regular season. Methods The authors conducted a prospective cohort study during 1 junior regular season (2009–2010) of 67 male fourth-tier ice hockey players (mean age 18.2 ± 1.2 years [SD], range 16–21 years) from 2 teams. Prior to the start of the season, every player underwent baseline assessments that were determined using the Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2) and the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT). The study protocol also required players who entered the study during the season to complete a baseline SCAT2 and ImPACT. If the protocol was not followed, the postinjury test results of a player without true baseline test results were compared with previously established age- and sex-matched group normative levels. Each game was directly observed by a physician and at least 1 neutral nonphysician observer. Players suspected of suffering a concussion were evaluated by the physician during the game. If a concussion was diagnosed, the player underwent clinical evaluation at the physician's office within 24 hours. The return-to-play decision was based on clinical evaluation guided by the Zurich return-to-play protocol (contained in the consensus statement of international expert opinion at the 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2008). This clinical evaluation and return-to-play protocol was augmented by the 2 tests (SCAT2 and ImPACT) also recommended by the Zurich consensus statement, for which baseline values had been obtained. Results Seventeen players sustained a physician-observed or self-reported, physician-diagnosed concussion during a physician-observed ice hockey game. The mean clinical return-to-play duration (in 15 cases) was 12.8 ± 7.02 days (median 10 days, range 7–29 days); the mean number of physician office visits by players who suffered a concussion (15 cases) was 2.1 ± 1.29 (median 1.5 visits). Five of the 17 players who sustained a concussion also suffered a recurrent or second concussion. One of the 5 individuals who suffered a repeat concussion sustained his initial concussion in a regular season game that was not observed by a physician, and as a result this single case was not included in the total of 21 concussions. This initial concussion of the player was identified during baseline testing 2 days after the injury and was subsequently medically diagnosed and treated. The mean interval between the first and second concussions in these 5 players was 78.6 ± 39.8 days (median 82 days), and the mean time between the return-to-play date of the first and second concussions was 61.8 ± 39.7 days (median 60 days). Conclusions The mean rates of return to play for single and recurrent concussions were higher than rates cited in recent studies involving sport concussions. The time interval between the first and second concussions was also greater than previously cited. This difference may be the result of the methodology of direct independent physician observation, diagnosis, and adherence to the Zurich return-to-play protocol.

scholarly journals Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Card Sort Pada Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas IV MI Al-Islam Desa Pranggang Kecamatan Plosoklaten Kabupaten Kediri

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
Siti Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Index Card ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Self Employment

Learning by using card sort can be through the principle of apperception, the principle of motivation, the principle of self-employment and the principle of regular repetition. With card sort students are more motivated in learning so they are able to understand lessons and improve learning outcomes in accordance with the expected completeness standards. This research method is qualitative. As with the direction of qualitative research, the collected data is analyzed with the provision of intellectual weapons in the form of theory as presented in chapter II to obtain various interpretative descriptions in accordance with the rules of scientific research that are logical and rational. The results of this study are: (1) The application of the Card Sort Method to grade IV students in akidah akhak subjects in MI Al-Islam Desa Pranggang Kecamatan Plosoklaten Kabupaten Kediri, the teacher gives an index card containing the material of moral study. The more students there are, the more card pairs there are. (2) Changes in student learning outcomes after being taught using class IV card sort method in akidah akhlak subjects in MI Al-Islam  Desa Pranggang Kecamatan Plosoklaten Kabupaten Kediri, are the cognitive test results of students getting an average score of 84.14, on the affective aspects of students have a sense of faith and devotion to God in psychomotor students implementing Islamic religious teachings in daily life so as to shape the knowledge, attitudes and skills of all students here according to the target, which is to integrate the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in all learning activities. And the students' response to this learning method is very good because of students like the method of learning card sort

scholarly journals Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share Menggunakan Media Mind Mapping terhadap Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-178
Author(s):  
Rukiah Lubis ◽  
Meti Herlina ◽  
Jeni Rukmana
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mind Mapping ◽  
Activity Class ◽  
Student Activity

This study aims to determine the effect of think pair share learning models using mind mapping media on the activities and cognitive learning outcomes of class X science students of SMAN 06 Bengkulu City. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with Non-Randomized Design. Samples were taken from 2 classes of 4 classes by looking at the mean scores of students who are almost the same, namely class X Natural Sciences A as the experimental class and Natural Sciences B as a control class. The instrument used was in the form of student activity observation sheets and cognitive test questions. Based on scoring the results of the observation sheet of the experimental class student activity was higher than the control class that was 58.56 and the average posttest result was 85.69 while the observation sheet of the activity class of the control class was 53.97 and the average posttest result was 63.03. Student activity variable t-test results obtained Sig value of 0,000 <0.05 t-test results of student cognitive learning results obtained p-value of 0,000 <0.05, which means there are differences in activity scores and cognitive outcomes of students before and after the intervention of the learning model think pair share using media mind mapping. In conclusion, Think Pair Share learning model with Mind Mapping media has an influence on students' cognitive learning activities and outcomes. Keywords: activities, learning outcomes, mind mapping, think pair share

scholarly journals The Effects of Multimedia Learning on Students Achievement in Terms of Cognitive Test Results

2018 ◽  
Vol 1114 ◽  
pp. 012019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Iskandar ◽  
Muhammad Rizal ◽  
Nuning Kurniasih ◽  
Dian Utami Sutiksno ◽  
Agung Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Multimedia Learning ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Test Results

The Association between HbA1c Levels, Olfactory Memory and Cognition in Normal, Pre-Diabetic and Diabetic Persons

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Yulug ◽  
Ozlem Saatci ◽  
Aysun Işıklar ◽  
Lutfu Hanoglu ◽  
Ulkan Kilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Olfactory Testing ◽  
Olfactory Identification ◽  
Hba1c Levels ◽  
Fluency Test

Background and Aim: Recent data have shown that olfactory dysfunction is strongly related to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) that is often preceded by olfactory deficits suggesting that olfactory dysfunction might represent an early indicator of future cognitive in prediabetes. Methods: We have applied to a group of normal (n=15), prediabetic (n=16) and type 2 diabetic outpatients (n=15) olfactory testing, 1.5-T MRI scanner and detailed cognitive evaluation including the standard Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) form, Short Blessed Test (SBT), Letter Fluency Test (LFT) and the category fluency test with animal, Fruit and Vegetable Naming (CFT). Results: We have shown that Odour Threshold (OT), Discrimination (OD), and Identification (OI) scores and most cognitive test results were significantly different in the prediabetes and diabetes group compared to those in the control group. OD and OT were significantly different between the prediabetes and diabetes group, although the cognitive test results were only significantly different in the prediabetes and diabetes group compared to those in the control group. In evaluating the association between OI, OT, OD scores and specific cognitive tests, we have found, that impaired olfactory identification was the only parameter that correlated significantly with the SBT both in the pre-diabetes and diabetes group. Although spot glucose values were only correlated with OT, HbA1c levels were correlated with OT, OD, and OI, as well as results of the letter fluency test suggesting that HbA1c levels rather than the spot glucose values play a critical role in specific cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to demonstrate a strong association between olfactory dysfunction and specific memory impairment in a population with prediabetes and diabetes suggesting that impaired olfactory identification might play an important role as a specific predictor of memory decline.

Integrative Functions in Parkinsonism

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Levita ◽  
Manuel Riklan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Psychological Sense ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

The effects of neurological involvement upon integrative performance were assessed through visual-motor, perceptual, and cognitive test performance of parkinsonian and cardiac patients. No significant differences were obtained between the test results of parkinsonian and cardiac patients. For parkinsonian patients no significant variations in “higher integrative” functions could be attributed to differences in sex, age, extent of voluntary movement impairment, and laterality or severity of neurological involvement. Degree of autonomic nervous system impairment was related to psychological performance only in one test (“Odd Words” test). It was suggested that perceptual-cognitive performance of groups of parkinsonian Ss does not necessarily qualify as “organic” in the usual psychological sense.

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