The Current Construct of Food Addiction: Relationship between Cognitive Control of Eating Behavior, Mental Health, Binge Eating, Potential Eating Disorders and Food Addiction in Morbid Obesity

ObjectivesEvidence suggests that while objective binge eating (OBE) and subjective binge eating (SBE) differ in the amount of food consumed, both are associated with impairment in people with eating disorders. However, only OBE is accounted for in the diagnostic criteria of eating disorders. This study compared the sociodemographic profile and burden of OBE versus SBE at a population level.DesignPopulation-based survey.ParticipantsA representative sample of 3028 men and women. Participants were categorised into four groups based on their reporting of binge eating in the past 3 months: non-binge eating group (no OBE or SBE), OBE group, SBE group and OSBE group (both OBE and SBE).Outcome measuresDemographics (age, genderand body mass index, BMI), binge eating, distress, weight/shape overvaluation and health-related quality of life. Groups were compared on sociodemographic information, overvaluation and health-related quality of life. The OBE and SBE groups were also compared on the distress related to binge eating.ResultsNo differences were found between the SBE group and OBE group in age, gender, BMI, mental health-related quality of life and overvaluation (all p>0.05). However, differences were found in the OSBE participants, namely that they were younger, had a higher mean BMI, lower mental health-related quality of life and higher overvaluation of weight/shape than the non-binge-eating participants (all p<0.001). Proportions of participants who reported distress related to binge eating in the OBE and SBE groups also did not differ (p=0.678).ConclusionThere is little difference in the demographic profile or burden of people who engage in OBE versus SBE, supporting the proposed inclusion of SBE in the diagnostic criteria for eating disorders in International Classification of Diseases-11. People who experience both OBE and SBE may experience a relatively higher eating disorder severity and impairment.

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Mental Health Links With Eating Disorder Risk and Weight Related Concerns in First Semester College Students

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab035_107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 199-199

Author(s):

Zhiping Yu ◽

Paul Fuglestad ◽

Madisen Reasonover

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

College Students ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Well Being ◽

Eating Disorder Risk ◽

First Semester ◽

Disorder Risk

Abstract Objectives Both mental health and eating disorders are increasing health concerns for college students. This study aimed to examine associative links between psychological distress, eating disorder risk, food addiction, and weight related concerns among first semester college students. Methods Freshman students 18 years or older in all majors in a southeastern university were invited to take an online survey. The measures included demographic characteristics, psychological behaviors and eating disorder risks. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to assess associations. Results Ninety-two students (79.3% female, 61.5% white) completed the survey. Psychological distress significantly correlated with higher eating disorder risk (stress r = 0.28, anxiety r = 0.28, depression r = 0.42; P's < 0.01), higher food addiction symptom count (stress r = 0.30, anxiety r = 0.34, depression r = 0.44; P's < 0.01), and lower weight related quality of life (stress r = −0.27, anxiety r = −0.38, depression r = −0.52; P's < 0.01). Greater anxiety also significantly correlated with lower self-reported dream weights (r = −0.23, P < 0.05) and happy weights (r = −0.23, P < 0.05). Conclusions The findings suggest that the management of psychological well-being of college students is important for prevention and treatment of eating disorders and weight issues in this population. Funding Sources Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida.

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Study on Psychiatric Evaluation of Morbidly Obese Patients

International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal ◽

10.9734/indj/2021/v16i230169 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 8-16

Author(s):

Asmaa Reda Elsayed Elshazly ◽

Mohammad Abdelhakeem Seleem ◽

Mohamed Hamdy Abo-Ryia ◽

Adel Abdel-Kareem Badawy

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Morbid Obesity ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Body Mass ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Control Group ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Obese Patients

Background: Obesity is becoming an important issue for health promotion. The World Health Organization estimated that around 1.5 billion adults were overweight (body mass index (BMI) 25 kg/m2) and about 500 million people were obese (BMI 30 kg/m2) in 2008. The relationship between obesity and mental health is also considered important. In a community-based study, obesity was positively associated with several mental disorders, especially mood disorders and anxiety disorders. The aim of the study is the assessment of current and lifetime psychiatric disorders among morbidly obese patients. Methods: This case control study was conducted on 60 participants from outpatient clinic of GIT surgery unit and community. All participants were subjected to: Body weight and body mass index, Psychiatric interview for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders by Arabic version of MINI, Scale for diagnosis of Bulimia nervosa by Shokeer, Scale for diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa by Shokeer, Binge Eating Disorder Screener-7, Eating attitude test, Hamilton Depressions Rating Scale and Hamilton anxiety scale. Results: There was a significant increase in anxiety in patients with morbid obesity compared to control group. There was a significant difference between both groups showing the high prevalence of depression in patients with morbid obesity. Based on EAT test, there was a significant prevalence of abnormal eating behaviors in patients group compared to none of control group. A screening test for the presence of Binge eating symptoms revealed significant increase of symptoms in patients’ group. Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders are prevalent in morbidly obese patients and are associated with significantly worse quality of life. In addition, morbidly obese patients had significantly worse physical and mental health relative to control group from general population. High rates of psychiatric disorders among morbidly obese patients seem to be the rule rather than an exception.

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Eating Disorders

Exposure Therapy for Eating Disorders ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190069742.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-10

Author(s):

Carolyn Black Becker ◽

Nicholas R. Farrell ◽

Glenn Waller

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Body Image Disturbance ◽

Significant Morbidity ◽

Common Features ◽

The Common ◽

Health Disorders

Eating disorders are serious mental health disorders that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This chapter provides eating disorders clinicians with the necessary understanding of both the differences associated with specific ED diagnoses and the transdiagnostic features that commonly present across diagnoses. Many, if not all, of the common features can be targeted using exposure therapy, which is discussed in subsequent chapters. The authors specifically address the most common features of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder, as well as avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and other specified/unspecified eating disorders. Key transdiagnostic features of eating disorders, including eating-related fear and avoidance, body image disturbance, and binge eating, are addressed through a brief case study.

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Association of Nesfatin-1, Acylated Ghrelin and Cortisol with Scores of Compulsion, Food Addiction, and Binge Eating in Adults with Normal Weight and with Obesity

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000490357 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 54-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Itzel Lopez-Aguilar ◽

Lorena del Rocio Ibarra-Reynoso ◽

Juan Manuel Malacara

Keyword(s):

Binge Eating ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Acylated Ghrelin ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Score

Background/Aims: The alterations of eating behavior are insufficiently recognized in the clinical attention of adults with obesity. The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics of overeating behavior and its association with depression, perceived stress, acylated ghrelin, nestafin-1, and cortisol. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study included 80 participants with obesity and 50 with normal weight. The volunteers completed questionnaires to evaluate symptoms of food addiction (FA), obsessive compulsive, binge eating (BE), depression, and perceived stress. We measured glucose, lipids, acylated ghrelin, nesfatin-1, and insulin in a fasting blood sample as well as urine cortisol. We compared groups with students t test, and analysis of variance, and tested associations by logistic and multiple regression. Results: By multiple regression, the BE total score was positively associated with the FA (p < 0.0001) and depression total score (p < 0.0001). By logistic regression, the positive score of FA was associated with ghrelin (p < 0.02). The perceived stress total score was associated negatively with cortisol (p < 0.0006). Conclusion: The BE and FA are strongly associated in agreement with the concept that both conditions have overlapping features. Depressive symptoms are associated with symptoms of disordered eating behavior. FA positive score was associated with ghrelin. BE total score was associated with nesfatin-1.

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Neuropharmacology of compulsive eating

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2017.0024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 373 (1742) ◽

pp. 20170024 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Catherine F. Moore ◽

Julia I. Panciera ◽

Valentina Sabino ◽

Pietro Cottone

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Emotional State ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Compulsive Eating ◽

Negative Emotional State

Compulsive eating behaviour is a transdiagnostic construct observed in certain forms of obesity and eating disorders, as well as in the proposed construct of ‘food addiction'. Compulsive eating can be conceptualized as comprising three elements: (i) habitual overeating, (ii) overeating to relieve a negative emotional state, and (iii) overeating despite adverse consequences. Neurobiological processes that include maladaptive habit formation, the emergence of a negative affect, and dysfunctions in inhibitory control are thought to drive the development and persistence of compulsive eating behaviour. These complex psychobehavioural processes are under the control of various neuropharmacological systems. Here, we describe the current evidence implicating these systems in compulsive eating behaviour, and contextualize them within the three elements. A better understanding of the neuropharmacological substrates of compulsive eating behaviour has the potential to significantly advance the pharmacotherapy for feeding-related pathologies. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue between basic and clinical neuroscientists’.

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Relationship among Stress, Binge Eating Behavior, and Symptoms of Food Addiction in Nursing Students

Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia services convergent with Art Humanities and Sociology ◽

10.14257/ajmahs.2016.10.09 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 279-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eun-Joo Lee ◽

Kyoung-Ran An

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Food Addiction

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Relations Between Mood States and Eating Behavior During COVID-19 Pandemic in a Sample of Italian College Students

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Concetta De Pasquale ◽

Federica Sciacca ◽

Daniela Conti ◽

Maria Luisa Pistorio ◽

Zira Hichy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Mood States ◽

Emotional States

The fear of contagion during the COVID-19 pandemic has been indicated as a relevant cause of psychological pathologies occurring in this period. Food represents a compensating experience, distracting from the experiences of uncertainty, fear and despair, causing alterations in eating habits and behaviors. The study aims at evaluating the relations between fear of a pandemic, mood states and eating disorders in Italian college students, taking into account gender differences. During the lockdown for the pandemic, a sample of 469 college students equally distributed by gender, was recruited online using a questionnaire including the FCV-19S for the assessment of fear of COVID-19, the profile of mood states (POMS) for the evaluation of different emotional states, the eating disorder inventory-2 (EDI-2) and the binge eating scale (BES) to evaluate the presence of the levels of eating disorders. As expected, all emotive states measured by POMS (tension, depression, anger, tiredness, confusion) resulted significantly correlated with the fear of COVID-19. Women were more exposed to fear of COVID-19 showing greater tension, fatigue, depression and confusion, and a significantly higher total mood disturbance score than males. Regarding the EDI-2 and BES variables, tension and anxiety resulted significantly correlated also with bulimic behavior, while depression with interoceptive awareness, impulsivity, and binge eating behaviors, without gender differences. In conclusion, the negative impact of the fear of COVID-19 on the emotional profile and eating behavior suggests the need to implement strategies against psychological distress during the pandemic emergency, and to design psycho-educational interventions aimed at modifying the lifestyle for preventing risks of mental disorders fostering health-oriented behaviors.

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