Variability in environmental impacts during conversion from conventional to organic farming: a comparison among three rice production systems in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Hokazono ◽  
Kiyotada Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Production

scholarly journals Valuation of External Costs of Wet-Season Lowland Rice Production Systems in Northern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamthorn Thambhitaks ◽  
Jirawan Kitchaicharoen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Human Health Damage ◽  
Health Damage ◽  
Rice Straw Burning

This study aims to assess the external costs of environmental impacts associated with the rice production systems using LCA approach and evaluated them into the economic value. The study compared the different chemical and energy use, as well as straw management of the three different rice production systems, included the mainstream conventional rice system, GAP rice system, and the organic rice system in Northern Thailand. The LCA analysis quantified the midpoint and endpoint of five environmental impacts, including climate change, terrestrial acidification, eutrophication, water depletion, and human health damage, from cradle-to-farm gate. The results of economic valuation revealed that the external costs of the conventional and GAP rice systems have significantly higher than that of the organic system. Most external costs came from the wastewater treatment cost due to the eutrophication mainly arising from the use of chemical fertilizer. Besides, about one-fourth of the total external costs came from the human health damage cost due to the open-air rice straw burning. To reduce the external costs of rice production, the amount of chemical fertilizer use causing eutrophication should be diminished and replaced by applying organic fertilizer from incorporating rice straw into the soil as well as growing a rotational crop after rice cultivation to stop the open-air rice straw burning and reduced the human health damage. The government should encourage rice farmers to the organic rice farming and manage the rice straw without burning because they may have the cost burden, whereas society gains more benefits from less pollution. Keywords: Economic valuation, Environmental impacts, Life Cycle Assessment, Rice production systems, Thai Good Agricultural Practice

Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from rice production systems in Brazil: A comparison between minimal tillage and organic farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 799-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Aparecida Nunes ◽  
Marcus Seferin ◽  
Vinícius Gonçalves Maciel ◽  
Simone Hickmann Flôres ◽  
Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals Organic Farming Lessens Reliance on Pesticides and Promotes Public Health by Lowering Dietary Risks

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Charles Benbrook ◽  
Susan Kegley ◽  
Brian Baker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Conventional Farms

Organic agriculture is a production system that relies on prevention, ecological processes, biodiversity, mechanical processes, and natural cycles to control pests and maintain productivity. Pesticide use is generally limited or absent in organic agroecosystems, in contrast with non-organic (conventional) production systems that primarily rely on pesticides for crop protection. Significant differences in pesticide use between the two production systems markedly alter the relative dietary exposure and risk levels and the environmental impacts of pesticides. Data are presented on pesticide use on organic and non-organic farms for all crops and selected horticultural crops. The relative dietary risks that are posed by organic and non-organic food, with a focus on fresh produce, are also presented and compared. The results support the notion that organic farms apply pesticides far less intensively than conventional farms, in part because, over time on well-managed organic farms, pest pressure falls when compared to the levels on nearby conventional farms growing the same crops. Biopesticides are the predominant pesticides used in organic production, which work by a non-toxic mode of action, and pose minimal risks to human health and the environment. Consequently, eating organic food, especially fruits and vegetables, can largely eliminate the risks posed by pesticide dietary exposure. We recommend ways to lower the pesticide risks by increased adoption of organic farming practices and highlight options along organic food supply chains to further reduce pesticide use, exposures, and adverse worker and environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment to Highlight the Environmental Burdens of Early Potato Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Timpanaro ◽  
Ferdinando Branca ◽  
Mariarita Cammarata ◽  
Giacomo Falcone ◽  
Alessandro Scuderi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Real Performance

Climate change, food security, and the protection of the planet’s resources require the adoption of sustainable production models. Achieving sustainable development in the agri-food sector enables the creation of new opportunities for operators, guiding farmers towards more environmentally friendly practices and offering cost-effective results. Organic farming paradigms are promoted by the transformation of some harmful practices of conventional agriculture, such as the wide use of chemical products of synthesis, the deep workings that favor the erosive processes, the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers. There are still gaps in the knowledge of the real performance of some products that strongly support the local economic system of Sicily (Italy). The research aims to highlight the differences in environmental impact caused by the cultivation of organic early potatoes compared to the conventional regime and the same per kg of product obtained. To this end, the widely used methodology for comparing the environmental impacts of agricultural production systems is the Life Cycle Assessment, which allows us to highlight the phases in which environmental criticalities are most concentrated. An interesting agroecological picture of knowledge emerges, since organic farming is by definition an ecological model that supports the principles of the Green Deal, it often requires interventions to improve the yields obtained in order to achieve a positive result both in terms of cultivated surface and kg of product obtained.

Ground cover rice production systems are more adaptable in cold regions with high content of soil organic matter

2014 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiju Liu ◽  
Weiling Liang ◽  
Hang Qu ◽  
Gengyin Zhi ◽  
Qiuxue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Cold Regions

scholarly journals Impact of Herbicides on Non-Target Organisms in Sustainable Irrigated Rice Production Systems: State of Knowledge and Future Prospects

10.5772/13568 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Galhano ◽  
Laranjo Gomes ◽  
Fernndez-valientec Eduardo ◽  
Romeu Videira ◽  
Francisco Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Irrigated Rice

scholarly journals Branching features of apple cultivars in integrated and organic production technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dremák ◽  
Á. Csihon ◽  
I. Gonda
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Integrated Production ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Production

In our study, vegetative characteristics of 39 apple cultivars were evaluated in environmentally friendly production systems. Numbers of the branches of the central leader in different high zones were shown. According to our results, number of the branches of the axis was probably larger in the integrated production system, compared to the organic one, which is related to the conditional status of the trees. Based on our experiences training and maintaining canopies in integrated system was easier, as relative more extensive canopies were needed in organic farming.

scholarly journals A Way Forward to Combat Insect Pest in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
MP Ali ◽  
B Nessa ◽  
MT Khatun ◽  
MU Salam ◽  
MS Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Management Options

The damage caused by insect pest is the continual factor for the reduction of rice production. To date, 232 rice insect pest species are identified in Bangladesh and more than 100 species of insects are considered pests in rice production systems globally, but only about 20 - 33 species can cause significant economic loss. The major goal of this study is to explore all the possible ways of developed and proposed technologies for rice insect pests management and minimize economic losses. Insect pests cause 20% average yield loss in Asia where more than 90% of the world's rice is produced. In Bangladesh, outbreak of several insects such as rice hispa, leafroller, gallmidge, stem borers and brown planthopper (BPH) occurs as severe forms. Based on previous reports, yield loss can reach upto 62% in an outbreak situation due to hispa infestation. However, BPH can cause 44% yield loss in severe infestested field. To overcome the outbreaks in odd years and to keep the loss upto 5%, it is necessary to take some preventive measures such as planting of resistant or tolerant variety, stop insecticide spraying at early establishment of rice, establish early warning and forecasting system, avoid cultivation of susceptible variety and following crop rotation. Subsequent quick management options such as insecticidal treatment for specific insect pest should also be broadcasted through variety of information systems. Advanced genomic tool can be used to develop genetically modified insect and plants for sustainable pest management. In addition, to stipulate farmers not use insecticides at early crop stgae and minimize general annualized loss, some interventions including training rice farmers, regular field monitoring, digitalization in correct insect pests identification and their management (example; BRRI rice doctor mobile app), and demonstration in farmers field. Each technology itself solely or combination of two or more or all the packages can combat the insect pests, save natural enemies, harvest expected yield and contribute to safe food production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 1-22, 2021

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