A hospital outbreak of an NDM-producing ST167 E. coli with a possible link to a toilet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vigith Andrews ◽  
Henrik Hasman ◽  
Marianne Midttun ◽  
Marie Bjerregaard Feldthaus ◽  
Lone Jannok Porsbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
E Coli ◽  
Hospital Outbreak

ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH GASTROENTERITIS IN INFANTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A HOSPITAL OUTBREAK DUE TO E. COLI TYPE 111;B4

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Crossley ◽  
M. Simpson ◽  
M. Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Since 1952 specimens of stool from infants have been examined for Escherichia coli types 111;B4 and 55;B5. In 1953 the examination of these specimens was extended to include E. coli types 26;B6, 86;B7, 125, and 126. E. coli type 111;B4 was identified 156 times from 138 infants varying in age from newborn to one year. These strains could be separated into the three serological groups described by Kauffmann. There were 33 of subtype 111;B4;2, six of 111;B4;12, and 103 non-motile strains without H antigen. The 111;B4;2 cultures were salicin negative and resistant to streptomycin, whereas 111;B4;12 cultures were salicin positive and sensitive to streptomycin. Subtype 111;B4;2 was responsible for a hospital outbreak of gastro-enteritis in which the organism was isolated from the feces of 25 infants. Isolations of the five other types totalled 18 from 15 patients. Ninety-five per cent of the patients from whom the six E. coli types were isolated had a history of diarrhea of more or less severity.

scholarly journals Outbreak of NDM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Dutch Hospital, with Interspecies Transfer of the Resistance Plasmid and Unexpected Occurrence in Unrelated Health Care Centers

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 2380-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thijs Bosch ◽  
Suzanne P. M. Lutgens ◽  
Mirjam H. A. Hermans ◽  
Peter C. Wever ◽  
Peter M. Schneeberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Dutch Hospital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Resistance Plasmid ◽  
Health Care Centers

ABSTRACT In the Netherlands, the number of cases of infection with New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-positive Enterobacteriaceae is low. Here, we report an outbreak of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a Dutch hospital with interspecies transfer of the resistance plasmid and unexpected occurrence in other unrelated health care centers (HCCs). Next-generation sequencing was performed on 250 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates, including 42 NDM-positive isolates obtained from 29 persons at the outbreak site. Most outbreak isolates were K. pneumoniae ( n = 26) and Escherichia coli ( n = 11), but 5 isolates comprising three other Enterobacteriaceae species were also cultured. The 26 K. pneumoniae isolates had sequence type 873 (ST873), as did 7 unrelated K. pneumoniae isolates originating from five geographically dispersed HCCs. The 33 ST873 isolates that clustered closely together using whole-genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST) carried the same plasmids and had limited differences in the resistome. The 11 E. coli outbreak isolates showed great variety in STs, did not cluster using wgMLST, and showed considerable diversity in resistome and plasmid profiles. The bla NDM-1 gene-carrying plasmid present in the ST873 K. pneumoniae isolates was found in all the other Enterobacteriaceae species cultured at the outbreak location and in a single E. coli isolate from another HCC. We describe a hospital outbreak with an NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae strain from an unknown source that was also found in patients from five other Dutch HCCs in the same time frame without an epidemiological link. Interspecies transfer of the resistance plasmid was observed in other Enterobacteriaceae species isolated at the outbreak location and in another HCC.

scholarly journals Convergence of virulence and drug efflux traits in a siderophore ABC transporter on mobile genetic elements in Gram negative pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robeena Farzand ◽  
Kumar Rajakumar ◽  
Galina Mukamolova ◽  
Mike Bare ◽  
Helen O’Hare
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Drug Efflux ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Drug Efflux Pumps

The accessory genome of the human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae is large, variable and highly mobile. This reservoir of genes leads to the emergences of hospital outbreak strains with enhanced virulence and multidrug resistance, such as ST258, and acts as a source for transfer of these traits to other Gram negative pathogens. One such mobile genetic element, ICEKp, is prevalent in isolates of invasive disease where it enhances iron acquisition by the siderophore yersiniabactin. Yersiniabactin is also a virulence factor in pathogenic Escherichia coli and Yersinia species. Similarities between siderophore transporters and drug efflux pumps led us to postulate that the yersiniabactin transport proteins could contribute to antimicrobial resistance. We determined the effect of loss and gain of ICEKp, or the transporters alone, on iron acquisition and drug sensitivity of K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Deletion of ICEKp impaired iron acquisition of clinical isolate K. pneumoniae HS11286 due to reduced siderophore secretion and reduced ability to acquire iron from siderophores. A simultaneous increase in sensitivity to a broad range of antimicrobials could be complemented by reintroduction of the ybtPQ ABC transporter. Furthermore, transfer of ICEKp to E. coli occurred efficiently by conjugation and conferred a similar decrease in sensitivity to antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Hospital outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales associated with an OXA-48 plasmid carried mostly by Escherichia coli ST399

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Ledda ◽  
Martina Cummins ◽  
Liam P. Shaw ◽  
Elita Jauneikaite ◽  
Kevin Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Unique Clade ◽  
Plasmid Conjugation

AbstractA hospital outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales was detected by routine surveillance. Whole genome sequencing and subsequent analysis revealed a conserved promiscuous OXA-48 carrying plasmid as the defining factor within this outbreak. Four different species of Enterobacteriales were involved in the outbreak. Escherichia coli ST399 accounted for 20/55 of all the isolates. Comparative genomics with publicly available E. coli ST399 sequence data showed that the outbreak isolates formed a unique clade. The OXA-48 plasmid identified in the outbreak differed from other known plasmids by an estimated five homologous recombination events. We estimated a lower bound to the plasmid conjugation rate to be 0.23 conjugation events per lineage per year. Our analysis suggests co-evolution between the plasmid and its main bacterial host to be a key driver of the outbreak. This is the first study to report carbapenem-resistant E. coli ST399 carrying OXA48 as the main cause of a plasmid-borne outbreak within a hospital setting. This study supports complementary roles for both plasmid conjugation and clonal expansion in the emergence of this outbreak.

scholarly journals A Virulence Associated Siderophore Importer Reduces Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robeena Farzand ◽  
Kumar Rajakumar ◽  
Michael R. Barer ◽  
Primrose P. E. Freestone ◽  
Galina V. Mukamolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mobile Genetic Element ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Secondary Function

The accessory genomes of many pathogenic bacteria include ABC transporters that scavenge metal by siderophore uptake and ABC transporters that contribute to antimicrobial resistance by multidrug efflux. There are mechanistic and recently recognized structural similarities between siderophore importer proteins and efflux pumps. Here we investigated the influence of siderophore importer YbtPQ on antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae. YbtPQ is encoded in the yersiniabactin cluster in a prevalent mobile genetic element ICEKp, and is also common in pathogenicity islands of Escherichia coli and Yersinia species, where yersiniabactin enhances virulence. Deletion of ICEKp increased the susceptibility of K. pneumoniae to all antimicrobials tested. The mechanism was dependent on the yersiniabactin importer YbtPQ and may involve antimicrobial efflux, since it was affected by the inhibitor reserpine. The element ICEKp is naturally highly mobile, indeed the accessory genome of K. pneumoniae is recognized as a reservoir of genes for the emergence of hospital outbreak strains and for transfer to other Gram-negative pathogens. Introduction of ICEKp, or a plasmid encoding YbtPQ, to E. coli decreased its susceptibility to a broad range of antimicrobials. Thus a confirmed siderophore importer, on a rapidly evolving and highly mobile element capable of interspecies transfer, may have a secondary function exporting antimicrobials.

scholarly journals A virulence associated siderophore importer causes antimicrobial efflux in Klebsiella pneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robeena Farzand ◽  
Kumar Rajakumar ◽  
Michael R Barer ◽  
Primrose P E Freestone ◽  
Galina V Mukamolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Accessory Genome ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Secondary Function

AbstractThe accessory genome of many pathogenic bacteria includes ABC transporters that scavenge metal by siderophore uptake and ABC transporters that contribute to antimicrobial resistance by multidrug efflux. There are mechanistic and recently recognised structural similarities between siderophore importer proteins and efflux pumps. Here we investigated the influence of siderophore importer YbtPQ on antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae. YbtPQ is encoded in the yersiniabactin cluster in a prevalent mobile genetic element ICEKp, and is also common in pathogenicity islands of Escherichia coli and Yersinia species, where yersiniabactin enhances virulence. Deletion of ICEKp increased the sensitivity of K. pneumoniae to all antimicrobials tested. The mechanism was dependent on the yersiniabactin importer YbtPQ and involved antimicrobial efflux, since it was affected by the inhibitor reserpine. The element ICEKp is naturally highly mobile, indeed the accessory genome of K. pneumoniae is recognised as a reservoir of genes for the emergence of hospital outbreak strains and for transfer to other Gram-negative pathogens. Introduction of ICEKp, or a plasmid encoding YbtPQ, to E. coli decreased its sensitivity to a broad range of antimicrobials. Thus, a confirmed siderophore importer, on a rapidly evolving and highly mobile element capable of interspecies transfer, may have a secondary function exporting antimicrobials.

Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

Ribosome Structural Organization

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
James A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Complete Sequences

The understanding of ribosome structure has advanced considerably in the last several years. Biochemists have characterized the constituent proteins and rRNA's of ribosomes. Complete sequences have been determined for some ribosomal proteins and specific antibodies have been prepared against all E. coli small subunit proteins. In addition, a number of naturally occuring systems of three dimensional ribosome crystals which are suitable for structural studies have been observed in eukaryotes. Although the crystals are, in general, too small for X-ray diffraction, their size is ideal for electron microscopy.

Sites of Adsorption of the Bacteriophages T3 and T5 on the Wall of Escherichia Coli B.

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Manfred E. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall ◽  
Host Cell Surface ◽  
Bacterial Viruses ◽  
Escherichia Coli B

Bacterial viruses adsorb specifically to receptors on the host cell surface. Although the chemical composition of some of the cell wall receptors for bacteriophages of the T-series has been described and the number of receptor sites has been estimated to be 150 to 300 per E. coli cell, the localization of the sites on the bacterial wall has been unknown.When logarithmically growing cells of E. coli are transferred into a medium containing 20% sucrose, the cells plasmolize: the protoplast shrinks and becomes separated from the somewhat rigid cell wall. When these cells are fixed in 8% Formaldehyde, post-fixed in OsO4/uranyl acetate, embedded in Vestopal W, then cut in an ultramicrotome and observed with the electron microscope, the separation of protoplast and wall becomes clearly visible, (Fig. 1, 2). At a number of locations however, the protoplasmic membrane adheres to the wall even under the considerable pull of the shrinking protoplast. Thus numerous connecting bridges are maintained between protoplast and cell wall. Estimations of the total number of such wall/membrane associations yield a number of about 300 per cell.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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