Reactivation of spent FCC catalyst by mixed acid leaching for efficient catalytic cracking

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojian Lu ◽  
Xinyu Lu ◽  
Pei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Spent Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Mixed Acid ◽  
Fcc Catalyst

Encapsulation of heavy metals on spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sun ◽  
X. Z. Li ◽  
M. Brungs ◽  
D. Trimm
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Leaching Tests ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Spent Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Standard Specimens ◽  
Fcc Catalysts

Vanadium and nickel were found as major contaminants on spent FCC catalyst at levels of 3518 ppm and 3225 ppm, respectively. XPS results indicated that vanadium and nickel were in oxide form on spent FCC catalysts. Leaching tests (TCLP) showed that vanadium from spent FCC catalysts poses an environmental problem if disposed by landfill. It was found that encapsulation treatment with up to 60 wt % spent FCC catalyst in Portland cement, is an effective means of stabilization. The strength of standard specimens containing catalyst was much lower than that of standard specimens made with same weight percentage of sand.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization and activity performance of nickel-loaded spent FCC catalyst for pine gum hydrogenation

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 6515-6525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Chen ◽  
Lu Ren ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Jiezhen Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Spent Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
Wet Impregnation Method

A Ni-based catalyst supported over a spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst was prepared by a wet impregnation method.

scholarly journals Hidrokarbon Hasil Perengkahan Sampah Polystyrene Foam

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ella Melyna
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Spent Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Effect

Polystyrene foam atau yang lebih dikenal styrofoam banyak digunakan untuk kemasan, bahan kerajinan, dekorasi, bahan bangunan, dan sebagainya. Namun penggunaan polystyrene foam untuk kemasan masih menimbulkan beberapa kontroversi. Beberapa pandangan negatif muncul mengenai penggunaan polystyrene foam seperti menyebabkan masalah kesehatan dan lingkungan. Menurut aspek lingkungan, polystyrene foam merupakan material yang sulit terurai secara alami oleh alam. Penanganan sampah polystyrene foam yang sebatas pembuangan saja akan membebani alam dalam penguraiannya. Oleh karena itu kegiatan pengelolaan sampah polystyrene foam perlu dilakukan. Salah satu metode pengelolaan sampah polystyrene foam untuk dijadikan suatu produk yang lebih berguna dan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat pada masa yang akan datang adalah mengkonversi sampah polystyrene foam menjadi bahan bakar. Bagaimanapun juga dilihat dari bahan dasarnya sampah polystyrene foam berpotensi mempunyai nilai ekonomis sebagai sumber bahan baku jika diolah dengan cara yang tepat yaitu akan menghasilkan hidrokarbon sebagai bahan dasar energi. Konversi sampah polystyrene foam menjadi bahan bakar adalah dengan cara perengkahan sampah polystyrene foam menggunakan katalis (catalytic cracking) yang dijalankan pada suhu lebih rendah daripada thermal cracking. Pada penelitian ini, sampah polystyrene foam direngkah menggunakan katalis H-Zeolit pada suhu 360oC. Hasil perengkahan sampah polystyrene foam dianalisa menggunakan alat GC-MS. Hasil perengkahan sampah polystyrene foam pada suhu 360oC dengan katalis H-Zeolit menghasilkan 85,52% fraksi gasoline dan 7,4% fraksi kerosin dan diesel dengan komposisi fraksi gasoline 100% golongan aromatik. Kandungan senyawa aromatik yang tinggi dalam gasoline bersifat karsinogen, sebagai pembentuk deposit dan penyumbang emisi gas buang berbahaya. Referensi : [1]      Miskudin Taufik, “Teluk Jakarta Jadi Sarang Sampah Plastik,” 2019. https://itjen.kemdikbud.go.id/public/post/detail/teluk-jakarta-jadi-sarang-sampah-plastik (accessed Apr. 15, 2021). [2]      K. H. Lee, D. H. Shin, and Y. H. Seo, “Liquid-phase catalytic degradation of mixtures of waste high-density polyethylene and polystyrene over spent FCC catalyst. Effect of mixing proportions of reactants,” Polym. Degrad. Stab., vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 123–127, Apr. 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.09.019. [3]      Adrian, “Depolimerisasi Katalitik Sampah Plastik menjadi BBM menggunakan Limbah Katalis RFCC Pertamina UP-VI Balongan,” 2013. [4]      Nurfathiyahalfi, “Bensin dan Bilangan Oktan.docx - Bensin dan Bilangan Oktan Bensin adalah salah satu jenis bahan bakar minyak yang dimaksudkan untuk kendaraan bermotor | Course Hero,” 2019. https://www.coursehero.com/file/45124238/Bensin-dan-Bilangan-Oktandocx/ (accessed Apr. 15, 2021). [5]      Ashadi, “Knocking Archives - Kimia itu Mudah,” 2012. http://ashadisasongko.staff.ipb.ac.id/tag/knocking/ (accessed Apr. 15, 2021). [6]      T. H. Soerawidjaja, “Bahan-Bahan Bakar Hidrokarbon Utama : Bensin, Solar, dan Avtur,” 2014. [7]      P. Ghosh, K. J. Hickey, and S. B. Jaffe, “Development of a detailed gasoline composition-based octane model,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 337–345, 2006, doi: 10.1021/ie050811h. [8]      Anjar, “Efek Samping Sering Ganti Oktan BBM - Garasi.id,” 2020. https://garasi.id/artikel/ganti-oktan-bbm/59af7a6ce7ed0a12e93bfeec (accessed Apr. 15, 2021).

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Spent FCC Catalysts for the Catalytic Cracking Process of Waste Tires

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuansheng Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Tian ◽  
Baishun Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Shaoming Li
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
Spent Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Fcc Catalysts

Research on the synergistic high-value reuse of waste tires and used catalysts in spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts was carried out in this study to address the serious ecological and environmental problems caused by waste tires and spent FCC catalysts. The experiment, in which a spent FCC catalyst was applied to the catalytic cracking of waste tires, fully utilized the residual activity of the spent FCC catalyst and was compared with a waste tire pyrolysis experiment. The comparative experimental results indicated that the spent FCC catalyst could improve the cracking efficiency of waste tires, increase the output of light oil in pyrolysis products, and improve the quality of pyrolysis oil. It could also be used for the conversion of sulfur compounds during cracking. The content of 2-methyl-1-propylene in catalytic cracking gas was found to be up to 65.59%, so a new method for producing high-value chemical raw materials by the catalytic cracking of waste tires with spent FCC catalysts is proposed.

scholarly journals Towards the Circular Economy of Rare Earth Elements: Lanthanum Leaching from Spent FCC Catalyst by Acids

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1369
Author(s):  
Corradino Sposato ◽  
Enrico Catizzone ◽  
Alessandro Blasi ◽  
Marilena Forte ◽  
Assunta Romanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Spent Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Oxalate Precipitation ◽  
The Impact

Rare earth elements (REEs) are strategic materials widely used in different applications from Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to catalysis, which are expected to grow more in the future. In order to reduce the impact of market price and reduce the environmental effect from soil extraction, recovery/purification strategies should be exploited. This paper presents a combined acid-leaching/oxalate precipitation process to recover lanthanum from spent FCC catalyst using nitric acid. Preferred to hydrochloric and sulphuric acid (preliminary assessed), HNO3 showed a good capability to completely leach lanthanum. The combination with an oxalate precipitation step allowed demonstrating that a highly pure (>98% w/w) lanthanum solid can be recovered, with a neglectable amount of poisoning metals (Ni, V) contained into the spent catalyst. This could open a reliable industrial perspective to recover and purify REE in the view of a sustainable recycling strategy.

An analytical microscopic study of metals in fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 854-855
Author(s):  
Clifford S. Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Regeneration

The spatial distribution of V and Ni deposited within fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is studied because these metals contribute to catalyst deactivation. Y zeolite in FCC microspheres are high SiO2 aluminosilicates with molecular-sized channels that contain a mixture of lanthanoids. They must withstand high regeneration temperatures and retain acid sites needed for cracking of hydrocarbons, a process essential for efficient gasoline production. Zeolite in combination with V to form vanadates, or less diffusion in the channels due to coke formation, may deactivate catalyst. Other factors such as metal "skins", microsphere sintering, and attrition may also be involved. SEM of FCC fracture surfaces, AEM of Y zeolite, and electron microscopy of this work are developed to better understand and minimize catalyst deactivation.

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