The final maturation state of β-actin involves N-terminal acetylation by NAA80 not N-terminal arginylation by ATE1

Development of cAMP responses to secretin, pancreatic glucagon, and histamine was measured in gastric glands of fetal (day 20), postnatal (days 1-30), and adult rats (day 65). cAMP stimulation by these hormones was already detected on day 20 of gestation. cAMP generation showed biphasic variations during the 1st days of life and at the onset of weaning (day 20). Anticipated weaning at day 14 triggered precocious maturation (efficacies) of the cAMP-generating systems sensitive to secretin, glucagon, and histamine without changing the potencies of the hormones. During development, the general characteristics (potency and pharmacological or regulatory properties) of the receptor-cAMP systems studied were comparable with those evidenced in adult rats. At days 5, 20, and 65, vasoactive intestinal peptide and the peptide having N-terminal histidine and C-terminal isoleucine amide (PHI) were about 100 times less potent than secretin (EC50 = 1.5 X 10(-9) M secretin). The histamine action could be blocked by the competitive H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine (70-100% inhibition) as well as by the noncompetitive inhibitor somatostatin (37-62% inhibition). The data indicate that these regulatory hormones (secretin, glucagon(s), histamine, and somatostatin) might have a direct effect on gastric glands and may modulate their biological activities (metabolism, differentiation, proliferation, and exocrine and endocrine secretions) from the neonatal period in rats. The important physiological role of weaning on the final maturation of the cAMP-generating systems in rat gastric glands is underlined.

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Differential regulation of granulopoiesis by the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional inhibitors Id1 and Id2

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2004-12-4883 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 105 (11) ◽

pp. 4272-4281 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Miranda Buitenhuis ◽

Hanneke W. M. van Deutekom ◽

Liesbeth P. Verhagen ◽

Anders Castor ◽

Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Role ◽

Ectopic Expression ◽

Constitutive Expression ◽

Retroviral Transduction ◽

Basic Helix Loop Helix ◽

Helix Loop Helix ◽

Cd34 Cells ◽

Final Maturation ◽

Inhibitor Of Dna Binding

Abstract Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins function as inhibitors of members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors and have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulating lymphopoiesis. However, the role of these proteins in regulation of myelopoiesis is currently unclear. In this study, we have investigated the role of Id1 and Id2 in the regulation of granulopoiesis. Id1 expression was initially up-regulated during early granulopoiesis, which was then followed by a decrease in expression during final maturation. In contrast, Id2 expression was up-regulated in terminally differentiated granulocytes. In order to determine whether Id expression plays a critical role in regulating granulopoiesis, Id1 and Id2 were ectopically expressed in CD34+ cells by retroviral transduction. Our experiments demonstrate that constitutive expression of Id1 inhibits eosinophil development, whereas in contrast neutrophil differentiation was modestly enhanced. Constitutive Id2 expression accelerates final maturation of both eosinophils and neutrophils, whereas inhibition of Id2 expression blocks differentiation of both lineages. Transplantation of β2-microglobulin-/- nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice with CD34+ cells ectopically expressing Id1 resulted in enhanced neutrophil development, whereas ectopic expression of Id2 induced both eosinophil and neutrophil development. These data demonstrate that both Id1 and Id2 play a critical, although differential role in granulopoiesis.

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Effect of tiller age and time of nitrogen stress on seed production of Paspalum plicatulum

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960005886x ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 219-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. A. Chadhokar ◽

L. R. Humphreys

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Seed Size ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

Development Stage ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Nitrogen Stress ◽

Floral Initiation ◽

Final Maturation

SummaryPaspalum plicatulum was grown at Brisbane in boxes of sand receiving basal nutrients and frequent irrigation; weekly levels of ammonium nitrate application were varied according to growth and development stage.The rate of tiller appearance increased to a maximum 40–50 days after sowing and almost ceased thereafter. Tiller leaf number, survival, fertility, inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were positively related to tiller age. Young tillers were more sensitive to variations in nitrogen supply than old tillers.Adequate nitrogen nutrition during the vegetative phase from sowing to floral initiation (93 days) increased tiller and hence inflorescence density; increased inflorescence branching was compensated by fewer seeds per raceme. Good nitrogen nutrition during the phase from floral initiation to inflorescence exsertion (142 days) increased survival of late-formed tillers and hence inflorescence density; inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were also increased. Nitrogen stress during the final maturation phase did not affect seed yield.

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Temperature gradients in vivo influence maturing male and female gametes in mammals: evidence from the cow

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd17089 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 2301 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. H. F. Hunter ◽

F. López-Gatius ◽

O. López-Albors

Keyword(s):

Follicular Fluid ◽

Open Surgery ◽

Temperature Gradients ◽

Fluid Temperature ◽

Preovulatory Follicle ◽

Male And Female ◽

Direct Measurements ◽

Final Maturation ◽

Preovulatory Follicles

Since 1980 several reports have indicated that temperatures vary between preovulatory follicles and other ovarian tissues in rabbit, cow, pig and human. However, these observations did not achieve prominence; they were regarded as artefacts due to the use of anaesthetics and open surgery (laparotomy). Recently, without resorting to anaesthesia or surgery, direct measurements of temperature in preovulatory follicles have been performed in the cow by means of a thermistor probe introduced into the antrum under ultrasonic guidance. Such follicles revealed a mean antral (follicular fluid) temperature 0.74°C and 1.54°C cooler than uterine surface and rectal temperatures respectively in ovulating cows, whereas no such temperature differences were detected in non-ovulating cows. Cows are predominantly monovular and preovulatory follicles attain a diameter of 15–22 mm or more. These features and the timescale of response to the preovulatory gonadotrophin surge make them a valuable model for the human preovulatory follicle. Temperature gradients are interpreted primarily in a context of final maturation of gametes immediately before the onset of fertilisation. Preovulatory follicular temperature in women could be assessed by a comparable approach and might become a valuable selection guide for oocyte viability.

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Environmental influence on maturation and dominance relationships in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.): temperature competes with photoperiod for primacy

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies ◽

10.2478/v10009-009-0042-4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ewa Sokołowska ◽

Ewa Kulczykowska

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Visual Information ◽

Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽

Environmental Influence ◽

Gonadal Development ◽

Constant Darkness ◽

Dominance Relationships ◽

Final Maturation ◽

Maturation Rate ◽

Spawning Periods

Environmental influence on maturation and dominance relationships in the three-spined stickleback (In this study, the influence of a combination of different photoperiods and temperatures on the final maturation and social interactions in three-spined sticklebacks was investigated. Water temperature appears to be the principal signal affecting gonadal development and breeding activity of sticklebacks in pre-spawning and spawning periods. Males can mature independently of photoperiod and a stimulatory effect of high temperature is not diminished by light deprivation. On the other hand, low temperature can inhibit the development of secondary sexual characters in males exposed to long day or constant light. In females, lighting seems to be more decisive for complete maturation and the lack of light delays the maturation rate, even in high temperature. While kept under the same conditions, males mature quicker than females. The presence of light and visual information are crucial to establish the social position of individuals in the group. In light, a rigid social hierarchy with one dominant, sexually active male is observed. In constant darkness, however, several males in the group demonstrate every sign of sexual activity.

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The Splicing ATPase Prp43p Is a Component of Multiple Preribosomal Particles

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.25.21.9269-9282.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 25 (21) ◽

pp. 9269-9282 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Simon Lebaron ◽

Carine Froment ◽

Micheline Fromont-Racine ◽

Jean-Christophe Rain ◽

Bernard Monsarrat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Affinity Purification ◽

Rna Polymerase I ◽

Rrna Processing ◽

Rrna Transcription ◽

Pol I ◽

Final Maturation ◽

Steady State Levels ◽

Splicing Defects ◽

Polymerase I ◽

Two Hybrid

ABSTRACT Prp43p is a putative helicase of the DEAH family which is required for the release of the lariat intron from the spliceosome. Prp43p could also play a role in ribosome synthesis, since it accumulates in the nucleolus. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that depletion of Prp43p leads to accumulation of 35S pre-rRNA and strongly reduces levels of all downstream pre-rRNA processing intermediates. As a result, the steady-state levels of mature rRNAs are greatly diminished following Prp43p depletion. We present data arguing that such effects are unlikely to be solely due to splicing defects. Moreover, we demonstrate by a combination of a comprehensive two-hybrid screen, tandem-affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry, and Northern analyses that Prp43p is associated with 90S, pre-60S, and pre-40S ribosomal particles. Prp43p seems preferentially associated with Pfa1p, a novel specific component of pre-40S ribosomal particles. In addition, Prp43p interacts with components of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription machinery and with mature 18S and 25S rRNAs. Hence, Prp43p might be delivered to nascent 90S ribosomal particles during pre-rRNA transcription and remain associated with preribosomal particles until their final maturation steps in the cytoplasm. Our data also suggest that the ATPase activity of Prp43p is required for early steps of pre-rRNA processing and normal accumulation of mature rRNAs.

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Cerebral Palsy and Toe-Walking

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.6.10.304a ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 304-304

Author(s):

LAWRENCE T. TAFT

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

General Population ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Learning Problems ◽

Normal Children ◽

Final Maturation ◽

Walking Balance ◽

Balance Problems ◽

Toe Walking

A few readers of the article on cerebral palsy (PIR 1984;6:35-42) have indicated that persistent toe-walking may be a "normal" phenomenon. I know of no reported series of normal children who toe-walked at preschool age and older. In my own experience, walking intermittently on the toes without an obvious organic cause does occur. It probably reflects a mannerism whose dynamics remain unexplained. The concern is that persistent toe-walking without an evident organic cause may lead to heel cord contractures. Also, I have noted that toe-walking is seen in children who have personality, behavior, and/or learning problems. Admittedly, this association may simply reflect the type of children referred to me and cannot be applicable to the general population. I have speculated that if toe-walking in beginning walkers reflects the infant's compensatory attempt to throw his or her center of balance behind the hips so as not to fall forward when trying to establish walking balance, then, in those infants with subtle neuromotor balance problems, toe-walking may persist longer than usual. One might further speculate that, in spite of final maturation leading to better balance, toe-walking, which becomes unnecessary for balance, is continued as a "habit."

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Biomechanical interactions of Schistosoma mansoni eggs with vascular endothelial cells facilitate egg extravasation

10.1101/2021.09.16.459846 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Ting Yeh ◽

Danielle E. Skinner ◽

Ernesto Criado-Hidalgo ◽

Natalie Shee Chen ◽

Antoni Garcia-De Herreros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽

Flexible Substrate ◽

Blood Stream ◽

The Body ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Maturation State

AbstractThe eggs of the parasitic blood fluke, Schistosoma, are the main drivers of the chronic pathologies associated with schistosomiasis, a disease of poverty afflicting approximately 220 million people worldwide. Eggs laid by Schistosoma mansoni in the bloodstream of the host are encapsulated by vascular endothelial cells (VECs), the first step in the migration of the egg from the blood stream into the lumen of the gut and eventual exit from the body. The biomechanics associated with encapsulation and extravasation of the egg are poorly understood. We demonstrate that S. mansoni eggs induce VECs to form two types of membrane extensions during encapsulation; filopodia that probe eggshell surfaces and intercellular nanotubes that presumably facilitate VEC communication. Encapsulation efficiency, the number of filopodia and intercellular nanotubes, and the length of these structures depend on the egg’s vitality and, to a lesser degree, its maturation state. During encapsulation, live eggs induce VEC contractility and membranous structures formation, in a Rho/ROCK pathway-dependent manner. Using elastic hydrogels embedded with fluorescent microbeads as substrates to culture VECs, live eggs induce VECs to exert significantly greater contractile forces during encapsulation than dead eggs, which leads to 3D deformations on both the VEC monolayer and the flexible substrate underneath. These significant mechanical deformations cause the VEC monolayer tension to fluctuate with eventual rupture of VEC junctions, thus facilitating egg transit out of the blood vessel. Overall, our data on the mechanical interplay between host VECs and the schistosome egg improve our understanding of how this parasite manipulates its immediate environment to maintain disease transmission.

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