scholarly journals Animal studies in clinical MRI scanners: A custom setup for combined fMRI and deep-brain stimulation in awake rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 109240
Author(s):  
Maik Derksen ◽  
Valerie Rhemrev ◽  
Marijke van der Veer ◽  
Linda Jolink ◽  
Birte Zuidinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Clinical Mri ◽  
Awake Rats ◽  
Deep Brain

Can neuromodulation techniques optimally exploit cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit properties to enhance motor learning post-stroke?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Israely ◽  
Gerry Leisman
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Deep Brain

Abstract Individuals post-stroke sustain motor deficits years after the stroke. Despite recent advancements in the applications of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and Deep Brain Stimulation in humans, there is a lack of evidence supporting their use for rehabilitation after brain lesions. Non-invasive brain stimulation is already in use for treating motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson’s disease and post-stroke. Deep Brain Stimulation has become an established treatment for individuals with movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, epilepsy, cerebral palsy and dystonia. It has also been utilized for the treatment of Tourette’s syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease and neuropsychiatric conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression and anorexia nervosa. There exists growing scientific knowledge from animal studies supporting the use of Deep Brain Stimulation to enhance motor recovery after brain damage. Nevertheless, these results are currently not applicable to humans. This review details the current literature supporting the use of these techniques to enhance motor recovery, both from human and animal studies, aiming to encourage development in this domain.

scholarly journals A Decade of Progress in Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subcallosal Cingulate for the Treatment of Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharafuddin Khairuddin ◽  
Fung Yin Ngo ◽  
Wei Ling Lim ◽  
Luca Aquili ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Deep Brain

Major depression contributes significantly to the global disability burden. Since the first clinical study of deep brain stimulation (DBS), over 446 patients with depression have now undergone this neuromodulation therapy, and 29 animal studies have investigated the efficacy of subgenual cingulate DBS for depression. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress of DBS of the subcallosal cingulate in humans and the medial prefrontal cortex, its rodent homolog. For preclinical animal studies, we discuss the various antidepressant-like behaviors induced by medial prefrontal cortex DBS and examine the possible mechanisms including neuroplasticity-dependent/independent cellular and molecular changes. Interestingly, the response rate of subcallosal cingulate Deep brain stimulation marks a milestone in the treatment of depression. DBS achieved response and remission rates of 64–76% and 37–63%, respectively, from clinical studies monitoring patients from 6–24 months. Although some studies showed its stimulation efficacy was limited, it still holds great promise as a therapy for patients with treatment-resistant depression. Overall, further research is still needed, including more credible clinical research, preclinical mechanistic studies, precise selection of patients, and customized electrical stimulation paradigms.

scholarly journals Deep Brain Stimulation Does Not Silence Neurons in Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson's Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 962-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Carlson ◽  
Daniel R. Cleary ◽  
Justin S. Cetas ◽  
Mary M. Heinricher ◽  
Kim J. Burchiel
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Firing Rate ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Deep Brain

Two broad hypotheses have been advanced to explain the clinical efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for treatment of Parkinson's disease. One is that stimulation inactivates STN neurons, producing a functional lesion. The other is that electrical stimulation activates the STN output, thus “jamming” pathological activity in basal ganglia-corticothalamic circuits. Evidence consistent with both concepts has been adduced from modeling and animal studies, as well as from recordings in patients. However, the stimulation parameters used in many recording studies have not been well matched to those used clinically. In this study, we recorded STN activity in patients with Parkinson's disease during stimulation delivered through a clinical DBS electrode using standard therapeutic stimulus parameters. A microelectrode was used to record the firing of a single STN neuron during DBS (3–5 V, 80–200 Hz, 90- to 200-μs pulses; 33 neurons/11 patients). Firing rate was unchanged during the stimulus trains, and the recorded neurons did not show prolonged (s) changes in firing rate on termination of the stimulation. However, a brief (∼1 ms), short-latency (6 ms) postpulse inhibition was seen in 10 of 14 neurons analyzed. A subset of neurons displayed altered firing patterns, with a predominant shift toward random firing. These data do not support the idea that DBS inactivates the STN and are instead more consistent with the hypothesis that this stimulation provides a null signal to basal ganglia-corticothalamic circuitry that has been altered as part of Parkinson's disease.

scholarly journals Deep Brain Stimulation for Alzheimer's Disease: Stimulation Parameters and Potential Mechanisms of Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinpei Luo ◽  
Yuwei Sun ◽  
Xuelong Tian ◽  
Xiaolin Zheng ◽  
Xing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Deep Brain

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical technique that regulates neuron activity by using internal pulse generators to electrodes in specific target areas of the brain. As a blind treatment, DBS is widely used in the field of mental and neurological diseases, although its mechanism of action is still unclear. In the past 10 years, DBS has shown a certain positive effect in animal models and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there are also different results that may be related to the stimulation parameters of DBS. Based on this, determining the optimal stimulation parameters for DBS in AD and understanding its mechanism of action are essential to promote the clinical application of DBS in AD. This review aims to explore the therapeutic effect of DBS in AD, and to analyze its stimulation parameters and potential mechanism of action. The keywords “Deep brain stimulation” and “Alzheimer's Disease” were used for systematic searches in the literature databases of Web of Science and PubMed (from 1900 to September 29, 2020). All human clinical studies and animal studies were reported in English, including individual case studies and long-term follow-up studies, were included. These studies described the therapeutic effects of DBS in AD. The results included 16 human clinical studies and 14 animal studies, of which 28 studies clearly demonstrated the positive effect of DBS in AD. We analyzed the current stimulation parameters of DBS in AD from stimulation target, stimulation frequency, stimulation start time, stimulation duration, unilateral/bilateral treatment and current intensity, etc., and we also discussed its potential mechanism of action from multiple aspects, including regulating related neural networks, promoting nerve oscillation, reducing β-amyloid and tau levels, reducing neuroinflammation, regulating the cholinergic system, inducing the synthesis of nerve growth factor.

scholarly journals Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Deep Brain

Major depressive disorder is a worldwide disease with debilitating effects on a patient's life. Common treatments include pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy. Many patients do not respond to these treatments; this has led to the investigation of alternative therapeutic modalities. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one of these modalities. It was first used with success for treating movement disorders and has since been extended to the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Although DBS is still an emerging treatment, promising efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in preliminary trials in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Further, neuroimaging has played a pivotal role in identifying some DBS targets and remains an important tool for evaluating the mechanism of action of this novel intervention. Preclinical animal studies have broadened knowledge about the possible mechanisms of action of DBS for TRD, Given that DBS involves neurosurgery in patients with severe psychiatric impairment, ethical questions concerning capacity to consent arise; these issues must continue to be carefully considered.

scholarly journals Automatic Localization of the Subthalamic Nucleus on Patient-Specific Clinical MRI by Incorporating 7T MRI and Machine Learning: Application in Deep Brain Stimulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyoung Kim ◽  
Yuval Duchin ◽  
Reuben R. Shamir ◽  
Remi Patriat ◽  
Jerrold Vitek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Clinical Mri ◽  
Deep Brain

ABSTRACTDeep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has shown clinical potential for relieving the motor symptoms of advanced Parkinson’s disease. While accurate localization of the STN is critical for consistent across-patients effective DBS, clear visualization of the STN under standard clinical MR protocols is still challenging. Therefore, intraoperative microelectrode recordings (MER) are incorporated to accurately localize the STN. However, MER require significant neurosurgical expertise and lengthen the surgery time. Recent advances in 7T MR technology facilitate the ability to clearly visualize the STN. The vast majority of centers, however, still do not have 7T MRI systems, and fewer have the ability to collect and analyze the data. This work introduces an automatic STN localization framework based on standard clinical MRIs without additional cost in the current DBS planning protocol. Our approach benefits from a large database of 7T MRI and its clinical MRI pairs. We first model in the 7T database, using efficient machine learning algorithms, the spatial and geometric dependency between the STN and its adjacent structures (predictors). Given a standard clinical MRI, our method automatically computes the predictors and uses the learned information to predict the patient-specific STN. We validate our proposed method on clinical T2W MRI of 80 subjects, comparing with experts-segmented STNs from the corresponding 7T MRI pairs. The experimental results show that our framework provides more accurate and robust patient-specific STN localization than using state-of-the-art atlases. We also demonstrate the clinical feasibility of the proposed technique assessing the post-operative electrode active contact locations.

scholarly journals Neurostimulation to improve level of consciousness in patients with epilepsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. E10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Gummadavelli ◽  
Adam J. Kundishora ◽  
Jon T. Willie ◽  
John P. Andrews ◽  
Jason L. Gerrard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Deep Brain

When drug-resistant epilepsy is poorly localized or surgical resection is contraindicated, current neurostimulation strategies such as deep brain stimulation and vagal nerve stimulation can palliate the frequency or severity of seizures. However, despite medical and neuromodulatory therapy, a significant proportion of patients continue to experience disabling seizures that impair awareness, causing disability and risking injury or sudden unexplained death. We propose a novel strategy in which neuromodulation is used not only to reduce seizures but also to ameliorate impaired consciousness when the patient is in the ictal and postictal states. Improving or preventing alterations in level of consciousness may have an effect on morbidity (e.g., accidents, drownings, falls), risk for death, and quality of life. Recent studies may have elucidated underlying networks and mechanisms of impaired consciousness and yield potential novel targets for neuromodulation. The feasibility, benefits, and pitfalls of potential deep brain stimulation targets are illustrated in human and animal studies involving minimally conscious/vegetative states, movement disorders, depth of anesthesia, sleep-wake regulation, and epilepsy. We review evidence that viable therapeutic targets for impaired consciousness associated with seizures may be provided by key nodes of the consciousness system in the brainstem reticular activating system, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, thalamus, and basal forebrain.

scholarly journals The nucleus accumbens and alcoholism: a target for deep brain stimulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. E12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen L. Ho ◽  
Anne-Mary N. Salib ◽  
Arjun V. Pendharkar ◽  
Eric S. Sussman ◽  
William J. Giardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Deep Brain

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a difficult to treat condition with a significant global public health and cost burden. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been implicated in AUD and identified as an ideal target for deep brain stimulation (DBS). There are promising preclinical animal studies of DBS for alcohol consumption as well as some initial human clinical studies that have shown some promise at reducing alcohol-related cravings and, in some instances, achieving long-term abstinence. In this review, the authors discuss the evidence and concepts supporting the role of the NAc in AUD, summarize the findings from published NAc DBS studies in animal models and humans, and consider the challenges and propose future directions for neuromodulation of the NAc for the treatment of AUD.

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