Predictive value of 4th post-operative-day CRP in the early detection of complications after laparoscopic bowel resection for endometriosis

Background: Mortality from ovarian cancer remains high due to the lack of methods for early detection. The difficulty lies in the low prevalence of the disease necessitating a significantly high specificity and positive-predictive value (PPV) to avoid unneeded and invasive intervention. Currently, cancer antigen- 125 (CA-125) is the most commonly used biomarker for the early detection of ovarian cancer. In this study we determine the value of combining macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), osteopontin (OPN), and prolactin (PROL) with CA-125 in the detection of ovarian cancer serum samples from healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 432 serum samples were included in this study. 153 samples were from ovarian cancer patients and 279 samples were from age-matched healthy controls. The four proteins were quantified using a fully automated, multi-analyte immunoassay. The serum samples were divided into training and testing datasets and analyzed using four classification models to calculate accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: The four-protein biomarker panel yielded an average accuracy of 91% compared to 85% using CA-125 alone across four classification models (p = 3.224 × 10−9). Further, in our cohort, the four-protein biomarker panel demonstrated a higher sensitivity (median of 76%), specificity (median of 98%), PPV (median of 91.5%), and NPV (median of 92%), compared to CA-125 alone. The performance of the four-protein biomarker remained better than CA-125 alone even in experiments comparing early stage (Stage I and Stage II) ovarian cancer to healthy controls. Conclusions: Combining MIF, OPN, PROL, and CA-125 can better differentiate ovarian cancer from healthy controls compared to CA-125 alone.

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Predictive value of QT dispersion and isolated T-wave inversion in lead aVL for early detection of left anterior descending coronary artery lesions

Atherosclerosis Supplements ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.03.015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. e8

Author(s):

Ramadan Ghaleb ◽

Hossam Mansour

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Early Detection ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Qt Dispersion ◽

Coronary Artery Lesions ◽

T Wave ◽

Wave Inversion

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Evaluation of MRSASelect™Chromogenic Medium for the Early Detection of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusfrom Blood Cultures

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2013/201516 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. e113-e116 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kanchana Manickam ◽

Andrew Walkty ◽

Philippe RS Lagacé-Wiens ◽

Heather Adam ◽

Barbara Swan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Antimicrobial Therapy ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Turnaround Time ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Gram Stain ◽

Chromogenic Medium ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

INTRODUCTION:Staphylococcus aureusbacteremia is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. In theory, reducing the turnaround time in reporting of methicillin-resistantS aureus(MRSA) among patients with bactermia could assist with the rapid optimization of antimicrobial therapy.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of MRSASelect(Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA), a chromogenic medium, in the early detection of MRSA from blood cultures growing Gram-positive cocci in clusters, and to confirm that routine use of this medium would, in fact, reduce turnaround time for MRSA identification.METHODS: The present study was conducted at three microbiology laboratories in Manitoba. Between April 2010 and May 2011, positive blood cultures with Gram-positive cocci in clusters visualized on Gram stain were subcultured to both MRSASelectand routine media. MRSA isolates were identified using conventional microbiological methods from routine media and using growth with the typical colony morphology (pink colony) on MRSASelectmedium.RESULTS: A total of 490 blood cultures demonstrating Gram-positive cocci in clusters on Gram stain were evaluated.S aureuswas recovered from 274 blood cultures, with 51S aureusisolates (51 of 274 [18.6%]) identified as MRSA. MRSASelectmedium had a sensitivity of 98%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 99.8% for the recovery and identification of MRSA directly from positive blood culture bottles. In addition, use of MRSASelectmedium was found to improve turnaround time in the detection of MRSA by almost 24 h relative to conventional methods.DISCUSSION: These data support the utility of MRSASelectmedium for the rapid identification of MRSA from positive blood cultures. Further clinical studies are warranted to determine whether the improvement in turnaround time will result in a measurable reduction in suboptimal antimicrobial therapy and/or improvement in patient outcome.

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Role of Covid Antigen in the Diagnosis of Covid Positive in Obstetric Patients

10.53350/pjmhs2115103356 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 3356-3358

Author(s):

Ambreen Fatima ◽

Nidda Yaseen ◽

Amna Fareed ◽

Kashif Ali Samin ◽

Shumaela Kanwal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Early Detection ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

False Negative ◽

Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽

Antigen Test ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity

Background and Aim: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapid emergence postured significant challenges on the health system in recent years. The early detection of cases is thought to be critical in preventing this pandemic by coronavirus disease (COVID-19), especially important in the obstetrical population due to theirs numerous interactions with another parturient when hospitalized for delivery. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the COVID antigen test performance in COVID-positive obstetrics patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1296 Covid-19 asymptomatic women admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Muhammad Teaching Hospital & Medical College, Peshawar and Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi for the duration of six months from February 2021 to July 2021. Antigen-based test rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was used for screening out COVID-19 positive obstetrics patients or women through nasopharyngeal swabs. Women with negative rapid antigen test results were confirmed with RT-polymers chain reaction test of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). Ethical approval and informed consent were taken from the hospital ethical committee and each individual respectively. All the known positive COVID-19 patients during admission were excluded. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of rapid antigen-positive tested patients was 13.2% (171/1296). The prevalence of positive tested women through rapid antigen test, Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT), and RT-PCR were 27 (2.1%), 51 (3.9%), and 93 (7.2%) respectively. Of the total 1296 rapid antigen tests, 27 were positive, and the false-negative confirmed positive by NAAT was 144.Thus the sensitivity of the rapid antigen test was 15.8% and the negative predictive value was 93.7%. Of the total 298 Nucleic Acid Amplification Tested had sensitivity and negative predictive value of 89.6% and 99.06% respectively. RT-PCR was carried out on 972 patients, positive diagnosed cases were 36 while 15 were initially negative and were positive with the test was repeated. The sensitivity and negative predictive value was 71.45% and 95.8% respectively. Conclusion: Our study found that Ag-RDT plays a significant role in SARS-CoV-2 early detection in infected individuals, with high specificity and sensitivity to disease infectious stage, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, and can be used as a decision supported tool. Early detection of COVID-19 status in women admitted for delivery could benefit neonatal protection care. Keywords: Covid-19; Rapid antigen test; RT-PCR test

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Response: Re: Predictive Value of Symptoms for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/djq355 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 102 (20) ◽

pp. 1601-1601 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary Anne Rossing ◽

Noel S. Weiss

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Predictive Value

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Utility of the methylated SEPT9 test for the early detection of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy

BMJ Open Gastroenterology ◽

10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000355 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000355 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rohit Hariharan ◽

Mark Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Early Detection ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Test Accuracy ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundCirculating tumour DNA from colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biomarker for early detection of the disease and therefore potentially useful for screening. One such biomarker is the methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) gene, which occurs during CRC tumourigenesis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to establish the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mSEPT9 tests for the early diagnosis of CRC.MethodsA systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted using Medline and Embase databases. Data were extracted from the eligible studies and analysed to estimate pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic test accuracy.ResultsBased on 19 studies, the pooled estimates (and 95% CIs) for mSEPT9 to detect CRC were: sensitivity 69% (62–75); specificity 92% (89–95); positive likelihood ratio 9.1 (6.1–13.8); negative likelihood ratio 0.34 (0.27–0.42); diagnostic OR 27 (15–48) and area under the curve 0.89 (0.86–0.91). The test has a positive predictive value of 2.6% and negative predictive value of 99.9% in an average risk population (0.3% CRC prevalence), and 9.5% (positive predictive value) and 99.6% (negative predictive value) in a high-risk population (1.2% CRC prevalence).ConclusionThe mSEPT9 test has high specificity and moderate sensitivity for CRC and is therefore a potential alternative screening method for those declining faecal immunochemical test for occult blood (FIT) or other screening modalities. However, it is limited by its poor diagnostic performance for precancerous lesions (advanced adenomas and polyps) and its relatively high costs, and little is known about its acceptability to those declining to use the FIT.

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Can CT Virtual Cystoscopy Replace Conventional Cystoscopy in Early Detection of Bladder Cancer?

Advances in Urology ◽

10.1155/2015/926590 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sachin Abrol ◽

Ankush Jairath ◽

Sanika Ganpule ◽

Arvind Ganpule ◽

Shashikant Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Bladder Tumor ◽

Urothelial Cancer ◽

Routine Clinical Practice ◽

Bladder Tumors ◽

Virtual Cystoscopy ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Aim. To correlate findings of conventional cystoscopy with CT virtual cystoscopy (CTVC) in detecting bladder tumors and to evaluate accuracy of virtual cystoscopy in early detection of bladder cancer.Material and Method. From June 2013 to June 2014, 50 patients (46 males, four females) with history and investigations suggestive of urothelial cancer, with mean age 62.76 ± 10.45 years, underwent CTVC by a radiologist as per protocol and subsequently underwent conventional cystoscopy (CPE) the same day or the next day. One urologist and one radiologist, blinded to the findings of conventional cystoscopy, independently interpreted the images, and any discrepant readings were resolved with consensus.Result. CTVC detected 23 out of 25 patients with bladder tumor(s) correctly. Two patients were falsely detected as negative while two were falsely labeled as positive in CTVC. Virtual and conventional cystoscopy were comparable in detection of tumor growth in urinary bladder. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of virtual cystoscopy were 92% each.Conclusion. CTVC correlates closely with the findings of conventional cystoscopy. Bladder should be adequately distended and devoid of urine at the time of procedure. However, more studies are required to define the role of virtual cystoscopy in routine clinical practice.

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