Effects of hydroxyl radicals and oxygen species on the 4-chlorophenol degradation by photoelectrocatalytic reactions with TiO2-film electrodes

Doxycycline (DOXY) is an antibiotic routinely prescribed in human and veterinary medicine for antibacterial treatment, but it has also numerous side effects that include oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer or hypoxia-induced injury. Endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and polysulfides affect similar biological processes, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role. Herein, we have studied the interaction of DOXY with H2S (Na2S) or polysulfides (Na2S2, Na2S3 and Na2S4) to gain insights into the biological effects of intermediates/products that they generate. To achieve this, UV-VIS, EPR spectroscopy and plasmid DNA (pDNA) cleavage assay were employed. Na2S or Na2S2 in a mixture with DOXY, depending on ratio, concentration and time, displayed bell-shape kinetics in terms of producing/scavenging superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and decomposing hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, the effects of individual compounds (except for Na2S2) were hardly observable. In addition, DOXY, as well as oxytetracycline and tetracycline, interacting with Na2S or other studied polysulfides reduced the •cPTIO radical. Tetracyclines induced pDNA cleavage in the presence of Na2S. Interestingly, they inhibited pDNA cleavage induced by other polysulfides. In conclusion, sulfide and polysulfides interacting with tetracyclines produce/scavenge free radicals, indicating a consequence for free radical biology under conditions of ROS production and tetracyclines administration.

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Biological Activity of Dolichandrone Serrulata Flowers and Their Active Components

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501000819 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501000

Author(s):

Phanida Phanthong ◽

Noppawan Phumala Morales ◽

Sirirat Chancharunee ◽

Supachoke Mangmool ◽

Natthinee Anantachoke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydroxyl Radicals ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽

Protocatechuic Acid ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Active Components ◽

Hek 293 ◽

Biological Studies ◽

Weak Activity ◽

Species Production

Dolichandrone serrulata (DC.) Seem flowers are widely used as vegetables in northern and eastern Thailand. Biological studies of the methanolic extract of these flowers have shown promising antioxidant activity. Biological-guided separation of D. serrulata flowers yielded six compounds, identified as hallerone, protocatechuic acid, rengyolone, cleroindicin B, ixoside, and isomaltose. This is the first report on hallerone, protocatechuic acid, rengyolone, cleroindicin B, and isomaltose in D. serrulata. Protocatechuic acid was the most potent scavenger of 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals with IC50 values of 25.6 ± 0.6 and 29.6 ± 0.4 μM, respectively. Hallerone and rengyolone showed moderate scavenging action on superoxide radicals and inhibited H2O2 induced reactive oxygen species production in HEK-293 cell. In addition, the other isolated compounds showed weak activity.

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Role of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in contraction-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle extracellular space

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00322.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 286 (5) ◽

pp. C1152-C1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

A. McArdle ◽

J. van der Meulen ◽

G. L. Close ◽

D. Pattwell ◽

H. Van Remmen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Hydroxyl Radical ◽

Hydroxyl Radicals ◽

Extracellular Space ◽

Superoxide Anion ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Superoxide Anions ◽

Wild Type ◽

Mnsod Activity

Contractions of skeletal muscles produce increases in concentrations of superoxide anions and activity of hydroxyl radicals in the extracellular space. The sources of these reactive oxygen species are not clear. We tested the hypothesis that, after a demanding isometric contraction protocol, the major source of superoxide and hydroxyl radical activity in the extracellular space of muscles is mitochondrial generation of superoxide anions and that, with a reduction in MnSOD activity, concentration of superoxide anions in the extracellular space is unchanged but concentration of hydroxyl radicals is decreased. For gastrocnemius muscles from adult (6–8 mo old) wild-type ( Sod2+/+) mice and knockout mice heterozygous for the MnSOD gene ( Sod2+/-), concentrations of superoxide anions and hydroxyl radical activity were measured in the extracellular space by microdialysis. A 15-min protocol of 180 isometric contractions induced a rapid, equivalent increase in reduction of cytochrome c as an index of superoxide anion concentrations in the extracellular space of Sod2+/+ and Sod2+/- mice, whereas hydroxyl radical activity measured by formation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate from salicylate increased only in the extracellular space of muscles of Sod2+/+ mice. The lack of a difference in increase in superoxide anion concentration in the extracellular space of Sod2+/+ and Sod2+/- mice after the contraction protocol supported the hypothesis that superoxide anions were not directly derived from mitochondria. In contrast, the data obtained suggest that the increase in hydroxyl radical concentration in the extracellular space of muscles from wild-type mice after the contraction protocol most likely results from degradation of hydrogen peroxide generated by MnSOD activity.

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Involvement of the MetO/Msr System in Two Acer Species That Display Contrasting Characteristics during Germination

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21239197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (23) ◽

pp. 9197

Author(s):

Natalia Wojciechowska ◽

Shirin Alipour ◽

Ewelina Stolarska ◽

Karolina Bilska ◽

Pascal Rey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydroxyl Radicals ◽

Superoxide Anion ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Methionine Sulfoxide ◽

Redox System ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Embryonic Axes ◽

Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases ◽

Germination Process ◽

Norway Maple

The levels of methionine sulfoxide (MetO) and the abundances of methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs) were reported as important for the desiccation tolerance of Acer seeds. To determine whether the MetO/Msrs system is related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and involved in the regulation of germination in orthodox and recalcitrant seeds, Norway maple and sycamore were investigated. Changes in water content, MetO content, the abundance of MsrB1 and MsrB2 in relation to ROS content and the activity of reductases depending on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides were monitored. Acer seeds differed in germination speed—substantially higher in sycamore—hydration dynamics, levels of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radicals (O2•−) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which exhibited peaks at different stages of germination. The MetO level dynamically changed, particularly in sycamore embryonic axes, where it was positively correlated with the levels of O2•− and the abundance of MsrB1 and negatively with the levels of •OH and the abundance of MsrB2. The MsrB2 abundance increased upon sycamore germination; in contrast, it markedly decreased in Norway maple. We propose that the ROS–MetO–Msr redox system, allowing balanced Met redox homeostasis, participates in the germination process in sycamore, which is characterized by a much higher speed compared to Norway maple.

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Effects of airway inflammation, ozone and exercise on the pulmonary antioxidant capacity of the horse: A war of nutrition

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00041318 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 129-131

Author(s):

C Deaton

Keyword(s):

Hydroxyl Radicals ◽

Cell Damage ◽

The Body ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽

Antioxidant Defences ◽

Oxygen Utilisation ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Normal Cellular Function

Within the body there is continual production of entities known as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). These include radical derivatives of oxygen that contain at least one unpaired electron and include species such as the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. ROS also include nonradical derivatives of oxygen that are capable of oxidising biomolecules such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone and nitrogen dioxide. ROS are formed from processes such as the respiratory burst of phagocytes and from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, so production is often increased by situations that elevate oxygen utilisation such as exercise. ROS may also act as “signalling” species within the body. Controlled production of ROS is therefore essential for normal cellular function and health, especially with respect to the functioning of the immune system. However, uncontrolled production of ROS can result in cell damage and death, the induction and propagation of inflammation and DNA damage. Thus, the body has evolved intricate and elaborate enzymatic and non–enzymatic antioxidant defences to control and buffer excess ROS production. In situations where the antioxidant defences are overwhelmed either due to their depletion, malfunction or simply due to excessive ROS bombardment, oxidative stress and oxidative damage are likely to occur.

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Reactive Oxygen Species Influence Biofilm Formation of Acidophilic Mineral-Oxidizing Bacteria on Pyrite

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.118 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1130 ◽

pp. 118-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sören Bellenberg ◽

Dieu Huynh ◽

Laura Castro ◽

Maria Boretska ◽

Wolfgang Sand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Hydroxyl Radicals ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Metal Sulfides ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Water Molecules ◽

Oxygen Species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH.) are known to be formed on the surface of metal sulfides in aqueous solution under oxic and anoxic conditions. Consequently bacteria which have not been adapted to their presence are metabolically inhibited [1], presumably due to the presence of these ROS. Pyrite-grown cells ofAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidansT, in contrast to iron (II)-grown cells, were able to oxidize iron (II)-ions or pyrite after 24 h starvation and contact with 1 mM externally added H2O2. In this study, similar results were obtained withAcidiferrobactersp. SPIII/3. However,Acidithiobacillus ferrivoransSS3 showed the highest tolerance towards contact with H2O2, whileLeptospirillum ferrooxidansDSM 2391 was most sensitive. Similar results were obtained after exposure to defined doses of gamma radiation, which cleaves water molecules and generates ROS. In this study members of the three aforementioned genera of mineral-oxidizing bacteria were compared regarding their ability to survive, colonize pyrite and to oxidize iron (II)-ions after exposure to different concentrations of H2O2. Pyrite colonization was studied after exposure to endogenous ROS formed on pyrite or after external addition of H2O2using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

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Reactive Oxygen Species and Induction of Lignin Peroxidase in Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.69.11.6500-6506.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 69 (11) ◽

pp. 6500-6506 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Paula A. Belinky ◽

Nufar Flikshtein ◽

Sergey Lechenko ◽

Shimon Gepstein ◽

Carlos G. Dosoretz

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽

Hydroxyl Radicals ◽

Lignin Peroxidase ◽

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Radical Scavenger ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Atmospheric Air

ABSTRACT We studied oxidative stress in lignin peroxidase (LIP)-producing cultures (cultures flushed with pure O2) of Phanerochaete chrysosporium by comparing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cumulative oxidative damage, and antioxidant enzymes with those found in non-LIP-producing cultures (cultures grown with free exchange of atmospheric air [control cultures]). A significant increase in the intracellular peroxide concentration and the degree of oxidative damage to macromolecules, e.g., DNA, lipids, and proteins, was observed when the fungus was exposed to pure O2 gas. The specific activities of manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase and the consumption of glutathione were all higher in cultures exposed to pure O2 (oxygenated cultures) than in cultures grown with atmospheric air. Significantly higher gene expression of the LIP-H2 isozyme occurred in the oxygenated cultures. A hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl sulfoxide (50 mM), added to the culture every 12 h, completely abolished LIP expression at the mRNA and protein levels. This effect was confirmed by in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction, which significantly enhanced LIP expression. The level of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) was correlated with the starvation conditions regardless of the oxygenation regimen applied, and similar cAMP levels were obtained at high O2 concentrations and in cultures grown with atmospheric air. These results suggest that even though cAMP is a prerequisite for LIP expression, high levels of ROS, preferentially hydroxyl radicals, are required to trigger LIP synthesis. Thus, the induction of LIP expression by O2 is at least partially mediated by the intracellular ROS.

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Chemical and biochemical aspects of superoxide radicals and related species of activated oxygen

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y82-200 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 1330-1345 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Ajit Singh

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Hydroxyl Radicals ◽

Superoxide Radical ◽

Superoxide Radicals ◽

Living Systems ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Peroxy Radicals ◽

Activated Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Yield

The spectrum of biological processes in which oxygen is used by living systems is quite large, and the products include some damaging species of activated oxygen, particularly the superoxide radical [Formula: see text] and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, in turn, can lead to the formation of other damaging species: hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2). Hydroxyl radicals react with organic compounds to give secondary free radicals that, in the presence of oxygen, yield peroxy radicals, peroxides, and hydroperoxides. Formation, interconversion, and reactivity of [Formula: see text] and related activated oxygen species, methods available for their detection, and the basis of their biological toxicity are briefly reviewed.

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367 Scavenging Capacity of Active Oxygen Species in Blackberry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.455e ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 455E-455

Author(s):

Shiow Y. Wang ◽

Hongjun Jiao

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Singlet Oxygen ◽

Hydroxyl Radicals ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Active Oxygen Species ◽

Active Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Scavenging Capacity ◽

Β Carotene

The effect of blackberries (Rubus sp.) genotypes on antioxidant activities against superoxide radicals (O2–), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radicals (OH), and singlet oxygen (O,), was evaluated. The results were expressed as percent inhibition of active oxygen species production in the presence of fruit juice. The active oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value referred to the net protection in the presence of fruit juice, and was expressed as micromoles of α-tocopherol, ascorbate, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene equivalents per 10 g of fresh weight for O2–, H2O2, OH, and O2, respectively. Among the different cultivars, juice of Hull' blackberry had the highest oxygen species, superoxide radicals (O2–), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radicals (OH), and singlet oxygen (O2,) scavenging capacity. Different antioxidants have their functional scavenging capacity against active oxygen species. There were interesting and marked differences among the different antioxidants in their abilities to inhibit the different active oxygen species. β-carotene had by far the highest scavenging activity against O2– but had absolutely no effect on H2O2. Ascorbic acid was the best at inhibiting H2O2 free radical activity. For OH, there was a wide range of scavenging capacities with α-tocopherol the highest and ascorbic acid the lowest. Glutathione had higher O2– scavenging capacity compared to the other antioxidants.

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