Effect of Fe deficiency on mitochondrial alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in cucumber roots

Abstract Purpose: Phytosiderophores (PS) from grasses solubilize sparingly soluble iron (Fe), and the resultant PS-Fe is an Fe source, even for dicots. Recently, the synthetic PS proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA) has been developed as a moderately biodegradable Fe fertilizer for grasses. We aimed to investigate whether PDMA-Fe is also a good Fe source for dicots.Methods: The availability of PDMA-Fe to cucumber was evaluated in calcareous soil and hydroponic cultures under pH 7.0–9.0 by determining chlorophyll concentration, PSII activity, and Fe uptake. EDDHA-Fe, EDTA-Fe, and citrate-Fe were used as controls. The reducibility of Fe chelates by roots was measured to determine the mechanism underlying differences in availability. Expressions of Fe deficiency-inducible genes (CsFRO1 and CsIRT1) were analyzed to estimate the Fe status in plants. Results: Application of PDMA-Fe and EDDHA-Fe to calcareous soil reduced Fe-deficient chlorosis to a similar extent; however, shoot Fe concentration was higher in the PDMA-Fe treatment. In the hydroponic culture, PDMA-Fe had higher availability than the other chelates at every pH, which was confirmed by higher PSII activity and lower expression of Fe deficiency-inducible genes. The reducibility assay revealed that the reduction level of PDMA-Fe was greater than that of EDTA-Fe and citrate-Fe under alkaline pH.Conclusion: PDMA-Fe is utilized by cucumber roots more efficiently than traditional synthetic chelates in both calcareous soil and hydroponic cultures. The higher availability of PDMA-Fe may be attributed to its higher reducibility. Our findings suggest that PDMA-Fe could be a good Fe fertilizer for dicots.

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A synthetic phytosiderophore analog, proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid, is efficiently utilized by dicots

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-021-05152-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daisei Ueno ◽

Yuta Ito ◽

Miho Ohnishi ◽

Chikahiro Miyake ◽

Takayuki Sohtome ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fe Deficiency ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Similar Extent ◽

Psii Activity ◽

Deoxymugineic Acid ◽

Chlorophyll Level ◽

Hydroponic Cultures ◽

Cucumber Roots ◽

Inducible Genes ◽

Lower Expression

Abstract Purpose Phytosiderophores (PS) from grasses solubilize sparingly soluble iron (Fe), and the resultant PS-Fe is an Fe source even for dicots. Recently, the synthetic PS proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA) has been developed as a moderately biodegradable Fe fertilizer for grasses. We aimed to investigate whether PDMA-Fe is also a good Fe source for dicots. Methods The availability of PDMA-Fe to cucumber was evaluated in a calcareous substrate and hydroponic cultures at pH 7.0–9.0 by determining chlorophyll level, PSII activity, and Fe uptake. EDDHA-Fe, EDTA-Fe, and citrate-Fe were used as controls. The reducibility of Fe chelates by roots was measured to determine the mechanism underlying differences in availability. Expressions of Fe deficiency-inducible genes were analyzed to estimate the Fe status in plants. Results The application of PDMA-Fe and EDDHA-Fe to a calcareous substrate reduced Fe-deficient chlorosis to a similar extent; however, the shoot Fe concentration was higher in the PDMA-Fe treatment. In the hydroponic culture, the availability of PDMA-Fe was higher than that of the other chelates at all pH levels, and this was confirmed by higher PSII activity and lower expression of Fe deficiency-inducible genes. The reducibility assay revealed that the reduction level of PDMA-Fe was greater than that of EDTA-Fe and citrate-Fe under alkaline pH. Conclusions PDMA-Fe is utilized by cucumber roots more efficiently than traditional synthetic chelates in both calcareous substrate and hydroponic cultures. The higher availability of PDMA-Fe may be attributed to its higher reducibility. Our findings suggest that PDMA-Fe could be a good Fe fertilizer for dicots.

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CHANGES IN ENZYMES AND PROTEINS IN SALT-SHOCKED VS. GRADIENT INCREASES IN NACL IN `POINSETT' CUCUMBER ROOTS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1091 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1091G-1091

Author(s):

Anne K. Hurley ◽

B. Greg Cobb

Keyword(s):

Invertase Activity ◽

Shock Treatment ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Relative Growth Rates ◽

Salt Shock ◽

Gradient Solution ◽

Cucumber Roots ◽

Average Plant ◽

Plastochron Index

Cucumis sativus, L., `Poinsett' seedlings were grown under artificial light in 40% modified Hoagland's solution until an average plant plastochron index of 4.73 was reached. Plants were then placed in solutions of (1) 0 mM NaCl, (2) 80 mM NaCl (salt-shock), or (3) placed in a dropwise gradient solution of NaCl and Hoagland's until the final concentration of 80 mM NaCl was reached at 41 hours. Leaves of the 80 mM shock treatment wilted immediately, but recovered turgor within 6 hours. Leaves of 80 mM gradient did not wilt at anytime. The control and gradient treatments had relative growth rates which were similar to each other, but RGR decreased in the shock treatment. Invertase activity was measured in the roots at 24, 41, and 48 hours after initial treatment. Invertase activity of shock treatment increased significantly over the controls at 24 hours. The 80mM gradient was not significantly different than either treatment. Four isozymes of α– galactosidase were detected. The relative intensities of the bands varied with time and treatment. One invertase band was resolved in roots on 8% native acrylamide gels. SDS gels indicated increases in proteins in the gradient treatment compared to the control and the 80 mM shock treatment.

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Masked vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in the elderly

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19850148 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 613-619 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

G. M. Craig ◽

C. Elliot ◽

K. R. Hughes

Keyword(s):

Clinical Investigation ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

The Elderly ◽

Folate Deficiency ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Serum Folate ◽

Fe Deficiency ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Geriatric Unit

1. A high incidence of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, or both, may be found in the elderly, particularly those in hospital. This report concerns fifty cases detected in an inner-city-area geriatric unit during the course of routine clinical investigation. The majority had none of the classical haematological signs of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, and all the patients reported had a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of less than 100 fl.2. There was a significant negative correlation between the MCV and the erythrocyte folate (P< 0.01), supporting earlier published work using a low serum folate as an index of folate deficiency.3. There was no correlation between the MCV and the serum vitamin B12. Published work differs on this point.4. Serum iron, total Fe-binding capacity and percentage Fe saturation results were available in forty patients in this series. There was a significant positive correlation between the serum Fe and the MCV (P<0.01) and 34% of patients had haematological evidence of Fe deficiency. In the majority, however, there was no evidence that associated Fe deficiency had masked the haematological signs of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.5. More attention should be paid to the problem of ‘masked’ vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in the elderly. There is a case for routine screening of the elderly for vitamin B12 and folate deficiency irrespective of the MCV.

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Physiological and interactomic analysis reveals versatile functions of Arabidopsis 14-3-3 quadruple mutants in response to Fe deficiency

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94908-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jing Gao ◽

Paula J. M. van Kleeff ◽

Ka Wan Li ◽

Albertus H. de Boer

Keyword(s):

Iron Acquisition ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Fe Deficiency ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Functional Aspects ◽

Clear Explanation ◽

Physiological Analysis ◽

Proper Operation

AbstractTo date, few phenotypes have been described for Arabidopsis 14-3-3 mutants or the phenotypes showing the role of 14-3-3 in plant responding to abiotic stress. Although one member of the 14-3-3 protein family (14-3-3 omicron) was shown to be involved in the proper operation of Fe acquisition mechanisms at physiological and gene expression levels in Arabidopsis thaliana, it remains to be explored whether other members play a role in regulating iron acquisition. To more directly and effectively observe whether members of 14-3-3 non-epsilon group have a function in Fe-deficiency adaptation, three higher order quadruple KOs, kappa/lambda/phi/chi (klpc), kappa/lambda/upsilon/nu(klun), and upsilon/nu/phi/chi (unpc) were generated and studied for physiological analysis in this study. The analysis of iron-utilization efficiency, root phenotyping, and transcriptional level of Fe-responsive genes suggested that the mutant with kl background showed different phenotypes from Wt when plants suffered Fe starved, while these phenotypes were absent in the unpc mutant. Moreover, the absence of the four 14-3-3 isoforms in the klun mutant has a clear impact on the 14-3-3 interactome upon Fe deficiency. Dynamics of 14-3-3-client interactions analysis showed that 27 and 17 proteins differentially interacted with 14-3-3 in Wt and klun roots caused by Fe deficiency, respectively. Many of these Fe responsive proteins have a role in glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle, the FoF1-synthase and in the cysteine/methionine synthesis. A clear explanation for the observed phenotypes awaits a more detailed analysis of the functional aspects of 14-3-3 binding to the target proteins identified in this study.

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Effect of routine iron–folic acid supplementation among rural pregnant women living in low- and high-groundwater-iron areas in Bangladesh

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019001617 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 2844-2855 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Faruk Ahmed ◽

Moududur Rahman Khan ◽

Ireen Akhtar Chowdhury ◽

Rubhana Raqib ◽

Anjan Kumar Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Folic Acid Supplementation ◽

Fe Deficiency ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Iron Folic Acid ◽

Hb Concentration ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractObjective:The present study investigated the risks and benefits of routine Fe–folic acid (IFA) supplementation in pregnant women living in low- and high-groundwater-Fe areas in Bangladesh.Design:A case-controlled prospective longitudinal study design was used to compare the effect of daily Fe (60 mg) and folic acid (400 μg) supplementation for 3·5 months.Setting:A rural community in Bangladesh.Participants:Pregnant women living in low-groundwater-Fe areas (n 260) and high-groundwater-Fe areas (n 262).Results:Mean Hb and serum ferritin concentrations at baseline were significantly higher in pregnant women in the high-groundwater-Fe areas. After supplementation, the mean change in Hb concentration in the women in the low-groundwater-Fe areas (0·10 mg/dl) was higher than that in the pregnant women in the high-groundwater-Fe areas (–0·08 mg/dl; P = 0·052). No significant changes in the prevalence of anaemia or Fe deficiency (ID) in either group were observed after IFA supplementation; however, the prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia (IDA) decreased significantly in the women in the low-groundwater-Fe areas. The risk of anaemia, ID and IDA after supplementation did not differ significantly between the groups. None of the participants had Fe overload. However, a significant proportion of the women in the high- and low-groundwater-Fe areas remained anaemic and Fe-deficient after supplementation.Conclusion:IFA supplementation significantly increased the Hb concentration in pregnant women living in the low-groundwater-Fe areas. Routine supplementation with 60 mg Fe and 400 μg folic acid does not pose any significant risk of haemoconcentration or Fe overload. Further research to identify other nutritional and non-nutritional contributors to anaemia is warranted to prevent and treat anaemia.

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Biological control of Fusarium wilt of cucumber with nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m87-061 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 349-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

T. C. Paulitz ◽

C. S. Park ◽

R. Baker

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Control Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cucumber Roots ◽

Linear Regressions

Nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were obtained from surface-disinfested, symptomless cucumber roots grown in two raw (nonautoclaved) soils. These isolates were screened for pathogenicity and biological control activity against Fusarium wilt of cucumber in raw soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (F.o.c.). The influence of three isolates effective in inducing suppressiveness and three ineffective isolates on disease incidence over time was tested. The effective isolates reduced the infection rate (R), based on linear regressions of data transformed to loge (1/1 – y). Effective isolate C5 was added to raw soil infested with various inoculum densities of F.o.c. In treatments without C5, the increase in inoculum densities of F.o.c. decreased the incubation period of wilt disease, but there was no significant difference in infection rate among the inoculum density treatments. Isolate C5 reduced the infection rate at all inoculum densities of F.o.c. Various inoculum densities of C5 were added to raw soils infested with 1000 cfu/g of F.o.c. In the first trial, infection rates were reduced only in the treatment with 10 000 cfu/g of C5; in the second trial, infection rates were reduced in treatments with 10 000 and 30 000 cfu/g of C5.

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