Long-Time Voice Accumulation During Work, Leisure, and a Vocal Loading Task in Groups With Different Levels of Functional Voice Problems

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 246.e1-246.e10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Whitling ◽  
Viveka Lyberg-Åhlander ◽  
Roland Rydell
Keyword(s):  
Long Time ◽  
Different Levels

scholarly journals Computation of vortex sheet roll-up in the Trefftz plane

1987 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 123-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Krasny
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Size ◽  
Vortex Sheet ◽  
Smoothing Parameter ◽  
Tip Vortex ◽  
Tip Vortices ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Principal Value ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Good Agreement

Two vortex-sheet evolution problems arising in aerodynamics are studied numerically. The approach is based on desingularizing the Cauchy principal value integral which defines the sheet's velocity. Numerical evidence is presented which indicates that the approach converges with respect to refinement in the mesh-size and the smoothing parameter. For elliptic loading, the computed roll-up is in good agreement with Kaden's asymptotic spiral at early times. Some aspects of the solution's instability to short-wavelength perturbations, for a small value of the smoothing parameter, are inferred by comparing calculations performed with different levels of computer round-off error. The tip vortices’ deformation, due to their mutual interaction, is shown in a long-time calculation. Computations for a simulated fuselage-flap configuration show a complicated process of roll-up, deformation and interaction involving the tip vortex and the inboard neighbouring vortices.

scholarly journals Protein malnutrition in the rat induced by protein-calorie imbalance

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Wikramanayake
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

1. A study has been made of the effect of feeding growing rats for a long time on a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet given at two different levels of energy. 2. When the proteins of the diet provided o or 5% of the calories the body-weight fell rapidly and fat accumulated in the liver. Addition of carbohydrate (glucose) to the diets increased the amount of fat in the liver. 3. It is suggested that a deficiency of protein retards the synthesis in the liver of lipoproteins required for removal of triglyceride from the liver. Additional carbohydrate diverts amino acids from the amino acid pool to tissues such as muscles, increasing the liver damage.

Archaeology and ideological propaganda in annexed Alsace (1940–1944)

Antiquity ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (279) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Legendre
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Media ◽  
Different Levels

In June 1940, following the signature of the Rethondes armistice, the French province of Alsace was joined to Germany and integrated with the neighbouring German province of Baden, into the Gau Baden-Elsass, later known as Gau Oberrhein. A period of more than four years began, when the Nazi authorities resorted to any means to Germanize the province and its inhabitants as quickly as possible. Various measures were taken as early as 1940, such as a ban on the speaking of French and even the wearing of the Basque beret. Those measures were backed up with the use of propaganda at different levels in everyday life. One of the favourite themes of the media consisted in trying to demonstrate that Alsatians were descendants of ‘Germanic’ populations who settled a long time ago in this country, and that those origins justified their integration into the Reich (FIGURE 1). Local archaeological research was especially favoured by the Nazis to further this theory.

De (on) Verklaarbaarheid Van Fossilisatie

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Elisabeth van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Past Tenses ◽  
Different Levels

In the literature about fossilization, several definitions have been given and several explanations have been suggested for this phenomenon. I see fossilization as a long-time stagnation in the T2 learning process, leading to errors based on transfer. Fossilization is caused by sociolinguistic, pyscholinguistic and purely linguistic factors. In this paper I concentrate on the acquisition of syntactic structures and on the role of input and instruction in that process. I argue that, although in the acquisition of some syntactic structures, UG plays an important role, this does not account for the whole learning process: learners have not only to reset parameters when acquiring T2 but have to proceduralize knowledge based on the surface structure of sentences. In the case of the use of past tenses in French, many of the Dutch advanced learners of three different levels of proficiency do not acquire native-like intuitions about the use of these tenses, although input as well as instruction are thorough on this point. I suggest that the past tense system is not UG-dependent and that the instruction does not allow proceduralization of the knowledge.

Semantics of Hawrami Body Part Terms

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-335
Author(s):  
Bistoon Abasi ◽  
Amer Gheitury
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Internal Body

Human body as a universal possession of human beings constitutes an interesting domain where questions regarding semantic categorisations might be sought crosslinguistically. In the following, we will attempt to describe the terms used to refer to the body in Hawrami, an Iranian language spoken in Paveh, a small township in the western province of Kermanshah near Iraqi borders. Due to the scarcity of written material, the inventory of 202 terms referring to external and internal body parts were obtained through a field work, which took a long time, and techniques, such as the “colouring task”, observation and recording the terms as used in ordinary conversations and informal interviews with native speakers. The semantic properties of the terms and the way they are related in a partonymy or locative relationship were also investigated. As far as universals of body part terms are concerned, while conforming to ‘depth principle’ concerning the number of levels each partonomy may consist of, Hawrami violates an important feature of this principle by not allowing transitive relations between different levels of partonomic hierarchies. In addition, Hawrami lacks a term for labelling the ‘whole’.

Analysis on the Dynamical Law of the Dam's Displacement by the Concept of Time-Displacement

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 974-978
Author(s):  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Xing Dong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Displacement Rate ◽  
Monitoring Point ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Decision Tree Classification ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dam Deformation ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Rate Threshold

In the analysis of dam displacement data, mostly, a single point is used for calculation. Based on the concept named Time-displacement, this paper proposes a new calculation method with multi-point, which can make up the scarcity of analysis on the data of the dam deformation for a long time. Based on the concept of Time-displacement, the method of building the multi-point model is as follows: firstly, according to the deformation monitoring period, displacement data of all monitoring points on the deformation body, can be converted into the displacement rate. And based on displacement rate value, an appropriate rate threshold can be chosen; the rate threshold based on the experience can be used many also. Then the number of every monitoring point exceeding the rate threshold throughout the monitoring period can be recorded, and according to the number, the monitoring points’ Time-displacement could be divided into different levels. If the number of monitoring points on the deformation body is less, the interpolation points would be laid along the direction of the original monitoring sites. By the method of decision tree classification, the interpolation points’ Time-displacement could be figured out. Finally, with the original monitoring points and the interpolation points, the figure about deformation body’s Time-displacement could be drawn, which can reflect the displacement situation about the deformation body more dynamically.

scholarly journals On the advent of the Reformation: COVID-19 pandemic as a predictor of social and value transformations

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Aleksandrovich Golovushkin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
New World ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Value Shift ◽  
New Religion ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
New System

This article is dedicated to the problems and prospects of the expected/commenced social and value shift, which was stimulated and legitimized by the COVID-19 pandemic. For a long time and on different levels (universalism/particularism), the modern world has been seeking the new system of “individual – society – state”, as well as the corresponding value basis. Being simultaneously a global and individual challenge, the COVID-19 pandemic allows launching and testing the available “projects of the Reformation”, as well as laying the foundation for the future projects. This is the sort of “shimmering in the near distance”, version of the “disciplinary revolution”, which allows officially speaking of the “new world”. However, in order the “motivation” for the new social reality is “for conscience, rather than fear”, it requires the value revolution (“revolution in theology”), which would formulate and offer the new normative attitudes. In this regard, the use of the conceptual framework of the “Reformation” and its patterns leads towards the comprehension of importance of the value foundation of the expected / commenced social transformation. Even of greater importance is the understanding who forms this value foundation. The article does not provide specific answers to the questions which new system of “individual – society – state”, new ethos or “new religion” entails the COVID-19 pandemic. The consequences of such “revolutions” manifest later on and are rarely predictable. This article aims to be the “optics” that allows seeing the inner and the outer the context of the COVID-2019.

scholarly journals Modelling Agroforestry’s Contributions to People—A Review of Available Models

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Philipp Kraft ◽  
Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei ◽  
Lutz Breuer ◽  
Frank Ewert ◽  
André Große-Stoltenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Code Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Community Effort ◽  
Different Levels

Climate change, increasing environmental pollution, continuous loss of biodiversity, and a growing human population with increasing food demand, threaten the functioning of agro-ecosystems and their contribution to people and society. Agroforestry systems promise a number of benefits to enhance nature’s contributions to people. There are a wide range of agroforestry systems implemented representing different levels of establishment across the globe. This range and the long time periods for the establishment of these systems make empirical assessments of impacts on ecosystem functions difficult. In this study we investigate how simulation models can help to assess and predict the role of agroforestry in nature’s contributions. The review of existing models to simulate agroforestry systems reveals that most models predict mainly biomass production and yield. Regulating ecosystem services are mostly considered as a means for the assessment of yield only. Generic agroecosystem models with agroforestry extensions provide a broader scope, but the interaction between trees and crops is often addressed in a simplistic way. The application of existing models for agroforestry systems is particularly hindered by issues related to code structure, licences or availability. Therefore, we call for a community effort to connect existing agroforestry models with ecosystem effect models towards an open-source, multi-effect agroforestry modelling framework.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Spatial Accessibility and Distribution Balance of Multi-Level Medical Service Facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihan Jin ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
De Tong ◽  
Yongxi Gong ◽  
Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Service ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Weighted Sums ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Medical Quality ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

Public medical service facilities are among the most basic needs of the public and are directly related to residents’ health. The balanced development of medical service facilities is of great significance. Public medical service facilities can be divided into different levels according to their medical equipment, service catchment, and medical quality, which is very important but has been ignored for a long time in accessibility evaluations. In this research, based on the hospital and population datasets of Shenzhen, we propose a hierarchical two-step floating catchment area (H2SFCA) method to evaluate the spatial accessibility of public medical resources considering the factors at different levels of medical resources. In the proposed method, the spatial accessibility of each level of public medical service facilities are evaluated using different distance attenuation functions according to the medical service’s scope. In addition, a measurement is proposed to evaluate the equity of medical service facilities based on accessibility and population density distributions. To synthesize the general spatial accessibility and the distribution balance of public medical service facilities, we standardize the spatial accessibility of public medical service facilities at each level and then calculate the weighted sums of the accessibility of each level. The general spatial equity of public medical service facilities is also evaluated. The results show that the accessibility and distribution balance of medical resources performs dissimilarly at the three levels and can be discriminated within different regions of the city. The accessibility of citywide medical facilities in Shenzhen decreases from the city center to the suburban area in a radial pattern and the accessibility and distribution balance in the suburban areas needs improvement.

Integrated Goal, Data and Process Modeling

2011 ◽  
pp. 43-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Krogstie
Keyword(s):  
Process Modeling ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Business Goals ◽  
Industrial Setting ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
Rule Systems ◽  
Different Levels

In organizations, goals and rules on different levels ranging from visions, to strategies, tactics, and operational goals have been expressed for a long time. In the IS-field, the interest on goals and rules has come from two directions. A) Business goals for use in requirements specification. B) Rule-based (expert) systems, focusing on automation of rule-execution. We were already 15 years ago involved in an EU-project Tempora together with Benkt Wangler and others where we tried to combine these worlds. Although able to produce interesting prototypes, the approaches we used then proved to be difficult to scale to an industrial setting. 15 years later we are involved in taking these approaches to a new level. We will in this paper present our approach to combining goal, data, resource and process modeling, in the support of the development and user-led evolution of what we term Model-generated Workplaces (MGWP), with an emphasis on the use of goal and rule-modeling in combination with process modeling. A case study extending an ongoing industrial trial of production rule systems is provided to illustrate some of the benefits of the approach.

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