Nitrogen modeling and performance of Multi-Soil-Layering (MSL) bioreactor treating domestic wastewater in rural community

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 102389
Author(s):  
Sofyan Sbahi ◽  
Naaila Ouazzani ◽  
Abdessamed Hejjaj ◽  
Laila Mandi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Soil Layering ◽  
Nitrogen Modeling ◽  
And Performance

Analysis of organic removal rates in the aerated submerged fixed film process

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Hamoda ◽  
Ibrahim A. Al-Ghusain
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Hydraulic Loading ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Cod Removal Rate ◽  
And Performance

Performance data from a pilot-plant employing the four-stage aerated submerged fixed film (ASFF) process treating domestic wastewater were analyzed to examine the organic removal rates. The process has shown high BOD removal efficiencies (> 90%) over a wide range of hydraulic loading rates (0.04 to 0.68 m3/m2·d). It could also cope with high hydraulic and organic loadings with minimal loss in efficiency due to the large amount of immobilized biomass attained. The organic (BOD and COD) removal rate was influenced by the hydraulic loadings applied, but organic removal rates of up to 104 kg BOD/ m2·d were obtained at a hydraulic loading rate of 0.68 m3/m2·d. A Semi-empirical model for the bio-oxidation of organics in the ASFF process has been formulated and rate constants were calculated based on statistical analysis of pilot-plant data. The relationships obtained are very useful for analyzing the design and performance of the ASFF process and a variety of attached growth processes.

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO VEGETATIVO DE QUATRO ESPÉCIES DE GRAMA IRRIGADAS COM EFLUENTE DOMÉSTICO.

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-275
Author(s):  
Aline Regina Piedade ◽  
Raimundo Leite Cruz ◽  
Sérgio Campos ◽  
Roberto Lyra Villas Boas
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Effluent Irrigation ◽  
Supply Water

DESENVOLVIMENTO VEGETATIVO DE QUATRO ESPÉCIES DE GRAMA IRRIGADAS COM EFLUENTE DOMÉSTICO.  Aline Regina Piedade1; Raimundo Leite Cruz2; Sérgio Campos2; Roberto Lyra Villas Boas31Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas, SP, [email protected] 2Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP2Departamento de Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP  1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desenvolvimento vegetativo de quatro espécies de grama irrigadas por gotejamento com efluente de Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto Doméstico e água de abastecimento (Sabesp). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da área experimental da FCA/UNESP (Botucatu-SP) durante 12 meses, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado num fatorial 4 x 3, seguidos de quatro repetições totalizando 48 parcelas. As espécies de grama utilizadas foram: Santo Agostinho (Stenotaphrum secandatum (Walt.) Kuntze); Bermudas (Cynodum dactylon); Esmeralda (Zoysia japônica) e São Carlos (Axnopus sp). E os tratamentos foram: T1- Irrigação com reuso; T2- Irrigação com reuso + adubação química e T3- Irrigação com água de abastecimento da Sabesp + adubação química (Testemunha). Os dados foram submetidos à comparação de médias por Tukey com 5 % de probabilidade. Verificou-se que o nitrogênio presente na água de reuso foi suficiente para o bom desenvolvimento das espécies de grama, porém a sua utilização proporcionou uma maior lixiviação de potássio. UNITERMOS: reuso de água, irrigação, gramados, água residuária, esgoto.  PIEDADE, A. R; CRUZ, R. L.; CAMPOS, S.; BOAS, R. L. V. VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF FOUR GRASS SPECIES IRRIGATED WITH EFFLUENT OF DOMESTIC  2 ABSTRACT This research aimed to compare the development of four grasses species irrigated by dripping with an effluent from a domestic wastewater station treatment in a small rural community, and supply water from Sabesp. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the FCA/UNESP (Botucatu - SP) for 12 months in a completely randomized 4 x 3 factorial design, with four replications, totalizing 48 parcels. Grass species used in this experiment were: Santo Agostinho (Stenotaphrum secandatum (Walt.) Kuntze); Bermudas (Cynodum dactylon); Esmeralda (Zoysia japônica) and São Carlos (Axnopus sp). The treatments were: T1- Irrigation with re-use; T2- Irrigation with re-use + chemical fertilization and T3- Irrigation with supply water from Sabesp + chemical fertilization (control). Data were submitted to comparison of means by Tukey’s test at 5 %. The results showed that nitrogen in the wastewater was enough for the good development of the grass species. However, its use caused higher potassium loss. KEYWORDS: re-use water, effluent, irrigation, grass, sludge.

scholarly journals Development and Performance of the Pepper Industry in Malaysia: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1402-1423
Author(s):  
Harry Entebang ◽  
Swee-Kiong Wong ◽  
Zehnder Jarroop Augustine Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Household Income ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
National Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Commodity Export ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Farm Inputs

The National Commodity Policy 2011-2020 was developed to increase the national income by harnessing the potential of commodity export revenues. Despite continuous efforts implemented by various related agencies, the overall performance of major commodities, particularly pepper, remains unsatisfactory. Regarded as a sought-after ‘king of spices’, pepper has become one of the most prized and important commodities traded globally. This paper highlights the development and performance of the pepper industry in Malaysia and discusses practical strategies and recommendations to transform the pepper industry. Besides conducting interviews with the industry experts to gain first-hand information, content and thematic analysis was employed based on secondary data research in this study. The findings of the study show that even though pepper is mostly used in food-related industries, its potential in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical sectors remains underexplored. Globally, the overall supply and demand of pepper continue to increase, though the demand has recently exceeded supply. However, continuous new planting and farmexpansion initiatives by major producers caused the total global pepper supply to exceed consumption in 2018. In fact, pepper prices have declined more than 70% since 2015, which affected the overall household income of the rural community engaged in pepper farming. While experiencing low prices, smallholder pepper farmers and the industry continue to struggle with low domestic consumption, low production, higher cost of farm inputs, lack of extension services, low impact of research, development and innovation, ageing farming population, intense competition from other producing countries, low prices for quality pepper, limited subsidy to support continuous farming, pepper-related diseases, lack of new technology, and poor investment in downstream activities. Given this, the performance of the Malaysian pepper industry has fallen below expectations.

Domestic Wastewater Management in a Rural Community in Colombia

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Lorena Trejos Gómez ◽  
Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor ◽  
Juan Mauricio Castaño Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management

Membrane fouling and performance evaluation of conventional membrane bioreactor (MBR), moving biofilm MBR and oxic/anoxic MBR

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1403-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sher Jamal Khan ◽  
Aman Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Saqib Nawaz ◽  
Nicholas P. Hankins
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
Cake Layer ◽  
And Performance

In this study, three laboratory scale submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs) comprising a conventional MBR (C-MBR), moving bed MBR (MB-MBR) and anoxic-oxic MBR (A/O-MBR) were continuously operated with synthesized domestic wastewater (chemical oxygen demand, COD = 500 mg/L) for 150 days under similar operational and environmental conditions. Kaldnes® plastic media with 20% dry volume was used as a biofilm carrier in the MB-MBR and A/O-MBR. The treatment performance and fouling propensity of the MBRs were evaluated. The effect of cake layer formation in all three MBRs was almost the same. However, pore blocking caused a major difference in the resultant water flux. The A/O-MBR showed the highest total nitrogen and phosphorus (PO4-P) removal efficiencies of 83.2 and 69.7%, respectively. Due to the high removal of nitrogen, fewer protein contents were found in the soluble and bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the A/O-MBR. Fouling trends of the MBRs showed 12, 14 and 20 days filtration cycles for C-MBR, MB-MBR and A/O-MBR, respectively. A 25% reduction of the soluble EPS and a 37% reduction of the bound EPS concentrations in A/O-MBR compared with C-MBR was a major contributing factor for fouling retardation and the enhanced filtration capacity of the A/O-MBR.

scholarly journals Peluang Riset Strategi Bumdes Sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Perekonomian Masyarakat: Sebuah Studi Literatur

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
M Ihsan ◽  
Irma Irma ◽  
Burhanuddin Ladjin ◽  
Arif Widyatama
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Business Innovation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Village

The purpose of this article is to discover the potential for research on BUMDes strategies. This article is considered important because research on BUMDes is still very limited so that it can make a very large contribution to BUMDes research space. Bumdes has an important role in building the economy in the village. However, the condition that occurs is that there are still many conditions of rural community human resources, especially Bumdes officials, who do not have good management skills and financial literacy in managing Bumdes. This research was conducted with a literature study using Leximancer to determine the potential for future research. The results of this study indicate that there are 4 (four)  important variables that need to be considered by further research, namely environmental, business, innovation and performance. 

scholarly journals Efficiency of Multi Soil Layering (MSL) System in A Household Scale of Wastewater Treatment Using Environmental Friendly Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Badrus Zaman ◽  
Wiharyanto Oktiawan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Soil Layering ◽  
The First Variation ◽  
The Second Variation ◽  
Required Quality

Most community settlements in Indonesia do not have a household scale of a wastewater treatment plant. Fatal impacts on the environment and human health can occur at any time, including (a) causing environmental damage (disaster), (b) damaging beauty/aesthetics for the scenery will be unpleasant and foul-smelling, (c) polluting water bodies, and (d ) endangering health. The purpose of this study is to optimize the Multi Soil Layering (MSL) System to treat domestic wastewater (greywater) using environmentally friendly materials that are available in Indonesia. The research method used the MSL system with the first variation using a batch system with Hydraulic retention time (HRT) for 24 hours and the second variation using an intermittent system with 3, 6, 9 hours HRT. The results showed that the MSL system was able to eliminate COD well. The highest COD removal efficiency was 93.44% at 9 hours HRT, but the effluent quality did not meet the required quality standards. The development of MSL systems that produces an effluent quality that meets the quality standards needs to be studied further.

scholarly journals Ecological sanitation a new approach to protect public health and environment in rural areas of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01065
Author(s):  
Aziz Taouraout ◽  
Abdelkader Chahlaoui ◽  
Khadija Ouarrak ◽  
Hicham Aaziz ◽  
Driss Belghyti
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Soil Layering ◽  
Almost All

Wastewater and human excreta are threatening the quality of groundwater and watercourses in rural areas of Morocco. The new sanitation approach that has advantage to solve the problems of pathogens of human waste at source and offering the possibility of reusing them after treatment is called Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan) could be an alternative solution to the conventional one. It is in this perspective that our study made an investigation on economic, ecological, sustainable sanitation techniques adapted to the Moroccan context. Indeed, a survey was carried out at Dayet Ifrah village to assess the population appreciation of the EcoSan structures installed. Survey results showed that these structures have been generally accepted by almost all users and non-users (95%). On the other hand, a pilot-scale system composed by two types of filters (vertical constructed wetland and vertical Multi-Soil-Layering) have been installed in order to treat domestic wastewater coming from a single household and their performance was evaluated. The filters showed good performance to remove organic pollution (> 84.5%) and orthophosphate (> 68%). The reduction of ammonium were 84.5% and 35.3% for vertical Multi-Soil-Layering and vertical constructed wetland, respectively. The quality of the wastewater treated was evaluated in accordance with the standard of the rejection limit value adopted by Morocco.

The Constructed Wetland Association UK database of constructed wetland systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Design Construction

There are now more than 1,000 constructed wetland systems (CWs) in the UK. The first UK CW database was constructed by Water Research Centre (WRc) and Severn Trent Water Ltd to accompany a book on the design and performance of these systems. In that database, constructed by Gareth Job et al. (1996), only 154 beds were listed, most of which were tertiary sewage treatment sites in Severn Trent Water. The Constructed Wetland Association (CWA) was formed in 2000 as a UK water industry body in response to problems caused by unscrupulous constructors. A group of experienced, reputable designers and constructors formed the CWA to bring together best UK practice in order to counteract this problem. The group contains major water companies, designers, constructors, academics, plant growers and operators. They decided that one of the best ways of countering the problem was to assemble a database of design and performance from well-designed systems. After negotiation the CWA group took over responsibility for the database from WRc. The CWA has produced eight updates of the database which now contains information from more than 900 beds. It contains examples of the different variants of CWs in use in the UK. Most of these sites treat sewage/domestic wastewater but the database also includes examples of systems for the treatment of minewater, sludge, landfill leachate, industrial effluents, surface runoff and road runoff. Particular treatment applications are illustrated by case studies which are summary articles describing design, construction and performance.

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