While a wealth of data on the fatty acid composition of mature human
milk has been published, limited information is available on the quantities
of individual fatty acids supplied to the suckling infant with maternal
milk, through the whole first year of life. Our aim was to qualitatively and
quantitatively evaluate the fatty acid composition of human milk from
Italian mothers, throughout extended lactation with particular emphasis on
the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. We have thus measured the total
fat content and the concentrations of major fatty acids by quantitative GLC
in pooled breast hindmilk collected from all feedings over 24 h at
colostrum, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months in ten mothers recruited after delivery
of full-term infants. Total saturated fatty acids progressively increase and
total monounsaturated progressively decrease as percentage levels, while
among long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, percentages of arachidonic
acid and docosahexaenoic acid decrease from colostrum up to the third month.
Hindmilk total lipids (mg/dl) rise more than twofold up to 3 months, and
then remain stable. The amounts (mg/dl) of linoleic acid and α-linolenic
acid progressively increase, following the trend of total fat, while
arachidonic and docosahexaenoic concentrations (mg/dl) remain stable
throughout the whole nursing period. Assessment of the intakes per kg body
weight shows different trends for the individual major long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids supplied to the infant from hindmilk during
exclusive breast-feeding (3 months). This information may be useful for the
evaluation of infant intakes during extended lactation.